适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习高考题型组合练Unit3Fasterhigherstronger课件外研版选择性必修第一册

Unit3

Faster,higher,strongerⅠ.阅读理解ⅠⅡⅢⅣARecently,abigchangequietlytookplaceinagriculture.Yetneitherdroughtnorfrostiseveraconcernforgrowersofplantscurrentlygrowninsidelargegreenhouses.Vegetablesareincreasinglybeinggrownindoors,usinganadvancedformofgrowingcalledcontrolledenvironmentagriculture,amethodthathasthepotentialtohelpfeedtheplanet,evenwhileitthreatenstofurtherwarmit.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣControlledenvironmentagriculturehasmanyadvantages.Cropsarenotsubjecttounexpectedextremeweather.Furthermore,thesegreenhousescanproducemorefoodwithfewerpesticidesandlesswater.Withcomputer-controlledtemperaturesandnutrients,theplantsgrowwithlesswaterandproducemuchhigheryields.Aboveall,theproducecanbebredforflavor,insteadoffortolerancetoheat,rainandlong-distancetransport.ⅠⅡⅢⅣThecarbonfootprintofanygivengreenhousetomatocanvaryquiteabitdependingonenergysources,surroundingtemperaturesandnaturallight.Butvariousstudieshaveestimatedthat,onaverage,theproductionofapoundoftomatoesinanAmericanorNorthernEuropeangreenhousereleases3to3.5poundsofcarbonintotheatmosphere.Thatisabout6timesthecarbonfootprintofafieldtomato,eventakingintoaccounttheemissionsfromrefrigeratedtrucksthatoftentransportfieldvegetableshundredsoreventhousandsofmilestoreachconsumers.Greenhouses,bycontrast,canbebuiltnearmajorpopulationcenters.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的农业种植方式——控制环境农业方式,该方法有可能帮助养活地球上的人们,尽管它可能会进一步使地球变暖。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“abigchange”inparagraph1referto?A.Therapidincreaseofpopulation.B.Thethreatensofwarmingtheplanet.C.Thewaytodealwithnaturaldisasters.D.Thetendencytogrowvegetablesindoors.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案

D

解析

词义猜测题。根据画线词组下文“Yet

neither

drought

nor

frost

is

ever

a

concern

for

growers

of

plants

currently

grown

inside

large

greenhouses.Vegetables

are

increasingly

being

grown

indoors,using

an

advanced

form

of

growing

called

controlled

environment

agriculture,a

method

that

has

the

potential

to

help

feed

the

planet,even

while

it

threatens

to

further

warm

it.”可知,作者所谓的农业发生了重大变化,指的是越来越多的人在室内种植蔬菜。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.Whatdoescontrolledenvironmentagriculturemainlyfocuson?A.Makingcropstastegood.B.Plantingcropswithlesswater.C.Growingcropsinextremeweather.D.Transportingcropsfromalongdistance.答案

A

解析

细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Above

all,the

produce

can

be

bred

for

flavor,instead

of

for

tolerance

to

heat,rain

and

long-distance

transport.”可知,这种种植方式的重点是为了农产品的风味,也就是为了让这些农产品尝起来更好。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.WhatdoweknowaboutAmericangreenhousetomatoes?A.Theyarenothigh-yieldingcrops.B.Theyarenotreallyenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Theyaregrownfarfrompopulationcenters.D.TheyaremainlyexportedtoNorthernEurope.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案

B

解析

推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“But

various

studies

have

estimated

that,on

average,the

production

of

a

pound

of

tomatoes

in

an

American

or

Northern

European

greenhouse

releases

3

to

3.5

pounds

of

carbon

into

the

atmosphere.That

is

about

6

times

the

carbon

footprint

of

a

field

tomato,even

taking

into

account

the

emissions

from

refrigerated

trucks

that

often

transport

field

vegetables

hundreds

or

even

thousands

of

miles

to

reach

consumers.”可知,在美国温室培育西红柿所排放的碳要远比在田间培育西红柿多得多,也就是说它们根本不环保。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaytheadvocatesagreewith?A.Greenhouseplantingisanecessarytemporizingmeasure.B.Greenhouseplantingistailoredforsmall-populationnations.C.Greenhouseplantingcanhelpspreadtheideaofhealthyeating.D.Greenhouseplantingshouldbestoppedfromwarmingtheworld.答案

A

解析

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,支持这种种植方式的人认为,即便这种种植方式会排放温室气体,但是为了地球上的人们,这种种植方式是必要的权宜之计。故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣBCivilizationbeganwithagriculture,andthoughhumanityhaschangedsignificantly,agricultureremainsveryimportant.Incertaincountries,itssignificanceismoreapparent,buttherealityisthateverycountryintheworlddependsonagricultureforonethingoranother.Itprovidesemployment.Whetherit’sworkingasafarmer,aharvester,atechnicianforfarmequipmentorascientist,thereareplentyofjobsavailableinthisfield.Indevelopingcountries,agriculturaljobshelpreducehighratesofunemployment.ⅠⅡⅢⅣIt’scrucialtoacountry’sdevelopment.Economicdevelopmentistiedtoacountry’sagriculturalsector.Whentrade,nationalavenue,andemploymentarecombinedinapositiveway,acountryenjoysreducedpovertyandboostedeconomicgrowth.Becausestrongagricultureresultsinbenefitsfairlyquickly,focusingonitisoneofthebestwaystospeedupdevelopmentandimproveacountry’sstandingacrosstheglobe.Itdrivesinnovationintechnology.Becausehealthyagricultureissoessentialtoacountry’swell-being,it’sbeenthesettingofsomeofthemostexcitinginnovationsintechnology.Throughartificialintelligence,blockchainsoftware,andmore,scientistsandfarmershavebeenfiguringoutwaystoⅠⅡⅢⅣincreasecropproductivity,uselesswater,andreducenegativeimpactsontheenvironment.Forscientistsandtechcompanies,agribusinessisoneofthemostfascinatingandproductivefieldstoworkin.It’sthesourceofourfoodsupply.Arguably,themostimportantaspectofagricultureisthatit’sthesourceoftheworld’sfoodsupply.Nomatterwhereorwhatyouareeating,theingredientsinyourmealscomefromsomewhere.Allroadsleadtoagriculture.Incountriesdealingwithfoodinsecurityandseveremalnutrition,theiragriculturalsectorsaresuffering.Whenagriculturethrives(蓬勃发展),fewerpeoplegohungry.ⅠⅡⅢⅣItcanhelphealtheenvironment.Agriculturepossessesthepowertocauseharmorheal.Whenfarmersprioritizebiodiversityontheirland,itbenefitstheearth.Havingmorebiodiversityresultsinhealthiersoil,betterwaterconservation,andhealthierpollinators(传粉者).Allinall,agricultureplaysacriticalroleintheentirelifeofagiveneconomy.Agriculturecultureisthebackboneoftheeconomicsystemofagivencountry.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。农业在一个特定经济体的整个生命周期中起着至关重要的作用,是一个国家经济体系的支柱。文章主要介绍了农业的重要性。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Whatisthetopicofthearticle?A.Civilization. B.Agriculture.C.Economy. D.Environment.答案

B

解析

主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章第一段“Civilization

began

with

agriculture,and

though

humanity

has

changed

significantly,agriculture

remains

very

important.In

certain

countries,its

significance

is

more

apparent,but

the

reality

is

that

every

country

in

the

world

depends

on

agriculture

for

one

thing

or

another.”指出农业是很重要的,接着第二、三、四、五、六段从不同的方面具体介绍了农业的作用;最后一段对文章进行总结,指出农业的重要地位,由此可知,文章的主题是农业,故选B项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.Whatisexpectedtobeachievedbyusingtechnologyinagriculture?A.Sustainabledevelopment.B.Soundeconomicsystems.C.Lowunemploymentrates.D.Worldwidefoodsecurity.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案

A

解析

推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Through

artificial

intelligence,blockchain

software,and

more,scientists

and

farmers

have

been

figuring

out

ways

to

increase

crop

productivity,use

less

water,and

reduce

negative

impacts

on

the

environment.”可知,在农业中使用技术能提高作物产量,减少用水量,并减少对环境的负面影响,由此可推知,将技术应用到农业中有望实现农业的可持续发展。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.Whatdoestheauthormeanbyusingtheword“Arguably”inparagraph5?A.Heiscriticalaboutsuchabelief.B.Heisdoubtfulabouttheimportance.C.Heiscertainabouthisstatement.D.Heisconcernedaboutfoodinsecurity.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案

C

解析

推理判断题。根据第五段中画线单词所在句子“Arguably,the

most

important

aspect

of

agriculture

is

that

it’s

the

source

of

the

world’s

food

supply.No

matter

where

or

what

you

are

eating,the

ingredients

in

your

meals

come

from

somewhere.All

roads

lead

to

agriculture.”可知,作者论证了农业是我们食物的来源,由此可推知,作者使用“Arguably”这个单词是为了表明对自己的陈述很肯定。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thedevelopmentofagriculture.B.Thediversityoffarmproducts.C.Thesignificanceoflandfarming.D.Theoriginofhumancivilization.答案

C

解析

主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是最后一段“All

in

all,agriculture

plays

a

critical

role

in

the

entire

life

of

a

given

economy.Agriculture

culture

is

the

backbone

of

the

economic

system

of

a

given

country.”可知,文章主要介绍农业的重要性。Ⅱ.七选五ⅠⅡⅢⅣVegan

AgricultureVeganfarming(全素农业)hasbecomemoreandmorepopular.Itisoneofthemostenvironmentally-friendlyformsofagriculture.Veganfarmingisagoodwaytogrowplantssuchasvegetableswithoutusinganimal-derivedmaterialssuchastheirwaste.

1

Suchanapproachtofarmingalsohelpspreservetheenvironmentandregainsoilrichnessandimproveitsbiodiversity.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2

Organicfarmingusesnaturalproductstogrowplants—thatcanincludeevenanimalwasteasfertilizers.Ontheotherhand,veganagriculturerejectsanimal-derivedproductsandusuallystickswithplant-basedorganiccompounds,whichmeansthat,ingeneral,veganagriculturehasstricterrulesthanorganicfarming.

Additionally,veganfarmingusuallychoosesmorenaturalwaystoprotecttheplants,likebreakingcyclesofplants’diseaseswithmixedcropping(混作),usingmechanicalbarrierssuchasnets,orevenattractingopposingorganismstofighttheharmfulones.

3

However,theymightbelesseffectiveagainstcertainplantdiseasesorpests.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣOneofthereasonstoinvestinveganagricultureisthattheveganwayoffarmingreplacessynthetic(合成的)pesticidesandusesorganicpesticidesorothernon-chemicalmethodstoprotectthecrops.Bycontrast,inconventionalagriculture,syntheticpesticidesareonaveryhighlevel.

4

Inthefuture,itisofgreatsignificancenottorelyonanimals’wasteforfeedingplants.Doingsoisnotonlybeneficialtovegans.

5

Eveniftoday’smethodsofveganagriculturemightnotbeperfect,scientistsworldwide,togetherwithveganfarmers,areworkingtowardsdevelopingplant-basedsolutionsasalternativestoanimal-derivedfertilizers.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣA.Accordingly,theamountofitinfoodproductsismuchhigher.B.Itisapparentthatveganagricultureisnotthesameasanorganicone.C.Intoday’sworld,thevegandietandlifestyleareincreasinglypopular.D.Butit’salsogoodforthewholeworld,includingotheranimalsandplants.E.Thosewaysaffecttheenvironmentlessthanthewaysoftraditionalfarming.F.Theriseofveganismcreatesnewdemandformorevegan-friendlyagriculture.G.Also,veganfarmersarefarfromapplyingsyntheticfertilizers.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案及解析

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了全素农业的优势。1.G

由设空处前一句“Vegan

farming

is

a

good

way

to

grow

plants

such

as

vegetables

without

using

animal-derived

materials

such

as

their

waste.”和后一句“Such

an

approach

to

farming

also

helps

preserve

the

environment

and

regain

soil

richness

and

improve

its

biodiversity.”可知,设空处仍在说全素农业的好处。G项“Also,vegan

farmers

are

far

from

applying

synthetic

fertilizers.(全素种植者也绝不会使用合成肥料。)”符合题意。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.B

本段最后一句“On

the

other

hand,vegan

agriculture

rejects

animal-derived

products

and

usually

sticks

with

plant-based

organic

compounds,which

means

that,in

general,vegan

agriculture

has

stricter

rules

than

organic

farming.”可知,本段在说全素农业与有机农业是不一样的。结合选项,B项“It

is

apparent

that

vegan

agriculture

is

not

the

same

as

an

organic

one.(很明显,全素农业和有机农业是不一样的。)”符合题意。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.E

上文“Additionally,vegan

farming

usually

chooses

more

natural

ways

to

protect

the

plants,like

breaking

cycles

of

plants’

diseases

with

mixed

cropping(混作),using

mechanical

barriers

such

as

nets,or

even

attracting

opposing

organisms

to

fight

the

harmful

ones.”介绍全素农业通常选择更自然的方式来保护植物。下文“However,they

might

be

less

effective

against

certain

plant

diseases

or

pests.”介绍这种方法的弊端,且为转折关系。可推知空处应是这种方法的优势。结合选项,E项“Those

ways

affect

the

environment

less

than

the

ways

of

traditional

farming.(那些方式对环境的影响比传统农业方式要小。)”符合语境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.A

上文“By

contrast,in

conventional

agriculture,synthetic

pesticides

are

on

a

very

high

level.”介绍传统农业中合成杀虫剂的使用情况。结合选项,A项“Accordingly,the

amount

of

it

in

food

products

is

much

higher.(因此,它在食品中的含量要高得多。)”与前一句构成顺承关系。5.D

上文“Doing

so

is

not

only

beneficial

to

vegans.”介绍好处。结合选项,D项“But

it’s

also

good

for

the

whole

world,including

other

animals

and

plants.”介绍对于其他一些对象也是有益的。且“not

only...but

also”前后呼应。Ⅲ.语法填空ⅠⅡⅢⅣWhenLinZhanxifirstintroducedmushroomcultivation(培育)totheGobiDesertresidentsofNingxia,hedidn’texpectsuchaphenomenalsuccess.1.

inventorofjuncao,amethodthatusesgrasscuttingsassubstrate(培养基)forgrowingeatableandmedicinalmushrooms,haslongbeencommitted2.

expandingthemethodinpovertyrelief.

Inthe1980s,asaprofessoratFujianAgricultureandForestryUniversity,Linexperimentedwithgrassinsteadoflogstogrowmushroomsbecauselogsweren’t3.

(ready)availableformanyruralhouseholds,whilegrass,4.

leavesandrootscanbeusedforecologicalmanagement,isanessentialmulti-functionalagriculturalresource.In1986,Linmadeit,andsoonhismethod5.

(adopt)by51countiesinFujian.

The

toreadily

whose

wasadoptedⅠⅡⅢⅣWhenjuncaowasmadeakeyprojectinthepairing-offcooperationbetweenFujianandNingxiain1997,Linadvocated6.

(take)advantageofabandonedcavedwellings(窑洞)forgrowingmushroomsinNingxia.Theprojectdoubledthefarmers’yearlyincomethatyear.

Thesuccessmadejuncao7.

(promote)in506China’scountiesanditwasthenintroducedto106developingcountries.Thisworld-famousinnovation8.

(bring)welfaretomillionsofpeoplesofar.WhattouchedLinmostduringhisjourneytoothercountriestohelpdevelopjuncaotechnologywasthataforeignministerevennamedhisdaughterafterjuncaoinhonorofChina’s9.

(assist).

taking

promoted

hasbroughtassistance

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ“IfeelIhaveanewmission10.

(shoulder),evenafterChinawinsitsbattletoreducepoverty.Icanstillforeseetheimportanceofjuncaoinhelpingfarmersbettertheirsituationandimprovingtheecologyandtheenvironmentaroundus,”hesaid.

toshoulder

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案及解析

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。当林占熺第一次向宁夏戈壁滩居民介绍蘑菇种植时,他没有想到会取得如此惊人的成功。菌草技术是一种以草屑为基质种植食用蘑菇和药用蘑菇的方法,其发明者长期以来一直致力于在扶贫中推广这种方法。1.The

考查冠词。此处为特指一种以草屑为基质种植食用蘑菇和药用蘑菇的方法,所以用定冠词。故填The。2.to

考查介词。be

committed

to致力于,故填to。3.readily

考查词性转换。分析句子结构,修饰形容词使用副词。故填readily。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.whose

考查定语从句。先行词是grass,设空处在定语从句中作定语,使用whose引导定语从句。5.was

adopted

考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构,设空处在句子中作谓语,与主语之间为被动关系,使用被动语态,因句子表达的是发生在过去的动作,使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was

adopted。6.taking

考查非谓语动词。advocate

doing

sth.主张做某事。故填taking。