中考英语一轮复习 考点详解+真题练习专项突破38 阅读理解之记叙文（含解析）

专项38阅读理解之记叙文一、材料特点 人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。1.人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。2.短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。二、解题技巧1.阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。2.阅读短篇故事类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。A（2022·山东东营·中考真题）I’mgoodinschool.Idomyworkandstudyalot,butforsomereason,Ihaveaverybadhabitoflosingthings.Lastsummer,Iwasonvacationwithmyfamilyatthebeach.Onthefirstday,myfathergavemeawatchtotaketheplaceoftheoneIhadlosttheyearbefore.“Youneedtohaveawatch,sotakegoodcareofthisone,”hesaid.Thenextday,Iwentswimming.Thesunwasshiningonthewater.Thewaterwaswarmandbeautiful.Iswam.Ifloated(漂浮).Idove(潜水).Ireallyenjoyedbeinginthewater.BythetimeIreturnedtobeach,IwasquitetiredsoIlaydown.Atthatmoment,Irememberedmywatchandlookedtoseewhattimeitwas.Butitwasgone!Isearchedallafternoon,butIcouldnotfindit.Thatnightatdinner,Iarrivedwithmysleeves(衣袖)pulleddown,hopingnoonewouldnoticethatIdidn’thavemywatch.Mysisterasked,“Whattimeisit?”“AskTom,”mymothersaid.“Hehastheexpensivenewwatch.”Dadlookedatmeandsaid,“Don’ttellmethatyou’velostthewatchalready!”“No!”Isaid.Iwassweating(出汗)withgreatfear.IknewIwasgoingtobecaughtinaterriblelie(谎言).Justthen,therewasanannouncement，“Ladiesandgentlemen,averynicewatchwasfoundonthebeachtoday.Ifyoulostoneandcanidentify(确认)it,pleasecometothefrontdesk.”Immediately(立刻),IknewwhatIhadtodo.Islowlygotup,withmywholefamilystaringatme.Iwenttothedesk.Thereitwas.Thewatchwasnotbroken.Itwasstillworking.Iwalkedbacktothetable,satdownandsaidinalowvoice,“I’msorryIdidn’ttellthetruth.”Myfamilysmiled.TheyknewthatIhadfinallylearnedmylesson.1．Tom’sfathergavehimanewwatchbecauseTom_________.A．neededone B．wasonvacation C．dislikedhisoldone D．behavedwellatschool2．WhatdidTomdowhenhefoundthewatchwasgone?A．Hetoldhisfatheraboutthat. B．Heaskedthefrontdeskforhelp.C．Hespentallafternoonsearchingforit. D．Hedidnothingandcontinuedlyingonthebeach.3．HowmightTomfeelaftersaying“No”?A．Upset. B．Worried. C．Relaxed. D．Disappointed.4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Tomstudieshard. B．Tomswimswell. C．Tomalwaystellslies. D．Tomoftenlosesthings.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lesson”inthelastsentencereferto?A．Takegoodcareofourthings. B．It’simportanttolistentoparents.C．Weshouldexcuseothers’mistakes. D．Facemistakesbravelyratherthantellinglies.【答案】1．A

2．C

3．B

4．C

5．A【导语】本文讲述了作者有个爱丢东西的习惯，在去年夏天，作者又丢失了爸爸新给他买的手表，不过最后失而复得，但从这次经历中作者也懂得了：要保管好自己的东西，不再说谎。1．细节理解题。根据“Youneedtohaveawatch,sotakegoodcareofthisone”可知，因为Tom需要手表，所以爸爸给他买了一块新的，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“Isearchedallafternoon,butIcouldnotfindit.”可知，他花费了整整一个下午都在找手表，故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“Iwassweating(出汗)withgreatfear.”可知，他说了“不”之后，他很害怕很担心，故选B。4．推理判断题。根据“Isaid.Iwassweating(出汗)withgreatfear.IknewIwasgoingtobecaughtinaterriblelie(谎言).”可知，Tom这次撒谎了，自己认为是可怕的谎言，且自己感觉到巨大的恐惧，说明他平时不撒谎，故选C。5．词义猜测题。根据“Iwalkedbacktothetable,satdownandsaidinalowvoice,‘I’msorryIdidn’ttellthetruth.’Myfamilysmiled.TheyknewthatIhadfinallylearnedmylesson.”可知，家人知道Tom吸取了教训，所以单词“lesson”指的是“我们要好好照看我们的东西”，故选A。B（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Inthecave,Isawgoldcoinsinacorner.TheywereFlint’streasure!Wehadcomesofartofindthis.AlreadyithadcostthelivesofseventeenmenfromtheHispaniola.Andhowmanyothers?Howmanyshipshadgonetothebottomofthesea?Howmanybravemenhadbeenkilledforthis?Perhapsnomanalivecouldtell.Nextmorning,wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.ThenwetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.Itwasabigjobforsosmallanumberofmen.Thenatlast,onesunnymorning,wesailedoutofNorthInletandtowardsthenearestport(港口)inSpanishAmerica.Beforeafternoon,TreasureIslandhaddisappearedfromview,andIhadneverfelthappiertoleaveaplacebehind.Thesunwasgoingdownwhenwesailedintotheport,andthedoctorandMrTrelawneytookmetothebeach.Whenwecameback,BenGunnwaswaitingforus.“Silverhasgone,”hetoldus,“butnotempty-handed.He’stakenoneofthebagsofcoinsperhapsworththreeorfourhundredguineas.”Ithinkwewereallpleasedtolosethebadmanatsosmallaprice.Wefoundsomesailorsfortheshipattheport,andthenhadagoodjourneyhome.OnlyfiveofthemenwhohadsailedfromBristolwiththeHispaniolareturnedwithher.Wealltookalargepieceofthetreasure.Someuseditwisely,butsomedidnot.CaptainSmollettnolongergoestosea.Graysavedhismoneyandnowisahalf-ownerandcaptainofafineship.BenGunngotathousandpoundswhichhespentorlostinthreeweeks,thenhecamebeggingandwasgivenajobasagatekeeper.OfSilverwehaveheardnomore.Thatscaryseamanwithoneleghasgoneoutofmylife.IwillneverreturntoTreasureIsland,butinmyworstdreamsIstillhearthesharp,highcriesofCaptainFlinttheparrot,“Piecesofeight!Piecesofeight!”—AdaptedfromTreasureIsland6．WhatdoyouknowfromParagraph1?A．Seventeenpeoplelefttheislandontheship.B．Thereweresomanygoldcoinsintheships.C．Manypeoplelosttheirlivesforthetreasure.D．Onlythewriterfoundgoldcoinsinthecave.7．Whichistherightorderofthestory?a.Wesailedintotheport.b.WesailedoutofNorthInlet.c.Wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.d.wetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.A．c-b-d-a B．c-d-b-a C．b-a-d-c D．b-d-a-c8．WhichwastrueaboutSilver?A．Heleftwithabagofgold. B．Hetookthewritertothebeach.C．Heleftwithemptyhands. D．Hewenthomewiththewriter.9．Theunderlinedword“her”refersto________.A．TreasureIsland B．NorthInletC．Bristol D．theHispaniola10．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Astoryaboutlivingonanisland.B．Astoryabouttakingarelaxingtrip.C．Astoryaboutlookingfortreasure.D．Astoryaboutfindingdifferentjobs.【答案】6．C

7．B

8．A

9．D

10．C【导语】本文改编自一部长篇小说《金银岛》，讲述了一个关于寻找宝藏的故事。6．细节理解题。根据“AlreadyithadcostthelivesofseventeenmenfromtheHispaniola.Andhowmanyothers?Howmanyshipshadgonetothebottomofthesea?Howmanybravemenhadbeenkilledforthis?Perhapsnomanalivecouldtell.”可知，许多人为了财富而丧命。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据“Nextmorning,wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.”，“ThenwetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.”和“Thenatlast,onesunnymorning,wesailedoutofNorthInletandtowardsthenearestport(港口)inSpanishAmerica.”可知，c-d-b-a为正确的顺序。故选B。8．细节理解题。根据“‘Silverhasgone,’hetoldus,‘butnotempty-handed.He’stakenoneofthebagsofcoinsperhapsworththreeorfourhundredguineas.’”可知，Silver带着一袋金子走了。故选A。9．词句猜测题。根据“OnlyfiveofthemenwhohadsailedfromBristolwiththeHispaniolareturnedwithher.”可知，在随伊斯帕尼奥拉从布里斯托尔启航的船员中，只有五人随她返回。her指代的是“theHispaniola”。故选D。10．主旨大意题。本文改编自一部长篇小说《金银岛》，讲述了一个关于寻找宝藏的故事。C选项“一个关于寻找宝藏的故事”符合。故选C。C（2022·山东菏泽·三模）LuisMoralesis18yearsoldandcomesfromatinyvillageinColombia.UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis’sfavoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhishometohunt（猎杀）wildanimals,especiallybirds.Now,however,heandagroupofotherlocalyouthsworkwithaninternationalorganizationcalledWildlifeWorld,tostudyandprotectthebirdsandtheirenvironment.WildlifeWorldhassetupseveralofthesegroupsacrossthearea.“Informationwegetfromthechildrenhelpsuslearnhowthebirdsandotheranimalsusetheforest,whattheyeatandhowbestwecanprotectthem.Theprojecthasworkedverywellandwehopetosetupmoregroupsinthefuture,”saysarealeaderFelipeRamos.Luisistheoldestandmostexperiencedmemberofhisgroup.“BeforeIjoined,IplannedtobeadoctorandleavethevillageassoonasIwasoldenough,”Luissays.“ButnowIwanttogotouniversity,becomeascientistandreturnheretosavethesebirdsandtheirenvironment.Beingpartofthegrouphashadahugeeffect（影响）onme.”Luisalsospendstimewiththeyoungerchildreninthevillage.“Thereisnotmuchtodohereafterschool,”hesays,“soItrytoaskthemtojoininouractivities.Aswellasbirdwatchingandnaturestudies,wealsododramaandart.Thedramahasbeensuccessfulandwenowhaveatheatergroupof30children.Wetourinthearea,performingdifferentplays.”11．Sevenyearsago,whatwasLuis’sattitudetowardsbirdsintheforest?A．Heknewtheywereindanger.B．Hethoughtitwasfuntohuntthem.C．Hewasnotinterestedinthematall.12．WhatdothechildrendoforWildlifeWorld?A．Theyusetheforestwell.B．Theyhelplookafterwildlife.C．Theyprovidevaluableinformation.13．ToknowwhatLuisdoeswiththeyoungerchildreninhisvillage,wecanread________.A．Paragraph2 B．Paragraph3 C．Paragraph414．Thewriterwrotethepassagemainlyto________.A．explainwhyenvironmentalprotectionisimportantB．showhowWildlifeWorldhaschangedaboyC．suggestwaystohelptheenvironment【答案】11．B

12．C

13．C

14．B【导语】本文主要讲述了保护环境的组织“野生动物世界”的相关内容及Luis的相关事迹。11．推理判断题。根据“UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis’sfavoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhishometohunt（猎杀）wildanimals,especiallybirds.”（大约七年前，Luis最喜欢的一件事就是到他家周围的茂密森林里去猎杀野生动物，尤其是鸟类。）可推断出七年前Luis觉得猎杀森林中的鸟类很有趣。故选B。12．细节理解题。根据“Informationwegetfromthechildrenhelpsuslearnhowthebirdsandotheranimalsusetheforest,whattheyeatandhowbestwecanprotectthem.”（我们从孩子们那里获得的信息帮助我们了解鸟类和其他动物如何利用森林，它们吃什么，以及我们如何最好地保护它们。）可知孩子们为野生动物世界提供了有价值的信息。故选C。13．段落大意题。根据“‘Thereisnotmuchtodohereafterschool,’hesays,‘soItrytoaskthemtojoininouractivities.Aswellasbirdwatchingandnaturestudies,wealsododramaandart”（“放学后这里没什么可做的，”他说，”所以我试着请他们参加我们的活动。除了观鸟和自然研究，我们还做戏剧和艺术。”）可知第四段主要讲述了Luis对村里年幼的孩子做了什么。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据“UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis’sfavoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhishometohunt（猎杀）wildanimals,especiallybirds.Now,however,heandagroupofotherlocalyouthsworkwithaninternationalorganizationcalledWildlifeWorld,tostudyandprotectthebirdsandtheirenvironment”（大约七年前，Luis最喜欢的一件事就是到他家周围的茂密森林里去猎杀野生动物，尤其是鸟类。然而，现在，他和一群其他当地年轻人与一个名为“野生动物世界”的国际组织合作，研究和保护鸟类及其环境。）可知作者写这篇文章主要是为了展示“野生动物世界”是如何改变一个男孩的。故选B。D（2022·山东·青岛市崂山区育才学校二模）DuringtheTangDynasty,EmperorTaizongaskedtheprimeministerFengDeyitolookfortalentedpeople.However,severalmonthspassed,Fengdidn’tfindanyone.“Itriedmybest,buttherearenotunusualandwell-roundedpeopleatall,”Fengsaid.“Peoplearelikeutensils(器物).Whatweneedtodoistomakegooduseoftheirstrengths.Youshouldblame(责怪)yourselffornotnoticingtalentedpeople.Howcouldyousaythattherearenotalentedpeopleinourcountry?”saidtheemperor.Itisreallytruethateachutensilortoolhasaspecificuse.Aknifeismadetocutthingswhilechopsticksaremadetopickupfood.Wecan’tuseaknifeaschopsticks.Likeautensil,eachpersonhasaspecialstrength.Nobodyisperfect.Wecan’texpectapersontobegoodateverything.Withthisideainmind,EmperorTaizongdiscoveredmanytalentedpeopleofdifferentbackgrounds.Heofferedthemimportantpositions,whichhelpedthemmakethemostoftheirtalents.AgoodexampleisMaZhou,whogrewupinapoorfamily.Magavealotofusefuladvice,soEmperorTaizongofferedhimapositionandpromoted(晋升)himmanytimes.Mahelpedtheemperordealwithdifficultproblemsandbecameafamouspersoninhistory.Duringthatperiod,theimportantofficialsaroundEmperorTaizong,suchasFangXuanling,WeiZheng,LiJing,allwerethebrightestandthebestofthetimewiththeirownstrongpoints.EmperorTaizong’stalentedpeoplehelpedthesocietydevelopandcreateda“goldenage”.15．Whycouldn’tFengDeyifindanytalentedpeopleinTaizong’sopinion?A．Hisstandardswerewrong.B．Therewerenotalentedpeoplethen.C．Hewasafraidofbeingreplaced.D．Hewasn’tsatisfiedwiththeemperor.16．Knivesandchopsticksarecomparedto________.A．positions B．backgrounds C．tools D．people17．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“makethemostof”inParagraph5?A．C