2024年人教版中考英语复习专题四时态（一）

语法专题二：时态【直击考纲】在英语中，我们所说的每一句话，写的每一个句子都与时态语态息息相关,掌握好英语中的时态是我们分析做题的基础和重点。中考考点一般是根据句意选择适合的时态并清楚各种时态的构成，一般以选择题（三道）或改写句子（两空）的形式出现，但时态的考核贯穿于整份试卷。中考常考时态：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成时【学习要求】eq\o\ac(○,1)掌握八种时态的构成和基本用法；eq\o\ac(○,2)识记各种时态的常用时间状语；eq\o\ac(○,3)区分几种容易混淆的时态。附录：英文时态共有16种现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般am/is/aredo/doeswas/weredidwill/shalldowoulddo进行am/is/aredoingwas/weredoingwillbedoingwouldbedoing完成have/hasdonehaddonewillhavedonewouldhavedone完成进行have/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingWillhavebeendoingwouldhavebeendoing【考点剖析】一般时态：（4个）（一）一般现在时：am/is/arethereis/aredo/does动词特征变化例词一般动词词尾加“s”stop－stops[s];play－plays[z]以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾词尾加“es”watchwatches;pushpushes以辅音字母加“y”结尾变“y”变为“i”再加“es”fly－flies[z];carry－carries[z];study－studies[z];worry－worries以“o”结尾加“es”，读[z]go－goes[z]do－does[z]注意：havehas1、动词第三人称单数的构成2、基本用法①习惯性、现在反复出现的动作或状态。时间状语（时间标志词）：often;always;usually;sometimes;everyday/month/year…;inthemorning/afternoon/evening…【牛刀小试】1.—What___theboyalwaysdoonweekends?—Healways____football___hisfriends.does,plays,withB.does,plays,andC.do,plays,andD.do,play,with2.—Whatdoesyourfatherdo?—_____________.A.HeisworkinghardB.HeisatworknowC.HeisateacherD.HeisteachingEnglish②客观真理【牛刀小试】Ourteachertoldustheearth_____aroundthesun.A.runB.runsC.ranD.isrunning【能力提升】老师告诉我们光比声音的速度快。_____________________________________________③主语的性格、特征、能力、爱好等。【牛刀小试】Mymom______keepourhouseclean,ShehastomoptheflooratleastonceadayA.liketoB.likesto

C.likingD.isliking④在时间状语从句（句子中有before;until;when;while;as等来连接）、条件状语从句（if；unless）中，通常要满足“主将从现”。（★★★）【真题演练】Whensummer______,somechildrenwillgototheseasideforfun.(09年中考)esB.cameC.willeD.woulde【注意】be动词与行为动词不能同时出现在句中。【牛刀小试】我们是在春天种树。______________________________第三人称单数的变化playgowatch句式变换：口诀“见助动，用原形”【牛刀小试】Jennyhasagoodfriend.（变一般疑问句）___________________________________对do的理解【牛刀小试】改错Wedon’tourhomeworkintheafternoon.（二）一般过去时：didwas/were1、动词过去式的构成（1）规则动词的变化动词特征变化例词一般动词词尾加edlook→looked,stay→stayed以e结尾只加dhope→hoped,live→lived以“辅音+y”结尾变y为i加edstudy→studied,carry→carried.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节或r音节结尾双写辅音字母加edstop→stopped,plan→plannedprefer→preferred（2）不规则动词的变化（详见附录）（★★★）2、基本用法①过去某时发生的动作或情况，时间状语：yesterday;ago;inthosedays;in1995;thenextday;theotherday;attheageof12;thedaybeforeyesterday;lastweek/month/year…【真题演练】1.Tinaandherfather______toEnglandforsightseeinglastsummer.A.goesB.wentC.willgoD.havegone2.Theschoolboy______totheblindmanonhiswayhomeyesterdayafternoon.A.apologizesB.apologizedC.willapologizeD.hasapologized②有时候，发生的时间并没有清楚的表明，但实际上是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。e.g.Ididn’texpecttomeetyouhere.3、句式变换：口诀“见助动，用原形”【牛刀小试】1.Ihadagoodtimeyesterday.（变一般疑问句）_____________________________________2.Wewenttoseeafilmyesterday.（划线提问）What_______you______yesterday?（三）一般将来时will/shalldo/be四种表达方式begoingtodo四种表达方式betodobedoing①willdo表示将要发生的动作或状态;【真题演练】WearegladtohearthattheGreens_______toanewflatnextweek.(11年中考)A.moveB.movedC.willmoveD.havemovedB.说话此刻临时作出的决定。（★★★）e.g.You’veleftthelighton.Oh,I’llgoandturnitoff.②begoingtodo表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事情e.g.Theyaregoingtomarryin2019.B.表示可以根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。（★★★）e.g．Lookattheheavyclouds.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.【牛刀小试】1.There_____abasketballmatchthisafternoon.A.isgoingtobeB.isgoingtohaveC.aregoingtobeD.aregoingtohave2.I’mgoing____schoolbybiketomorrow.A.towillgoB.togotoC.gotoD.togobetodo(被安排，被指示发生的事情，事情常做主语。)A.表示预先安排好的计划或约定e.g.ThesportsmeetingistobeheldnextMonday.B.表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、命令、义务等。e.g.Nooneistoleavewithoutpermission.C.表示注定要发生的事情e.g.Yourplanistobesuccessful.④am/is/aredoing（★★★）现在进行时表将来主要是集中在一些表示位移的单词：go;e;leave;arrive;start;begin;takee.g.Sheisleavingsoon.Theplaneistakingoffin5minutes.（四）过去将来时woulddo/be基本用法（1）从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。e.g.Hesaidthathewouldfinishhisworkbefore9o’clock.（2）过去的某种习惯e.g.Wheneverhewasintrouble,wewouldgivehimahand.时间状语：thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…)等。【真题演练】Theofficialsaidthey_____anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear.（13年中考）A.makesB.wouldmakeC.madeD.havemade【课后练习一】一、单选（）1.HeoftenhisclothesonSundays.A.washingB.washesC.haswashedD.wash（）2.I’mChinese.Wherefrom?A.doyoueB.youareingC.youeD.areyouing（）3.WhatdoesTom’suncledo?Heisateacher.He__________physicsataschoolnow.A.willteachB.hastaughtC.teachesD.taught（）4.When_______you_______tolearntoskate?Fiveyearsago.A.do;startB.will;startC.had;startedD.did;start（）5.Ourteachertoldusthatlight______fasterthansound.A.travelledB.travelsC.wastravelledD.hadtravelled（）6.Lastweek,Johnhisleg.A.feltandbrokenB.fellandbrokeC.feelsandbreaksD.fallenandbroken（）7.Nobodyknewwhat_______aftertenyears.A.willhappenB.arehappeningC.wouldhappenD.hashappened（）8.Inthepast,people______aferrytogotoPudong.A.takeB.tookC.willtakeD.taken（）9.There________abasketballmatchthedayaftertomorrow.A.willhaveB.willbeC.isgoingtohaveD.wouldhave（）10.—Canyourfatherdrive?—Yes,andheusually_____toschool.A.droveB.isdrivingC.drivesD.hasdriven二、用动词适当形式填空。1.Ityouareright.(seem)2.Heswimmingintherivereverydayinsummer.(go)3.Hehiswalletintheofficelastnight.(leave)4.Hedownandbegantoreadhisnewspaper.(sit)5.Thestory__________inLondoninthenineteenthcentury.(happen)6.Hewasfiftysix.Intwoyearshe_______(be)fiftyeight.

三、改写句子。1.MyfatherwatchesTVeverynight.（改为一般疑问句）_______________________________________2.Hehadtofinishthework.（改为否定句）_____________________________________3.Shewantedtoseethedoctorbecauseherbackhurtbadly.（对划线部分提问）______________________________4.BettydidverywellinherEnglishexam(改为否定句)_____________________________________5.Thatmedicinetasteslikepoison.（对划线部分提问）______________________________________6.I’mgoingtoskipinthegarden.(对划线部分提问)_____________________________________________二、进行时态：（2个）（一）现在进行时态：am/is/aredoing1、现在分词构成动词特征变化例词一般动词直接+ingsleep+ing→sleeping以e结尾去e+ingwrite→writingdance→dancingmake→makinglike→liking以末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节或r音节结尾双写辅音字母+ingput—puttingdigdigging以ie结尾且为重读开音节变ie为y+ingdiedying,lielying,tietying2、基本用法①说话时正在进行的动作，时间标志：now,atthismoment;atpresente.g.Wearehavingclassnow.【真题演练】1.TodayisFather’sDay.Mymother______aspecialdinnerformygrandpanow.（10年中考）A.prepareB.preparedC.ispreparingD.willprepare2.Jennytoldmethatshe______anEnglishSpeechContestthenextmonth.（12年中考）A.takespartinB.istakingpartinC.tookpartinD.wouldtakepartin②现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻动作不一定正在进行。时间标志：thesedayse.g.Georgeisworkingonabookaboutstoriesinschools.③bedoing(现在进行时表示将来)(参见将来时态)【拓展】④常与always;allthetime;forever等词连用时，有一定的感情色彩，如不满、抱怨、厌恶、赞赏等。e.g.Theboyisalwayscrying.(不满)Sheisalwaysfindingfaultswithothers.（不满）Theladyisalwaysthinkingofothers.（赞赏）【注意】现在进行时的基本形式【牛刀小试】汉译英①看！两个孩子在公园放风筝。_______________________________②他现在不在床上看书。_______________________________Thestudentsaresingingintheroom.（对划线部分提问）_______________________________并列情况下第二个进行时的doing改错Arethechildrenrunningorjump?（二）过去进行时态：was/weredoing①过去的某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。时间标志：atthattime;atthistimeyesterday;atteno’clock…e.g.WewereflyingtoBeijingatthistimeyesterday.②一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行e.g.Theelectricitywascutoffwhenshewastakingashower.【牛刀小试】改错MymotheriscookingwhenIgothome.【真题演练】1.Susanandlily______tomatoesandothervegetablesonthefarmthistimeyesterday.（14年中考）A.pickB.arepickingC.willpickD.werepicking2.Thestudents_______theartfestivalwhenIpassedbytheirschool.（12年中考）A.celebrateB.werecelebratingC.willcelebrateD.havecelebrated三、完成时态：（2个）（一）现在完成时态：have/hasdone1、过去分词构成：规则（同过去式变化）+不规则（详见附录）2、基本用法①过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在产生影响（动作结束）【牛刀小试】1.Howcleanthebedroomis！Yes,Iamsurethatsomeone____it.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.havecleaned2.I____________(buy)aniPhone.②从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态（只用于延续意义的单词，与for,since连用）【牛刀小试】填空He_____________(study)Englishformorethan10years.时间状语：already，yet，just，before，sofar，uptonow，uptillnowrecently，lately，never，ever，（ever）since+过去时间点for+一段时间，in/during/overthepast/lastfewyears…【注意】延续性动词与短暂性动词的区分。短暂性动词不能和一段时间连用，需要转化成延续性动词。改错Shehasleftfortwohours.常见的还有：buy—haveborrowkeepdie—bedeadjoinbeinthe/amemberofbegin—beonebeinbee—beend—beoverhavebeen(to)与havegone(to)havebeento:去过……（人在这）havegoneto：去了……（人不在这）【牛刀小试】—Whereismylittledog?—It____thebackofthehouse.A.hasgoneto B.hadgoneto C.hasbeento D.hadbeento【真题演练】1.TheHarryPotterbooks________prettypopularsincetheywerepublished.A.beeB.willbeeC.havebeeD.arebeing2.Thevolunteer______alotofhelptothemunityfornearlytenyears.A.offeredB.willofferC.areofferingD.haveoffered（二）过去完成时：haddone基本用法：表示的是过去的过去。(过去完成时)（过去）（现在）（将来）E.g.Hehadbeenillforaweekbeforehewassenttothehospital.e.g.IhadworkedinacarfactoryfortwoyearsbeforeIcamehere.时间状语：by+过去的时间bynineo'clocklastnight.

bytheendof+过去的时间bytheendoflastterm.

before+过去的时间beforelastweek【真题演练】Bytheendoflastmonth,I_____alltheCDsofJustinBieber.（11年中考）A.collectB.collectedC.havecollectedD.hadcollected四、易混淆的几种时态1、一般现在时和现在进行时2、一般过去时和现在完成时3、一般过去时和过去完成时4、一般过去时和过去进行时【解题方法小结】Step1判考点（缼谓语动词）时间标志词Step2如何判时态其它谓动形式（时态一致）语义一般过去时（过去式）Step3定时态一般现在时（单三）完成时（过去分词）其他时态附录：初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表(1)AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费）—cost

—

cost

cut（割）—

cut

—

cuthit（打）—hit—hit

hurt（伤害）—

hurt

—

hurtlet（让）

—let

—

let

put（放）—

put

—putread（读）—read

—read

(2)AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat（跳动）—beat

—

beaten(3)ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）bee（变成）—

became

—bee

e（来）—came

—erun（跑）

—

ran

—run(4)ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖）—dug

—

dug

get（得到）

—got

—

gothang（吊死）—

hanged

—hanged

hang（悬挂）—hung

—hunghold（抓住）—

held

—held

shine（照耀）—

shone—shonesit（坐）—

sat

—sat

win

（赢）

—

won

—wonmeet（遇见）—met

—met

keep（保持）—kept

—keptsleep（睡）—

slept

—slept

sweep（扫）

—

swept

—sweptfeel（感觉）

—felt

—felt

smell（闻）

—

smelt

—smeltleave（离开）—left

—left

build（建设）—

built

—

builtlend（借出）—lent

—lent

send（传送）—

sent

—

sentspend（花费）—spent

—spent

lose

（丢失）—

lost

—lostburn（燃烧）—burnt

—

burnt

learn（学习）—learnt

—learntmean（意思是）—meant

—meant

catch（抓住）—

caught

—

caughtteach（教）—

taught

—

taught

bring（带来）—brought

—broughtfight（战斗）—fought—

fought

buy（买）

—

bought

—

boughtthink（想）—

thought

thought

hear（听见）—heard

—heardsell（卖）

—

sold

—sold

tell（告诉）—told

—toldsay（说）

—

said

—

said

find（找到）

—found

—foundhave/has（有）—had

—had

make（制造）

—made

—madestand（站）

—stood

—

stood

understand明白—understood

—understood(5)ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始）—began

—begun

drink（喝）

—

drank

—

drunkring（铃响）

—

rang

—

rung

sing（唱）

—sang

—sungswim（游泳）—swam

—swum

blow（吹）—blew

—blowndraw

（画）—drew

—drawn

fly（飞）

—

flew

—flowngrow（生长）—grew

—

grown

know（知道）

—knew

—

knownthrow（投掷）

—threw

—thrown

show（出示）

—showed

—shownbreak（打破）

—broke

—broken

choose（选择）

—

chose

—

chosenforget（忘记）—

forgot

—forgottenspeak（说，讲）—

spoke

—

spokenwake（醒）

—woke

—woken

drive（驾驶）

—

drove

—

driveneat（吃）

—

ate

—

eaten

fall（落下）—

fell

—fallengive（给）

—gave

—given

rise（升高）

—rose

—risentake（取）

—

took

—

taken

mistake（弄错）—mistook

—mistakenride（骑）—

rode

—ridden

write（写）

—

wrote

—

writtendo（做）

—did

—done

go（去）

—

went

—gonelie（平躺）

—lay

—

lain

see（看见）

—

saw

—

seenwear

（穿）

—wore

—wornbe(am,is,are)（是）—was,were

—been

【课后练习二】1.SofarweEnglishfortwoyears.A.havestudiedB.havebeenstudiedC.wouldstudiedD.hadstudied2.—Howcleanthebedroomis!—Yes,Iamsurethatsomeone_______it.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned3.Hethatfactorysince1958.A.hasleftB.hasworkedinC.hasgonefromD.haseto4.—DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear?—A.No,hedidnevergothereB.No,hehasnevergonehereC.No,heneverwasthereD.No,he’sneverbeenthere5.Wherehaveyou_____thesedays?Ihave_____toThailandwithmyfriendsandhadafantasticholidaythere.A.been;gone B.been;been C.gone;been D.gone;gone6.–Whatwereyoudoingwhenthebell_______?I__________withmymother.A.rang;waswatchingTVB.goingout;waschattingC.wentoff;wasdancingD.ringing;werearguing7.—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Sorry,Ididn’thearit.I______outofthewindow.A.look B.looked