牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit1单元知识点讲解

牛津译林版8BU1Pastandpresent知识点讲解Teachingobjectives1.知识目标：掌握第一单元的单词和短语2.技能目标：能够理解篇章，解决篇章问题3.情感目标：学生能够学会用语言描述过去发生的事件Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.重点单词用法2.篇章阅读技巧icstrip考点1You'vechanged,Eddie.埃迪，你变了。【知识讲解】change此处用作不及物动词，意为“变化”。此外，changes还可以作及物动词词组：changeAintoB意为“把A变成B”。_______________________turnAintoB1.InEngland,theweatherchangesveryoften.在英格兰，天气时常变化。2.Thegovernmentchangedtheplaceintoabeautifulparklastyear.去年政府将这个地方变成了一个漂亮的公园。3.Nowthegovernmenthasturnedpartofthetowncentreintoanewpark.现在政府已把城镇中心的部分改建成了一个新公园。(教材第8页)4.Thefarmersaretryingtoturnwastelandsintoricefields.农民们正努力把荒地变为稻田。【例题详解】1．（2023下·江苏常州·八年级校考阶段练习）Thecountrylifehewasusedto(change)greatlysince1992.2．（2023下·江苏泰州·八年级统考阶段练习）WiththedevelopmentofChina,thelifewewereusedto(change)greatlyintherecentyears.3．（2023下·江苏泰州·八年级统考阶段练习）There(be)greatchangestothisplaceoverthepast10years.4．（2016上·江苏扬州·八年级统考期中）I’mlookingforwardto__________(share)myjoywithyou.5．（2018下·八年级单元测试）Well,that’sanotherwayIcouldthinkof________(share)thesameideawiththem.考点2.Youusedtosharefoodwithme!你过去常常与我分着吃食物的!【知识讲解】(1)usedto意为“曾经，过去常常”，暗含“现在不再”之意,后接动词原形。1.Myeldersisterusedtobeveryshy.我姐姐过去很害羞。说明此时Eddie不与hobo分享食物了。2.Iusedtoread说明此时Eddie不与hobo分享食物了。我过去常常在晚上读英语，但我现在通常在早上读。(2)share及物动词，意为“共用，分享”。share..withsb.意为“与某人分享/共用....”MaryandIsharearoom.我和玛丽合住一个房间。【例题详解】1．（2024·四川成都·统考一模）Jack______disliketheweatherinChengduinWinter,becauseitiscoldandwet.Butnowhe______it.A．isusedto;usedto B．usedto;isusedto C．wasusedto;isusedto2．（2024上·山东菏泽·九年级统考期末）There________lotsofreadersinthelibrarybefore.However,moreandmorepeople________readingonthemobilephones.Theyarebeing“Phubbers”(低头族).A．usedtobe;areusedto B．wereusedto;areusedto C．usedtobe;areusedby3．（2024下·全国·七年级假期作业）Toomany(rule)makeMollyfeelterrible.4．（2023上·浙江宁波·七年级统考期末）Mymomasksmenottoeattoomany(汉堡包),forthey’renothealthy.5．（2019上·江苏南通·八年级统考期中）Toomuchhomeworkandtoomanyexamsarethemain（原因）ofthestressamongteenagers.Weletotheunit考点3.Well,therewerealwaystoomanypeopleonthebus..嗯，那时在公共汽车上总是有太多......【知识讲解】辨析:toomany,toomuch与muchtootoomany太多中心词是many,太多的其后接可数名词复数Therearetoomanystudentsintheplayground.操场上有太多的学生。toomuch太多的中心词是much其后接不可数名词Thereistoomuchfoodinthefridge.冰箱里有太多的食物。太多常修饰动词，在句中作状语Shetalkedtoomuch.她话说得太多。muchtoo太...中心词是too,其后接形容词或副词Thesewatchesare.Muchtoodear.这些手表太贵了。【例题详解】1．（2023上·黑龙江佳木斯·八年级校联考期末）Don’teat_______food,oryou’llbe_______heavy.A．toomuch;muchtoo B．muchtoo;toomuch C．toomany;muchtoo2．（2023上·山东威海·七年级统考期末）—Whyareyouso________thesedays?

—Well,Ihave________worktodo.A．tired;toomuch B．tiring;toomany C．tired;muchtooReading考点4.Ifirstlivedinthenorthernpartoftownwithmyparents.我最初和我的父母一起住在城镇的北部。【知识详解】northern为形容词，意为“北方的，北部的”，其名词形式为north,意为“北方;北部”。短语：inthenorthernpartof意为“...的北部”，相当于inthenorthof。HelivesinthenorthernpartofChina.他住在中国北方。[拓展]在方位名词后加ern可构成表示方位的形容词,其用法和northern一致:east(n.东方)+ern_______________________eastern(adj.东方的)west(n.西方)+ern_______________________western(adj.西方的)south(n.南方)+ern→southern(adi南方的)north(n.北方)+ern+northern(adj.北方的)【例题讲解】1．（2023下·七年级单元测试）Wewanttobuild(建造)anothernewGreatGreenWall________thenorthernpartofChina.A．among B．acrossC．through D．between2．（2021下·八年级单元测试）Beijing,ourcapitalcity,liesinthe________partofourcountry.A．southeastern B．northern C．southern D．western3．（2022上·广西桂林·九年级统考期中）Giant’sCausewayrunsforseveralhundredmetresonthe(east)coastofNorthernIreland.考点5.WhenIgotmarriedin1965，mywifeandImovedtwoblocksawayandwe’velivedinthisareasincethen.当我1965年结婚时，我和妻了搬到了两个街区以外,此后我们一直住在这里。【知识详解】married为形容词，意为“已婚的，结婚的”。短语：getmarried意为“结婚”。get/bemarriedtosb.意为“与某人结婚”。Myparentsgotmarriedin1995.我父母1995年结的婚。Whendidshegetmarriedtotheman?她什么时候与那个男人结的婚?Areyoumarried?你结婚了吗?Yes.I'mamarriedman.是的。我是一名已婚男子。【例题讲解】1．（2023下·江苏扬州·八年级校考阶段练习）Jack_________Rosein2000.Thatistosay,they________fornearly23years.A．gotmarriedwith;havegotmarried B．gotmarriedto;havemarriedC．married;havebeenmarried D．marriedto;havebeenmarried2．（2023下·江苏无锡·八年级校考阶段练习）Theirparents________in1990,andthey________marriedforthirtythreeyears.A．gotmarried;havebeen B．gotmarried;havegotC．wasmarried;hasbeen D．marriedto;havebeen3．（2023上·江苏南京·八年级校考期末）TomandMaryhavebeen(marry)for10years.4．（2023下·江苏扬州·八年级校考阶段练习）It’smorethanthreeyearssincemybrothergot（marry).5．（2023下·江苏无锡·八年级文林中学校联考阶段练习）Shegot(marry)toarichmanandwentabroad20yearsago.考点6.Hasthetownchangedalotovertheyears?近几年间这个城镇变化大吗?【知识详解】alot此处用作副词短语,意为“很，非常”，常修饰动词、感叹词或形容词/副词的比较级等，在句中作程度状语。Itusuallyrainsalotinthisarea.这个地区经常下很多雨。(修饰动词rains)Yourroomisalotbiggerthanmine.你的房间比我的大得多。(修饰形容词比较级bigger)【例题讲解】1．（北京市20232024学年八下学期期末练习英语试题）Alice________alotaboutChinesecustomssinceshejoinedthecultureclub.A．learns B．learned C．haslearned D．willlearn考点7.Theyoftenputthewasteintotheriver.他们经常把废物排入河中。(教材第9页)【知识讲解】1)o....意为“把.........”Thesoupistoosalty.Youshouldputsomewaterintoit.这汤太咸了，你应当往里面放些水。[拓展]put构成的常用短语（重点知识）:①puton穿上，戴上，上演(戏剧)。Myfatherputonhiscoatandlefttheroom.我父亲穿上外套，离开了房间。Theyaregoingtoputonadrama.他们要上演一场戏剧。②putout扑灭。Themanputoutthefirewithablanket.那个人用毯子把火扑灭了。③putup举起，搭建。Ifyouhavequestionsinclass，youcanputupyourhand.如果在课堂上有问题，你可以举手④putaway收拾好。Youhadbetterputyourbooksandpensawayafteryoufinishyourhomework.你做完作业后最好把书和钢笔收起来。2)waste此处用作不可数名词，意为“废料，废品”Youshouldkeepthewasteinaspecialplace.你应当把这些废物放在一个专门的地方。[注意]waste用作名词时还可意为“浪费”，可以和a连用,awasteof..“浪费....”。Itisawasteofmoneytobuythatkindofthing.买那种东西是浪费钱。【例题详解】1．（2024上·安徽合肥·九年级合肥市第四十五中学校考期末）Recently,aseriesofclassicexhibitionshavebeen________atAnhuiArtMuseum.A．putup B．putaway C．puton D．putthrough2．（2024上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期末）—Ourschoolwill__________somenewlightsinthelibrary.—Great.It’sgoodforoureyes.A．putdown B．putaway C．puton D．putin3．（2024上·江苏泰州·八年级统考期末）Thereissomethingwrongwiththelight.Ithinkweshould________anewoneasquicklyaswecan.A．putin B．putdown C．puton D．putoff4．（2023上·辽宁大连·九年级统考期末）Itistothrowawaytheshoppingbags.(waste)考点8.Laterthegovernmentrealizedtheproblemandtookactiontoimprovethesituation.后来政府意识到了这个问题并采取措施改善了情况。【知识讲解】(1)realize(=realise)此处用作及物动词,意为“意识到”，其后可接名词或从句作宾语。Haveyourealizedthepollutionhere?你意识到这里的污染了吗?(2)takeaction意为“采取行动”。takeactiontodosth.意为“采取行动做某事”。Theytookactiontoprotectwildanimals.他们采取行动保护野生动物。improve此处用作及物动词，意为“改进，改善”,其名词形式为improvement(改善,改进)。IwanttoimprovemyEnglish.我想提高我的英语水平。【例题详解】1．（2023下·江苏扬州·八年级校考阶段练习）Haveyou(realize)thatthepollutionisgettingworse?2．（2022下·江苏无锡·八年级无锡市东林中学校考期中）ThisisthebestwayIcanthinkof(realize)mydream.3．（2022下·江苏南京·八年级南京玄武外国语学校校考期中）(realize)ChinaDreamisourjobinthenextfewyears.4．（2023下·江苏无锡·九年级校考阶段练习）Toprotectthelocalenvironment,thegovernmenthasdecidedtotake(far)action.5．（2023上·云南临沧·九年级统考期末）________andworkhardforit,andyouwillgetwhateveryouwant.A．Takeoff B．Takeup C．Takeaction D．Takeplace6．（2024上·甘肃酒泉·九年级校联考期末）Weneedto________tosavewildanimalsindanger.A．takeoff B．takedown C．takeaction D．takeafter7．（2022下·江苏南京·八年级校考期中）ThepublictransportinNanjing(improve)alotinthepasttenyears.8．（2023下·江苏扬州·八年级校考阶段练习）Asweknow,weshouldspendasmuchtimeaswecan(improve)ourskills.考点9.Nowtheriverismuchcleaner.现在这条河干净多了。【知识讲解】much此处用来修饰比较级，意为....得多”。muchcleaner意为“干净得多”。Ihavemuchmoretimethanyou.我的时间比你的多得多。能够修饰形容词副词比较级的词短语有：①alittlebit意为“一点儿，稍微”Canyoualittlebitearlier下次你能稍早一点儿来吗?②even意为“甚至，更”。Thistimehediditevenworse.这次他做得甚至更糟糕。【例题详解】1．（2024上·江苏扬州·八年级统考期末）AftertakingacourseinDIY,heismuchaboutitthanbefore.(crazy)2．（2023上·甘肃天水·九年级统考期末）I’mgettingmuch(fat).HowcanIloseweight?3．（2022上·江苏淮安·八年级统考期中）Thesportsmeeting(take)placelastSaturday.4．（2023下·全国·八年级期末）Greatchanges(take)placeinourcountryduringthepast20years.考点9.Well,insomewaysitis.嗯，在某种程度上是这样的。(教材第9页)【知识讲解】insomeways意为“在某种程度上，在某些方面”。Insomewaysheisagoodstudentbecauseheishelpful.从某种程度上来说他是个好学生，因为他乐于助人。Shehaschangedalotinsomeways.在某些方面她已改变了很多。【例题详解】1．（2023上·江苏盐城·八年级统考期末）Helikesplayingtricksonothers.But________,heisagoodboy.Heoftenhelpsothers.A．insomeways B．inthisway C．inthatway D．ontheway2．（2018·江苏淮安·校联考二模）InBritain,peoplewon’tpushpastyouifyouare________.Theywillwaituntilyoumoveaway.A．bytheway B．ontheway C．intheway D．insomeways考点10.NowIfeelabitlonelyfromtimetotime.现在我时不时会觉得有点儿孤独。【知识讲解】1)辨析:lonely与alonelonely形容词“寂寞的，孤单的”强调人内心的感受，可以作表语或定语“偏僻的，荒凉的，人迹罕至的”只能在名词前作定语alone形容词或副词“单独，独自作形容词时，通常用形容词作表语或宾语补足语，不能作前置定语作副词时，常修饰动词作状语IneverfeellonelywhenIamalone.我一个人时从不感到寂寞。Theoldmanlivesaloneonthehill.那个老人独自一人在山上居住。（2）fromtimetotime意为“不时，有时，偶尔”,相当于sometimes或attimes.Shehastoworkatweekendsfromtimetotime.周末她偶尔得上班。Hetellsajokefromtimetotimetomakeuslaugh他时不时地讲个笑话让我们大笑。【例题详解】1．（2024上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）ReadthepoemFishinginSnowbyLiuZongyuan.Itisabout________.FishinginSnowLiuZongyuanFromhilltohillnobirdinflight;Frompathtopathnomaninsight.Alonelyfishermanafloatisfishingsnowinlonelyboat.A．sights B．geography C．festivals D．history2．（2023上·甘肃陇南·八年级统考期末）Ihave________friendsinourclass,soIoftenfeel________.A．afew,lonely B．few,alone C．few,lonely D．afew,alone3．（2024上·黑龙江绥化·八年级统考期末）Theoldmanlives________inthehouse,hefeels________.A．alone;alone B．lonely;lonely C．alone;lonely4．（2023上·黑龙江绥化·八年级统考期末）Mygrandmalives________,butshedoesn’tfeel________.A．lonely;alone B．alone;lonely C．alone;alone考点11.nothappybecauseofbeingalone因为独自一人而不高兴(教材第10页)【知识讲解】辨析:becauseof与because两者都意为“因为”，但用法不同。①Becauseof介词短语后跟名词、代词或动名词(短语)等②because连词后跟从句Hehaspooreyesightbecauseofworkingtoomuchinfrontoftheputer.由于长期在电脑前工作,他视力很差。Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.他因生病而没去，上学。【例题详解】1．（2024·新疆克孜勒苏·统考一模）Themanwaslateforwork________theheavysnow.A．because B．thanksto C．becauseof D．for2．（2024上·西藏林芝·九年级统考期末）________thekindpeoplearound,thelittleboywassenttohospitalintime.A．Thanksto B．ThanksforC．Because D．Becauseof考点12.AmazingchangeshavetakenplaceinSunshineTown.在阳光城发生了令人惊叹的变化。【知识讲解】takeplace意为“发生”，与happen意思相近,但用法有区别。takeplace常指经过安排而发生，而happen常指偶然发生，它们都不能用于被动语态。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.我的家乡发生了巨大变化。Doyouknowwhatwillhappeninonehundredyears?你知道100年后会发生什么吗?【例题详解】1．（2024上·上海浦东新·八年级上海市建平中学西校校考期末）OurschoolsportsmeetingtakesplaceattheendofOctobereveryyear.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.A．happens B．isheld C．ishappened D．holds2．（2023上·安徽宣城·八年级统考期末）Theschoolsportsmeetingwill________nextweek.Wearelookingforwardtoit.A．takeplace B．takeoff C．happen D．takeaction3．（2023上·江苏宿迁·八年级统考期末）—________doestheWorldCuptakeplace?—Everyfouryears.IttookplaceinQatarthisyear.A．Howoften B．Howlong C．Howmuch D．Howsoon考点13.TellmemoreaboutyourinterviewwithMrChen,Millie.米莉，告诉我更多有关你对陈先生的采访的内容。【知识讲解】interview此处用作可数名词，意为“采访;访谈”，还可意为“会见”。haveaninterviewwithsb.意为“采访某人”。JohngaveaninterviewtoTom.约翰接受了汤姆的采访。Thereporterishavinganinterviewwiththefilmstar.那位记者正在采访那位电影明星。【例题详解】1．（2024·西藏拉萨·统考一模）Ourteacher________bythelocalnewspaper.A．interviewed B．wasinterviewed C．wasinterviewing D．interview2．（2024上·广东深圳·七年级深圳市高级中学校考期末）Theyoungreporterisnervousbecausehe(interview)thefamousactortomorrow.3．（2024上·广东深圳·七年级统考期末）Asareporter,sheoften(interview)lotsoffamouspeople.【句型综合】代词it用法It可以作形式主语。当不定式、动名词、从句等用作句子主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 it作形式主语的句型：Itis+adjective+(of/for…)+to…做某事情对某人来说是…Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人花费…做某事It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做…It’stime(forsb.)todosth.是（某人）做某事的时候了Itissaid/reported/…that…据说/报道…Itis/hasbeen+时段+since+从句(过去时)自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。考点14.Ittookalongtimetowaitforthenextone.....而且等下一班公共汽车要用很长时间。【考点讲解】Ittakes/took(sb.)sometimetodosth.是固定句型，意为“做某事花费(某人)一些时间”,it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。【例题详解】1.从公共汽车站乘车到学校大约需要10分钟。_______________________________________________________2.昨天晚上做作业花了我一个小时的时间。_______________________________________________________考点15.It'sreallynicetohaveabeautifulmodemtown.拥有一座美丽的现代化城镇的确很好。【考点讲解】Itis+形容词+todosth.意为“做某事是....的”。在此句式中it作形式主语，而将真正的主语动词不定式放在后面。Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.学好一门外语不容易。[拓展]在“Itis+形容词+todosth."这句式中，如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个for/of引起的短语，作不定式的逻辑主语。其中作表语的形容词是important,necessary,easy，difficult等描述事物特征的形容词时，用for引起的短语;作表语的形容词是kind,clever,foolish,polite等描述人的性格、品质的形容词时，则用of引起的短语。Itisimportantforyoutostudyhard.努力学习对你很重要。Itisverykindofyoutolendmesomuchmoney.你真好，借给我这么多钱。【例题详解】1．（2022上·江苏南京·八年级校考期末）对大学生们来说，给乡村地区的孩子们上课是件非常有意义的事。Judythinksitisteachchildren.2．（2022上·江苏常州·八年级统考期中）那个小男孩很难独自解出这道数学题。It’sveryhard.3．（2023·江苏常州·校考一模）对他来说，和同龄人友好相处是多么必要啊！Hownecessaryitisforhim!考点16.Ithasbeeimpossibleforustoseeeachotherasoftenasbefore.对于我们来说再像以前那样经常互相见面是不可能了。【考点讲解】1)impossible形容词，意为“不可能的”。impossible是由形容词possible加否定前缀im构成的。(2)as..as...意为.......”中间用形容词或副词原级。as..as....的否定形式是notas/so...as...,意为“不如....”Myyoungersisterisastallasme.我妹妹和我一样高。Tomdoesn'tsingas/sowellasLucy.汤姆唱歌不如露西唱得好。【例题详解】1.Theheavysnowmadeit____________(impossible)formetomakeabigsnowman.2.IfyouwanttospeakEnglishwell,youneedtopracticeasmuchas_____(impossible)withyourfriend.考点17.Whatwasthetownlikeinthepast?过去这个城镇是什么样子?【考点详解】What'ssb./sth.like?意为“某人是个什么样的人?/某物怎么样?”，一般用来询问某人的性格或某物的特征。也可询问人的外貌或物品的外部特征。一What'sTomlike?汤姆是个什么样的人?Heisveryshy.他很害羞。【例题讲解】1.—What'syourcousinMeimeilike?—She__，A.likessingingB.isshyandquietc.isinGrade3D.isflyingakite【知识回顾】1.Thegovernment__________theplace__________abeautifulparklastyear.去年政府将这个地方变成了一个漂亮的公园。2.Thefarmersaretryingto__________wastelands__________ricefields.农民们正努力把荒地变为稻田。3.I__________readEnglishintheevening,butnowIusuallyreaditinthemorning.我过去常常在晚上读英语，但我现在通常在早上读。4.Ifirstlived__________townwithmyparents.我最初和我的父母一起住在城镇的北部。5.Myparents__________in1995.我父母1995年结的婚。6.Itusually__________inthisarea.这个地区经常下很多雨。(修饰动词rains)7.Theman__________thefirewithablanket.那个人用毯子把火扑灭了。8.Ifyouhavequestionsinclass，youcan__________yourhand.如果在课堂上有问题，你可以举手9.Youhadbetter__________afteryoufinishyourhomework.你做完作业后最好把书和钢笔收起来。10.Itisa__________ofmoneytobuythatkindofthing.买那种东西是浪费钱。11.Laterthegovernment__________theproblemand__________to__________thesituation.后来政府意识到了这个问题并采取措施改善了情况。12.Nowtheriveris__________.现在这条河干净多了。13.Well,__________itis.嗯，在某种程度上是这样的。14.NowI__________fromtimetotime.现在我时不时会觉得有点儿孤独。15.nothappy__________beingalone因为独自一人而不高兴。16.Amazingchangeshave__________inSunshineTown.在阳光城发生了令人惊叹的变化。17.Tellmemoreaboutyour__________withMrChen,Millie.米莉，告诉我更多有关你对陈先生的采访的内容。18.__________tookalongtime__________thenextone.而且等下一班公共汽车要用很长时间。19.__________'sreally__________tohaveabeautifulmodemtown.拥有一座美丽的现代化城镇的确很好。20.__________hasbee__________forus__________asoftenasbefore.对于我们来说再像以前那样经常互相见面是不可能了。21.__________thetown__________inthepast?过去这个城镇是什么样子?【阅读提升】阅读理解中的“找定推”原则：初中的阅读理解更多地考察学生的寻找信息线索的能力，因此，运用找找题干中的关键词（并同时思考关键词的同义表达），定定位关键词出现的具体位置，推根据具体出现的位置推理出正确的答案即可将正确答案锁定。【例题讲解】例：（2023下·江苏淮安·八年级校考第一次月考）Johnwasnineyearsold,andhewasaverybadboy,buthismotheralwayswantedhimtobebetter,Thenoneday,afterhecamebackfromschool,John’steachercalledhismotheronthephoneandsaid,“Didyouknow,MrsGreen,thatJohnsavedanotherboywhenhefellintotheriverwhilewewereoutforawalkthismorning?”MrsGreenwasveryhappywhensheheardthis,shethought,“Johnisbeingagoodboy.”Thensheturnedtohimandsaid,“Thatwasyourteacher,whywereyousobravetosaveoneofyourfriendswhenhefellintotheriverthismorning?”ButJohndidnotlookveryhappywhenheheardthis.Hisfaceturnedveryred,andsaid,“Well,Ireallyhadtopull(拉)himout,becauseIpushedhimin.”1．TheteachertoldJohn’smotheraboutJohn________.A．byanote B．byaletter C．overtheradio D．overthetelephone找关键词标红部分，定位第三行出现该关键词得出答案D2．Hismotherwantedhimtobe________.A．abadboy B．agoodboy C．acleverboy D．afoolishboy找关键词标红部分，定位第二行出现该关键词得出答案B【真题演练】（2023下·江苏淮安·八年级第一次月考）ArrivinginNewYork

TherearethreeairportsinNewYork.Whenyouarriveatoneofthem.youcantakeabusorataxitoanyplaceinNewYork.PublictransportInNewYorkthereisagoodbusandsubway(地铁)service.Ifyouareplanningtousethesubwayalot,youshouldbuyasubwayticketfortenjourneysbecauseit’scheaper.Butyoudon’thavetousepublictransport—therearelotsofplacesyoucangotoonfoot,liketheEmpireStateBuilding(帝国大厦),5thAvenue(大街)andCentralPark.TheNewYorktaxisareapartofthecityexperience,soyoushouldtakeatleastonetaxiduringyourvisit.Hotels

TherearelotsofgoodhotelsinNewYork.ThebestisthePlazaon5thAvenuebutyoudon’thavetopayalottostayinthecity,therearelotsofsmallerhotelsandtheYMCAnearCentralParkisgreatforyoungpeople.EatingoutTherearemanykindsoffoodinNewYorkandyoushouldn’teatatMcDonald’severyday.TherearegoodrestaurantsinlittleItalyandChinatown,forexample.Shopping

ShoppinginNewYorkisfun.Therearebigshopson5thAvenue.Theyareopensevendaysaweek.Butbecarefulwhenyoulookattheprices,youhavetopayaspecial8%tax(税)oneverythingyoubuyinNewYork.Placestosee

Finally,therearealotofplacestoseeinNewYork—TimesSquare,theStatueofLiberty.Andyoushouldn’tgohomewithoutclimbingtheStatueofLibertytoenjoythesceneryofthecity.1．Howmanykindsofpublictransportarementioned(提到)inthesecondparagraph?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.2．“ThePlaza”hereisthenameof________.A．arestaurant B．ahotel C．anairport D．ashop3．Howmuchdoyouhavetopayifyoubuyabookof$10inNewYork?A．$10.8. B．$10.08. C．$18. D．$10.4．WhenyouvisitNewYork,youshould________.A．eatatMcDonald’severyday B．takeataxiwheneveryougooutC．stayatthebesthotel D．climbtheStatueofLiberty5．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A．peoplecanvisitmanyplacesofinterestinNewYorkonfootB．peoplemusttravelbypublictransportinNewYorkC．NewYorkisnotagoodplaceforshoppingD．peoplehavetoeatonlyonekindoffoodinNewYork（2023下·江苏扬州·八年级校考阶段练习）Lotsoftimes,Papwouldlockmeinthewoodenhouseandgoaway.Papwasprettycarefulnottoleaveaknifeoranythinginthecabinwhilehewasgone.ButIfinallygotsomething—asaw,andstartedsawinghardtohelpmyselfout.AssoonasIheardPapingupfromtown,Ihidthesawandwaited.Hecameinangrily,"GetouttotheboatandgetwhatIbroughtfromtown."Itwasgoodtobeoutsideagain,evenifitwasforjustafewminutes.IfIwantedto,Icouldtakeoffrunningrightnow.I'djustrunaway,butthat'swhenPapyelled,"Boy,areyouasleepordrowned?"Atdinnertime,Pap'ddranktoomuchandfellasleeponthefloor.Ithoughtabouttakingthekeyfromhispocketquietly,buthewashavingarestlesssleep.Iwaitedforhimtosettledown,butthenIgottootiredandfellasleep.ItwasaftersunupwhenPapwokeme."Getoutthereandcatchussomefish,"heordered.Iheadedoutandsawsomethingelsefloatingtowardmeintheriver.Itwasacanoe(独木舟).Ijumpedinandswamovertoit.Itwasemptyinside,thenIhadagoodidea.Ipulledthatcanoeupandhiditbehindsomebushes.WhenIhadmychance,I'dgodowntheriverinthecanoe.Noonewouldeverfindme.Papgotangrywhenhesawmeback,wetallover.SoIgotlockedinsidethecabinagain.OncePapsetofffortown,Ihadmychance.WhenIwasreadytorunoffthroughtheholeIcutwiththesaw,IrealizedPapwouldknowI'drunaway.SoIsmashedthedoorwithanax.ThenIfoundawildpiglyingdeadinthewoodsanddrippedsomeofitsbloodonthecabinfloor.Ipulledoutsomeofmyhairanddroppeditonthefloor,too.6．Accordingtothestory,Papis____________.A．rudeandimpatient B．carelessandselfishC．seriousandhardworking D．lazyandforgetful7．Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A．"I"wasquitegoodathuntingwildpigs.B．"I"plannedtoescapewiththehelpofthecanoe.C．Papleftnothingsharpinthecabintoprotect"me".D．Papasked"me"towaitforhimtowakeupafterdinner.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"restless"mean?A．打鼾的. B．辗转反侧的. C．香甜的. D．平躺的.9．ItissuggestedinParagraph6that"I"didallthesethingsbecause____________.A．"I"wasverynaughtyandwasplayingatrickB．"I"wantedtomakePapworriedandcarefor"me"C．Papwouldthink"me"deadandstoplookingfor"me"D．Papwouldbeafraidandnotlock"me"inthecabinanymore（2023下·江苏扬州·八年级校考阶段练习）Haveyoueverdreamedoftravelinginspace?Formanykids,staringatthestarsleadstodaydreamsaboutwhatitwouldbeliketobeanastronaut.Justthinkabouthowamazingitwouldbetosetfootonthemoonoranotherplanet!Althoughitsoundslikeitwouldbegreatfuntotraveltoouterspace,itwouldbealotofwork,too.Travelingtoouterspaceneedslotsandlotsofpreparation.Onceyouareinspace,nothingcaneonboardtheshipandnothingcangoout.Youmusttakeallyouneedintoouterspacetokeepyourselfalive.Let’scallthesethings“inputs”,includingfood,waterandoxygen.Everyinputcreatesanoutput.Ifyouopenaboxofcookiesforbreakfast,whatwillyoudowiththeboxwhenit’sempty?Everypieceofrubbishyoucreateinspacewillremainontheshipwithyou.Yourbodywillalsooutputfoodandwater.Sincenothingcanleavethespaceship,youwillhavetothinkofanotherwaytodealwiththesebodilywastes.Evenbreathingcreatesanoutputcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）!It’struethatplantsdependoncarbondioxideinthesamewayhumansdependonoxygentobreathe.However,plantshaveotherinputneeds.Ifyoutakeabananatreewithyou,youwillneedtobringenoughwatertokeepitalive.Youmustalsoconsideranothertypeofoutputrubbishintheshipaftertakingthefruitassnacksthebananapeel.Seehowcarefullyyouhavetoplanforatriptoouterspace?Howcanyouplanyouractionsonearthtohavetheleastinfluenceontheenvironmentandyourfuture?Notonlydoyouhavetothinkaboutallthethingsyou’llneed,youwillalsohavetoconsidertheinfluenceofthosethingsbecauseofthewastestheymaycreate.10．Whatdoweknowabouttheinputinspace?A．Itwillmakeastronautssleepy. B．Itonlymeansthingstoeatanddrink.C．Itisquiteimportanttoastronauts. D．Itcanhelpastronautsdealwithrubbish.11．Whichofthefollowingisan“output”accordingtoparagraph3?A．somecookies B．foodandwater C．youroxygenmask D．theemptycookiebox12．Whatdoesthe4thparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Thereasonwhybreathingcreatesanoutput.B．Awaytoplantabananatreeinspacesuccessfully.C．Thereasonwhyplantsdependoncarbondioxide.D．Awaytodealwithcarbondioxideinthespaceship.13．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howtoprepareforatriptoouterspace B．HowtodealwithwastesinthespaceshipC．Differencesbetweeninputsandoutputs D．Differentwaystodealwithwastesinspaceicstrip考点1You'vechanged,Eddie.埃迪，你变了。【知识讲解】change此处用作不及物动词，意为“变化”。此外，changes还可以作及物动词词组：changeAintoB意为“把A变成B”。_______________________turnAintoB1.InEngland,theweatherchangesveryoften.在英格兰，天气时常变化。2.Thegovernmentchangedtheplaceintoabeautifulparklastyear.去年政府将这个地方变成了一个漂亮的公园。3.Nowthegovernmenthasturnedpartofthetowncentreintoanewpark.现在政府已把城镇中心的部分改建成了一个新公园。(教材第8页)4.Thefarmersaretryingtoturnwastelandsintoricefields.农民们正努力把荒地变为稻田。【例题详解】1．（2023下·江苏常州·八年级校考阶段练习）Thecountrylifehewasusedto(change)greatlysince1992.【答案】haschanged2．（2023下·江苏泰州·八年级统考阶段练习）WiththedevelopmentofChina,thelifewewereusedto(change)greatlyintherecentyears.【答案】haschanged3．（2023下·江苏泰州·八年级统考阶段练习）There(be)greatchangestothisplaceoverthepast10years.【答案】havebeen4．（2016上·江苏扬州·八年级统考期中）I’mlookingforwardto__________(share)myjoywithyou.【答案】sharing5．（2018下·八年级单元测试）Well,that’sanotherwayIcouldthinkof________(share)thesameideawiththem.【答案】toshare考点2.Youusedtosharefoodwithme!你过去常常与我分着吃食物的!【知识讲解】(1)usedto意为“曾经，过去常常”，暗含“现在不再”之意,后接动词原形。1.Myeldersisterusedtobeveryshy.我姐姐过去很害羞。说明此时Eddie不与hobo分享食物了。2.Iusedtoread说明此时Eddie不与hobo分享食物了。我过去常常在晚上读英语，但我现在通常在早上读。(2)share及物动词，意为“共用，分享”。share..withsb.意为“与某人分享/共用....”MaryandIsharearoom.我和玛丽合住一个房间。【例题详解】1．（2024·四川成都·统考一模）Jack______disliketheweatherinChengduinWinter,becauseitiscoldandwet.Butnowhe______it.A．isusedto;usedto B．usedto;isusedto C．wasusedto;isusedto【答案】B2．（2024上·山东菏泽·九年级统考期末）There________lotsofreadersinthelibrarybefore.However,moreandmorepeople________readingonthemobilephones.Theyarebeing“Phubbers”(低头族).A．usedtobe;areusedto B．wereusedto;areusedto C．usedtobe;areusedby【答案】A3．（2024下·全国·七年级假期作业）Toomany(rule)makeMollyfeelterrible.【答案】rules4．（2023上·浙江宁波·七年级统考期末）Mymomasksmenottoeattoomany(汉堡包),forthey’renothealthy.【答案】hamburgers/burgers5．（2019上·江苏南通·八年级统考期中）Toomuchhomeworkandtoomanyexamsarethemain（原因）ofthestressamongteenagers.【答案】causesWeletotheunit考点3.Well,therewerealwaystoomanypeopleonthebus..嗯，那时在公共汽车上总是有太多......【知识讲解】辨析:toomany,toomuch与muchtootoomany太多中心词是many,太多的其后接可数名词复数Therearetoomanystudentsintheplayground.操场上有太多的学生。toomuch太多的中心词是much其后接不可数名词Thereistoomuchfoodinthefridge.冰箱里有太多的食物。太多常修饰动词，在句中作状语Shetalkedtoomuch.她话说得太多。muchtoo太...中心词是too,其后接形容词或副词Thesewatchesare.Muchtoodear.这些手表太贵了。【例题详解】1．（2023上·黑龙江佳木斯·八年级校联考期末）Don’teat_______food,oryou’llbe_______heavy.A．toomuch;muchtoo B．muchtoo;toomuch C．toomany;muchtoo【答案】A2．（2023上·山东威海·七年级统考期末）—Whyareyouso________thesedays?

—Well,Ihave__