2024年1月电大国家开放大学期末考试试题及答案：英语阅读

国家开放大学2023年秋季学期期末统一考试英语阅读(3)试题2024年1月考点名称：注意事项：1Whilemostoftheworldseemstobemotivatedbympowerfulcars,thehighest-techcomputers,biggerhouses,therearesomeindeparetiredof“therat-race”thatis,thestressfulpressuresofworkinghardtogetahead.Sincearound1990,therehasbeenaslowbutsteadyriseiintentionalcommunityipurpose.Althoughquitediverseinphilosophyandlifpriorityonasenseofcommunity,inotherwords,thousand,listedandunlisted,inoperation.Thesecommunitiesvaryincommunitiesin1995,totalpopulation,includingchildren,wasest2Atfirstglance,theintentionalcommunitygenerational,i.e.withagesrangingfromchildrentoseniors.Theyonapieceofruralland,inasuburbancentre,orinanurbaThereisawidevarietyofchoicesregardingstandardofliving—someembracevoluntarysimplicitywhileothershavefullaccesspurposesvarywidely.Forexample,coneighbourhoods,toliveecologicallysustainablelifestylessharetheirvalues.Somearesecul3Whatunitestheintentionalcommunitymovementisitsmembers'proudrejectionofmainstreamconsumervalues.Nearlyallcommunitiesencouragesneedtoownprivately,forexample,washingmachines,trucks,communitiesserveasmodelenvironmentalorteachingceexample,“TheFarm”,alargecooperativecommunityinruralTencompetitivebusinesspracticesbutrather,commitstoavisionofenvironmentallybusiness.Membersof“TheFarm”worelectronics,solarcarresearch,a4AnexampleofanintentCo-HousingCommunity.Itsmemberschoosetoliveinwithcedar.“UncleMartin”decidedtoleaveNewYorkinVashonCo-Housing.HeandhisfamilyliveonlitanythingwiththeDisneylabelonit.RatherthanplayingMystonthspendstheireveningplayingold-fashiodwellingsbuthomesareresidentsattendbimonthlymeetin(22157号)英语阅读(3)试题第1页(共7页)buildanon-hierarchical,orequal,communitywithvaluesuncorruptedbythelargersociety.wasthisdesiretoformanew,iperfection.Theproblemswesee“outthere”inthemainstream—greed,dishonesty,egoism,competition,factionalism—allmanagetofinintentionalcommunitieshaveamuchlowercrimeratethanclaimamorecaringandsatisfyinglifestyle.Thcooperation,andfamily,eventhoughtheymayoftenfailtoreachthoseidealsperfectlutopianvisionprovidesachallengetothepaceandpurposeofmodernAmericansociety. 2.anintentional thousand…(paragraph7.…inothers,thesethingsareshared.(pa9.Heandhisfamilyliveonlittlemon10.Theyarecommittedtoideasofecolog1Anoldjoke:Apopulationofficialisaddressingthiscountry,"hetellsthem,"awomrealisewhatthatmeans?"“Ido!"shoutsanotherman,leapingtohisfeet."Itfindthatwomanandstopher!”Well,maybetheexpressedinitprettywellsumsupmuchofbeforetheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment(ICPD)thatwaCairoin1994.Basically,theoverpopulaespeciallywomenofcolour)whowereconceivinganddeliveringsomanybabies—especiallpatriarchal,tradition-basedsocietiesofthedevelopingwor(22157号)英语阅读(3)试题第2页(共7页)2Theperceivedsolution?Pushingcontraceptionoforcedsterilization—whateverittooktoreducewomen'sfertilityrates.Insomeparworld,suchstrategieswereyieldingdramaticresults,atleastintermsofmeetingnumericaltargetsforreductionofgrowthrates.Buttheywerealsocausingrevulsionbecautramplingonhumanrightsandhumandignity-andalsobeca3Bythetimetheinternationalcommun4CreatingaNewConsensusPublications,UK,1998)isthestoryofhowthat180-degreeturnwasnegotiated.Asasourcehistoryofthismomentousachievement,thisbookisunique.ForSinghwasnomereobserveroftheprocessbut,asExecutiveCo-ordinatoroftheconference,oneofitsmoststrategicallyplacedfacilitators.Andhelaysouttheprocebystep,inmeticulousbebroadenedtocovermorethancontraception—thatraisingthe“contraceptiveprevalencerate”numbercouldnotbetheonlymeasureofsuccweretobedeemphasized,undertheconsensus,coercionwemphasiswastobeplacedonindividualandsocietalrightsandequalityandempowerment.Wservicesshouldbeincorporatedintoabroaderdefinit(includingthetreatmentandpreventionofsexuallytransm6AsreportedbythenewsmediaatthetimewordsstemminglargelyfromtheVaticanreproductiverights.Butfromthishistoryitemergesasatrium7Ofcourse,itisstilltooearlytojudgetheeffectivenessgraspthesignificanceofreproductivehealth-ortouattentionthan,say,cardio-pulmonaryhealthormentalhealth.Andthemajorfamilyplanningagencies,strugglingtofindanewwayofworkingunderitsconfusionintheirranksandamonginternationalbureaucrats:HenotonlycomoftheUNsystemofdiplomacyandhowitworks,butalsomaintainsh9Singh,whoretiredafewyearsag(UNFPA),servedasExecutiveCo-ordinatorofICPD,ataskwhichoceupiedmostofhiswhoursforseveralyears.HisbossatUNFPA,D(22157号)英语阅读(3)试题第3页(共7页)10Inonesense,thisistheul(a)concernedaboutpopulationorinternationaldiplomacyreallyworks,(c)curiousaboutwhatheadlinesfailedtoexplain,or(d)alloftheabove.11ForasmuchnewspaperinkasICPabortion-whichwasreallynaccomplishmentshasneverbe11.“Somewhereinthiscountry,"he12.Well,maybethejokeisn'tallthatfunny,butthesentsumsupmuchofthetop-levelthinkingab13.Insomepartsoftheworld,suchstrategieswereyieldingdramtermsofmeetingnumericaltargetsforreductionofgrowthrates.14.Buttheywerealsocausingrevulhumandignity—andalsobecauseoftheirunderlyingsex15.Asaprimarysourcehistoryofthismomentousachievem16.Andhelaysouttheprocesso18.Andthemajorplanningagencies,strugglingtofindanewwayofworkindirections,reportwidespreadconf19.Henotonlycommandsanextraorddiplomacyandhowitworks,butalsomaintainshi1Inacompetitiveeconomy,theconsumerusuabrandsofthesameproduct.Yetunderneaththeirlabels,theprOnemanufacturer'stoothpastetendstodifferverylittlefromanothermanufacmanufacturersareconfrontedwithaproblem—howtokeepsabusiness.Manufacturerssolvethisproblembyvariousways.Infact,advertisementsmaybeclassifiedin(22157号)英语阅读(3)试题第4页(共7页)2Onetypeofadvertisementtriestoappealtotheconsumer'sreasoningmind.Itmtoothpaste.Insellingaproduct,thetruthoftheadvertisingmaybelessimportant3Anothertypeofadvertisementtriestoamusethepotentialbuyer.Productsthatareessentialboring,suchasinsecticide,arethisistomaketheproductsaplikelytorememberandb4Associatingtheproductwithsomethingpleasantisthetechniqueointhiscategory.Theyimplythatotherpeoplewillatheyseeyoudrivingthehot,newAardvarkcar.Anotherpowerfuldesiretowhichaappealisthedesireforlove.Thisadsforbandagesathenkissinghersmallboy'scutfinger.InthepicturetherBandages.Theadvertiserhopestheconsumerwillmentallyinseequation“OuchBandages=love.”examplesofthesethreedifferenta21.Consumerusuallyhasthechoiceofseveraldifferent23.Manufacturershavetoa24.Accordingtothepassage,therearemainlyfou25.Ascientificapproachisusedtoprovethetruct,appearanceoftruthmaybemoreimportantthanthetruthf28.Accordingtothepassage,manyautomobileadstrytoappeal29.Thepictureofamothertenderlykissinghersmallboyistoshowtheusefulnessof(22157号)英语阅读(3)试题第5页(共7页)ofLondon'spopulationtodayareyoungpeoplewithamodgoodmoneyandthereforetheyhausedtohave.Theysettheirownfashionsinclothes;and2Londonisalsomorethecapital.Peopleofallnations,racesandreligionsliveandworkinLondon.Thousandsofyearseveralmilionvisitorsfromallpartsoftholiday.Indeed,itsometimesseemsainthesurroundingsuburbanarea,whichismadeupofformerlyseparatemergedtoformwhatisnowcalledouterLondon.Th4BesidesthepeoplelivinginLondon,thousandsofmenavillagessurroundingthecapitalworkinLondonandtraveltotheiMostofthesepeopleliveinthesuburbs,withinabouttentotwentymilmanyliveinthecountry,perhapsasmuchasthirtyorfortymilesawathentheypackintothecrowdmainstreets.Thetraffi