高中英语高考冲刺语法专题2数词介词和介词短语（学生版）

高中英语高考冲刺语法专题2：数词、介词和介词短语【问题查找】Group1数词一、单句语法填空1.TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf,mysecondsonshalltakea__________(three).2.It’sreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses__________(two)asmuchenergyasthewholeofEuropeeveryyear.3.Intheflood,abouttwomillionpeoplewereinjuredand___________(million)ofhousesfellintopieces.4.Inthesummerholidayfollowingmy____________(eighteen)birthday,Itookdrivinglessons.5.Wecansee___________(thousand)ofstarsatnightifitisfine.二、翻译句子毕业晚会将于6月30日晚上19:30举行。_________________________________________________________________投稿的截止日期为2024年2月1日。_________________________________________________________________Group2介词与介词短语一、单句语法填空1.Guangdongis__________thesouthofChina,anditis__________thenorthofHainan.2.Ihateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I'malwaystoobusytocarry__________aconversationwithher.3.Studentsdon’tgotoschool__________Sundays.4.Itisamazingthatthelittleboycanswim____________therivermeasuring100meterswide.5.TheyencouragediscussionwithotherstudentsandhelpyoudevelopyourEnglish__________newandchallengingways.6.Modemmethodstrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.7.Iwassearching__________thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.8.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalmunity(医学界)__________amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffects.9.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree__________engineeringorarchitecture.10.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback__________mydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s.11.Mostofusaremorefocused__________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.12.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat__________theirhands.13.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently—moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed____________handratherthanrolled.14.Giantpandasalsoserve_____________anumbrellaspecies(物种),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.15.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartist_____________earth,MotherNature.二、完形填空真题节选Ifinda____47(clean)____mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare____48(significant)____buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe____49____.ThebestofaKilimanjaro____50____,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare____51____asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This____52____isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas____53____gothroughfiveecosystems（生态系统）inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,____54____landsoflowgrowingplants.49.A.payingoff B.spreadingout C.blowingup D.fadingaway50.A.atmosphere B.experience C.experiment D.sight51.A.studied B.observed C.explored D.regarded52.A.view B.quality C.reason D.purpose53.A.scientists B.climbers C.locals D.officials54.A.holdingonto B.goingbackto C.livingupto D.givingwayto【要点精讲】数词学习目标：能正确判定数词，掌握数词的用法并实际运用于语法填空和书面表达中步骤一：基数词与序数词的写法基数词onesevennineteentwoeightthreeninetwentyonefourtensixteentwentytwofiveseventeenthirtysixeighteenninety序数词firstsevenththirteenthnineteentheighthfourteenthninthfourthtenthsixteenthtwentysecondseventeenththirtiethsixthninetieth步骤二：基数词和序数词的用法①基数词表数量。如：Thereareeightboatsinthelake.②序数词表次序，翻译成“第……”，序数词前一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。如：eg.

Tomistheirsecondson..Heisthefirstonetoehere.注意：序数词有时可与不定冠词连用，表示数量上“又—”,“再一”eg：Hetriedasecondtime.他又试了—次。Shalllaskhimathirdtime?

还要我再问他—次吗?（我已问了他两次）步骤三：数词的拓展用法（1）hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen的用法有数字没s：5hundredtrees,2dozenapples,6billionpopulation有s有of：dozensofeggs,hundredsofstudents,manythousandsofsoldiers（2）编号的表示方法 第二课.LessonTwo=Lesson2=2路公交车 BusNo.2=206房 Room206（3）时间的表示方法顺读法6：25sixtwentyfive 9：48逆读法①分钟数≦30用past(超过) 7：23②分钟数﹥30用to(还差) 8：50半小时与一刻钟：half,quarter2：30halfpasttwo 6：45持续时间表达 一个半小时onehourandahalf= Themeetinglastonehourandahalf. Shehaswaitedforabusforoneandahalfhours.（4）年、月、日、世纪、年代的表示方法月份一览表某年某月： 2017年12月 December2017某月某日：12月10日 December10=Decemberthetenth=thetenthofDecember某年某月某日：2017年12月10日 December10,2017世纪、年代：19世纪inthenineteenthcentury80年代intheeighties20世纪70年代inthe1970s(1970’s)（5）分数与小数的表示方法分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母加s。1/4 onefourth 3/4 小数与百分数：小数点读成point，百分号读成percent。5.68 fivepointsixeight 30% thirtypercent分数、小数与名词连用。5/6的作业fivesixthsofthehomework60%的工人1.8个苹果（6）倍数表示法

1).

主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+as+adj.+asIhavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。2).

主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+thesize(amount，length…)of…Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。3).

主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+

形容词(副词)比较级+than…Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。4).

还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年粮食产量增加了4倍（7）度量衡的表示方法1厘米1centimeter 2英寸2inches 100米100meters6公里6kilometers 3英尺3feet 8码8yards4公斤4kilograms 5磅5pounds 7吨seventons9米深9metersdeep .3米宽3meterswide 2米长2cmeterslong（8）含数词的短语attheageof+基数词：在……岁时Hewentabroadattheageof18.inone’s+基数词复数 Hestartedapanyinhisfifties.带有数词的名词作定语的表达 asevenyearoldboy aahundredmeterrace atenminutewalk=10minutes’walk介词学习目标：学生能正确判定介词，掌握介词的用法并实际运用于语法填空中步骤一：介词的定义与语法功能介词是一种虚词，来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作成分。介词构成的介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语。又能与动词，be+形容词组合构成谓语。如：We’llgotoschoolintwoweeks.（作状语）ThemanwithlonghairismyEnglishteacher.（作定语）Thestudentsareunderthetree.（作表语）Hefoundthegirlontheplayground.（作宾补）Heisinterestedintennis.

（系表结构作谓语）SheturnedontheTV.（动词短语作谓语)步骤二：各类介词的区别用法1.方位介词in,on,to的区别用法in表示包含GuangdongisinthesouthofChina.on表示接壤GuangdongisontheeastofGuangxi.to表示相隔GuangdongistothesouthofBeijing.2.方位介词across,through,over的区别用法across指从表面穿过，如过马路、过桥等。Youmustbecarefulwhenyougoacrosstheroad.through指从内部穿过，如穿过森林、门窗等。Therivergoesthroughourvillage.over指从上面越过，如越过围墙、栏杆等。Shecanjumpoverthehurdle(跨栏).inthewall和onthewall以及inthetree和onthetree的区别用法inthewall指在墙壁里Thereisaholeinthewall.onthewall指在墙壁表面Thereisapictureonthewall.inthetree指树上的外来物Thereisabirdinthetree.onthetree指树自身生长的东西Therearemanyapplesonthetree.infrontof和inthefrontof的区别用法infrontof反义：behindAnoldladyisstandinginfrontofthecar.inthefrontof反义：atthebackofAnoldmanisdriving,sittinginthefrontofthecar.方位介词above,below和over,under和on的区别用法above反义：belowThereisalightabovethetable.Manyflowersarebelowthewindows.仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”，不表示垂直关系。over反义：underThereisastonebridgeovertheriver.Thereisababycatunderthetable.表示垂直上下关系on表示在某物体上面并与之接触Heputhiswatchonthedesk.介词among和between的区别用法among（三者或以上）之间Heisthemosthumorousfriendamongthesetenmen.between（两者）之间Don’tsitbetweenthetwochairs.时间介词in,on,at的区别用法in+较长的时间in2016/summer/Julyon+具体的某一天onSunday/August6th/Children’sDay/acoldnightat+点钟atteno’clock时间介词since,for+完成时的区别用法since+时间点/句子Ihaveknownhimsince2016IhaveknownhimsinceIwasachild.for+一段时间Ihaveknownhimfor5years.时间介词after/in(+一段时间)的区别用法after+一般过去时Hecameafter3days.in+一般将来时Hewillein3days.介词except,exceptforbesides,but,apartfrom(表“除了”)的区别用法except表示减的概念，表示“除了”AllthestudentscameexceptTom.exceptfor表示减的概念，表示“除了”，但except前后两名词属于同类名词，exceptfor前后两名词属于不同类名词，多表明理由细节Yourpositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.besides表示加的概念，表示“除了……还有”Thebossstillneeds3menbesidesTom.but表示“除了”，与no,notany,all等词连用时为介词，后面的动词用不定式，如果but前面有实义动词do的任何形式，则but后面用动词原形。否则，就用不定式形式。Ihavenochoicebuttowait.Icandonothingbutwait.apartfrom在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和exceptfor的含义，要根据上下文来判别①Apartfrom/BesidesEnglish,hehasagoodmandofRussianandFrench.②Hehasnointerests,apartfrom/excepthiswork.③It’sagoodpaper,apartfrom/exceptforafewspellingmistakes.介词in,with,by(表“使用”)的区别用法in+语言/颜色等CanyoutranslatethissentenceinEnglish.with+冠词/代词+具体的手段或工具Youcanwritedownwiththispen.by+具体的手段或工具byhand;byletter;bypost;bymeans/waysof介词by,in,on(+交通工具)的区别用法by直接+交通工具bybusin/on需加冠词(be)inacar=takeacar介词as和like的区别用法as作为Asateacher,hecaresforthesechildren.like像Hecaresforthesechildrenliketheirfather.介词against的用法against逆着、迎着(方向)Werunagainstthewind.反对Hewasactiveinpoliticsandwasstronglyagainstslavery.撞击；碰着Hehitagainstthepolereadingashewaswalking.靠着Heputtheladderagainstthewall.和……对照/对比；以……为背景Redflagsstandoutbrightlyagainstthebluesky.防备defendagainstenemy;protestagainstrain原因介词的区别用法for常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用IamsorryforwhatIsaidtoyou.at表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到……而……”Hewassurprisedatthenews.from常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。Hediedfromthewound.of多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等Theoldmandiedofhunger.with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Hewasshakingwithanger.by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因Shetookyourumbrellabymistake.over一般用于cry,weep,laugh等带有感情色彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因Sheweptoverthedeathofherdaughter.Welaughedoverthevictory.becauseof表示引起结果的直接原因Heretiredlastmonthbecauseofhisillness.thanksto表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常意为“幸亏……，多亏……”ThankstoJohn,wewonthegame.计量介词的区别用法at表示“以……速度；以……价格”Itfliesatabout900kilometersanhour.Isoldmycaratahighprice.for表示“用……交换；以……为代价”。注意：at表示单价，for表示总钱数。Hesoldhiscarfor500dollars.by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。Theypaidhimbythemonth.介词在短语搭配中的应用高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。常考题型为：完形填空、语法填空。(1)动词词组：如remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事；robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人的……；resultfrom由……引起；callat访问(某地)(2)形容词词组：如becuriousabout对……好奇；beproudof因……而自豪；bepopularwith受到……的欢迎(3)介词短语：如apartfrom除……之外；inadditionto除……之外(还)；becauseof因为；insteadof代替；infearof为……提心吊胆；forfearof以免；incaseof防备，万一；thanksto由于；inthemiddleof在……中间accordingto根据；infrontof在……前面；inreturnfor作为对……的回报；inchargeof负责；asaresultof作为……的结果；inexchangefor与……交换等。【查漏补缺】Group1数词一、单句语法填空1.Tom,atwelveyearoldboy,canspeakEnglishquitewell.Hewantstolearna_________(two)language.2.ThisSaturdayismy___________________(nineteen)birthday.Weletomyparty!3.Therewere____________(hundred)ofpeopleontheshipatthattime.4.Themuseumwasbuiltinthe______________(seventeen)century.5.Johnsetupapanyinhis______________(twenty).6.____________(million)ofteenagersareadmittedtouniversityeveryyear.二、翻译句子1.英语口语竞赛将于3月11日上午9点举行。______________________________________________________________________________2.暑假是寒假的两倍长。______________________________________________________________________________\3.龙舟赛将于5月23日下午3点举行。______________________________________________________________________________4.这条铁路比那条铁路长3倍。______________________________________________________________________________Group2介词与介词短语一、单句语法填空1.Mostofusaremorefocused________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.2.Allausuallygoestowork_______hercar,buttodayshegoesthere_______taxibecausehercarwasbroken.3.Hehasbeenhere_______2014.Inanotherword,hehasbeenhere_______4years.4.Tomsits_______thefrontoftheclassroomwhileJohnsits_______thebackofit.5.Thereisahole_______thefrontwallandthereisapicture_______thebackwall.二、完形填空真题节选1.It’sabout250milesfromthehillsofwestcentrallowatoEhlers’homeinMinnesota.Duringthelongtriphome,followingaweekendofhunting.Ehlers____41____aboutthesmalldoghehadseen____42____alongsidetheroad.Hehad____43____tocoax（哄）thedogtohimbut,frightened,ithad____44____.41.A.read B.forgot C.thought D.heard42.A.read B.trembling C.eating D.sleeping43.A.tried B.agreed C.promised D.regretted44.A.calmeddown B.stoodup C.rolledover D.runoff2.Windowsanddoorshave_____53(important)_____metaphorical(比喻)meanings.I’mtellingthemtheycan’topenwhattheyabsolutelyknowisadoor.Whatiflaterin_____54(life)_____theyetoametaphoricaldoor,likeanopportunity(机会)ofsomesort,and_____55_____openingthedoorandtakingtheopportunity,theyjust_____56_____itandwonder,“Whatifitisn’tadoor?”Thatis,“Whatifitisn’ta_____57_____opportunity?”55.A.byparisonwith B.inadditionto C.regardlessof D.insteadof56.A.getholdof B.stareat C.knockon D.makeuseof57.A.real B.typical C.similar D.limited3.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwothirdsofthewaythroughher____44(race)____whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She____45____tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith____46____.Shecouldn’t.Baileythen____47____toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____48____attention.45.A.agreed B.returned C.stopped D.promised46.A.courage B.aid C.patience D.advice47.A.wentaway B.stoodup C.steppedaside D.bentdown48.A.medical B.public C.constant D.equal【梳理优化】数词A.补充、完善初步总结的解题方法。一、常考题型：1.听说2.语法填空3.书面表达二、解题技巧语法填空题中数词的解题技巧1.判断所给单词是否是数词（一般是给出提示词的）；2.根据题目运用基数词或者序数词。介词和介词短语A.补充、完善初步总结的解题方法。一、常考题型：1.完型填空2.语法填空题二、解题技巧语法填空题中介词和介词短语的解题技巧观察空格处是否给出提示词（一般是未给出提示词的）；观察空格处前后是否有构成搭配短语或者表时间、地点、原因、方式等；判断是否需要填入介词；根据题意和所学知识填入恰当的介词小窍门：口诀1:

年月周前要用in,

日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。

要说某日上下午，

用on换in才能行。黎明午夜黄昏要用at，时分前用它也不错。口诀2:

in在……里，

out在……外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by。

on在……上，under在……下，above在上头,

below在底下。口诀3:

this,that,next,last,one,

接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。

over,under正上下，above,below则不然，

besides,except分内外，among之内along沿。

before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。since以来during间，since时态多变换。

【强化巩固】单句语法填空Group1数词—Whichmonthoftheyeardoyoulike?

.—July,the_____________monthbecausesummervacationbeginsinthismonth.Asaresultofthefarmers’hardworking,theyharvestedthewheatthisyear________(third)timesasmuchastheydidtheyearbefore.Shegraduatedfromuniversityattheageof______________(twentyfirst).ShegotmarriedwithTominher_____________(thirty).Pleasegivemea___________(two)chance.Group2介词和介词短语1.JackhasstudiedChineseinthisschool_______theyearof2000.2.Aseriousstudyofphysicsisimpossiblesomeknowledgeofmathematics.3.Thereisnothinginourbedroom_______anewbed.4.Ihaveafewotherfriends______________you.5.Doeshealwaysgotowork_______bikeor______foot?6.Kelly,who’sthegirl_______glassesinthephoto?It’sme.Iusedtowearglassesandhavelonghair.【课后练习】Group1数词翻译句子1.我的爷爷在八十多岁时去世了。_______________________________________________________________________李华总是第一个完成作业。_______________________________________________________________________饭后散步10分钟有助于我们的健康。_______________________________________________________________________Group2介词和介词短语单句语法填空1.Ourteachersarenotonlystrict_______theirwork,butalsostrict_______theirstudents.2.Mr.Brownsatback_______asmile_______hisface.3.Maryfoundasmallbag_______theground_______thewaytoschool.4.Thefieldwasfull_______sheepandtheywerelying_______theground.5.Marywasangry_______Katewholaughed_______her.6.Swimmingisgood_______ourhealth,but_______thesametimewemustn’tforgetthedanger.二、语法填空Thegiantpanda

isloved1___________peoplethroughouttheworld.Chinesescientists2_______________

(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepanda3___________anewbornbaby.Shewasaverycaringmother.For4_______________(twentyfifth)days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomethingtoeat!Shewouldnotletanyotherpandasenear.Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmightattractdangerous5_______________(animal)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlefortingpats.Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.

6____________

itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlefortingpats.Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda

7_________morethantwoyears.Bythattime,thepandanolongerneeded

8______(it)motherforfood.However,itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother9___________(drive)theyoungpandaaway.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,10_____________

itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.三、阅读理解Rainforestsarehometoarichvarietyofmedicinalplants,food,birdsandanimals.Canyoubelievethatasinglebush（灌木丛）intheAmazonmayhavemorespeciesofantsthanthewholeofBritain!About480varietiesoftreesmaybefoundinjustonehectareofrainforest.Rainforestsarethelungsoftheplanetstoringvastquantitiesofcarbondioxideandproducingasignificantamountoftheworld'soxygen.Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemforensuringtheirownsurvival;thetalltreesmakeacanopy（树冠层）ofbranchesandleaveswhichprotectthemselves,smallerplants,andtheforestanimalsfromheavyrain,intensedryheatfromthesunandstrongwinds.Amazingly,thetreesgrowinsuchawaythattheirleavesandbranches,althoughclosetogether,neveractuallytouchthoseofanothertree.Scientiststhinkthisistheplants'waytopreventthespreadofanytreediseasesandmakelifemoredifficultforleafeatinginsectslikecaterpillars.Tosurviveintheforest,animalsmustclimb,jumporflyacrossthegaps.Thegroundflooroftheforestisnotalltangledleavesandbushes,likeinfilms,butisactuallyfairlyclear.Itiswheredeadleavesturnintofoodforthetreesandotherforestlife.Theyarenotcalledrainforestsfornothing!Rainforestscangenerate75%oftheirownrain.Atleast80inchesofrainayearisnormalandinsomeareastheremaybeasmuchas430inchesofrainannually.Thisisrealrainyourumbrellamayprotectyouinashower,butitwon'tkeepyoudryifthereisafullrainstorm.Injusttwohours,streamscanrisetentotwentyfeet.Thehumidity（湿气）oflargerainforestscontributestotheformationofraincloudsthatmaytraveltoothercountriesinneedofrain.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutrainforestsfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theyproduceoxygen. B.Theycoveravastarea.C.Theyarewellmanaged. D.Theyarerichinwildlife.13.Whichofthefollowingcontributesmosttothesurvivalofrainforests?A.Heavyrains B.Bigtrees.C.Smallplants. D.Forestanimals.14.Whydotheleavesandbranchesofdifferenttreesavoidtouchingeachother?A.Formoresunl