2023年江西省上饶市高考英语一模试卷及答案解析

2023年江西省上饶市高考英语一模试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

GuidetoStockholmUniversityLibrary

Ourlibraryoffersdifferenttypesofstudyingplacesandprovidesagoodstudyingenvironment.

Zones

Thelibraryisdividedintodifferentzones.Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplace

sforsilentreading,

andplaceswhereyoucansitandworkwithyourowncomputer.Thereadingplacesconsistmostlyoftab

lesandchairs.Thegroundflooristhezonewhereyoucantalk.Hereyoucanfindsofasandarmchairsfor

groupwork.

Computers

YoucanuseyourowncomputertoconnecttotheWiFispeciallypreparedfornotebookcomputers；

youcanalsouselibrarycomputers,whichcontainthemostcommonlyusedapplications,

suchasMicrosoftOffice.TheyaresituatedintheareaknownastheExperimentalFieldonthegroundflo

or.

Group-StudyPlaces

Ifyouwanttodiscussfreelywithoutdisturbingothers,

youcanbookastudyroomorsitatatableonthegroundfloor.Somestudyroomsarefor2-3peopleand

otherscanholdupto6-8people.Allroomsaremarkedonthelibrarymaps.

Thereare40group-studyroomsthatmustbebookedviathewebsite.Tobook,

youneedanactiveUniversityaccountandavalidUniversitycard.Youcanusearoomthreehoursperda

y,ninehoursatmostperweek.

StorageofStudyMaterial

ThelibraryhaslockersforstudentstostorecourseIiterature.Whenyouhaveobtainedatleast40ere

dits,youmayrentalockerandpay400SEKforayear'srentalperiod.

RulestoBeFollowed

Mobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereinthelibrary.Keepyourphoneonsilentasi

fyouwereinalectureandexitthelibraryifyouneedtoreceivecalls.

Pleasenotethatfoodandfruitareforbiddeninthelibrary,

butyouareallowedtohavedrinksandsweetswithyou.

1.Whatcanyoudoonthegroundfloor?___

A.Readinaquietplace.B.Drinksodes.

C.Talkfreelyifyouwant.D.Getyourcomputersfixed.

2.Howmanyhourscanyouuseastudyroomaday?___

A.3hours.B.6hours.C.8hours.D.9hours.

3.Whatcanbeallowedtodointhelibrary?___

A.Tokeepphonesonsilent.

B.Tomakemobilephoneconversations.

C.Toeatfoodandfruit.

D.Tousegroup-studyroomsanytime.

B

IfartpreservesthecultureoftheCrowpeople,thenCrowwomenarethekeepersofthatculture,

developingittoreflectthemodernday.

FashiondesignerBethanyYellowtailgrewupridinghorsesandrunninginthefieldsandswimming

intheriverandbeingaroundherpeopleintheCrowNationandNorthernCheyenneIndianreservations

insoutheasternMontana.Sheknowsfirst-handtheimportanceofarttomaintainingnativetraditions.In2

015sheturnedthatknowledgeintoherownbrand：B.Yellowtail.Ayearlater,

shecreatedtheB.YellowtailCollective,madeupofnativeartists,

tofostereconomicopportunitiesfortheircommunities.Manyofthoseartistsarewomenfromdifferenttr

ibesbutallofthempreservetheircultureandmoveitforwardthroughtheirmediumofchoice.

Yellowtailandherteamworkforthenative-ownedbusinessthat,srootedincommunity.Artistswithi

ntheCollectivetypicallyreceive70%ofprofitfromretail（零售）sales,

andforaportionofthepandemicthebrandhasuppedthatto100%.Theextramoneyhas,ofcourse,

increasedartists*incomeinthepastyear,buttherelationshipisinterdependent：

withouttheworkofthoseartists,B.Yellowtailwouldn'texistandnativeculturewouldfeeltheloss.

DewandaLittleCoyoteisYellowtaiΓsmother.Familyisdeeplyimportanttotheirtribe.Soisart,

whichoftenrunsinthefamily-andalongthematriarchal（母系

的）side.LittleCoyotepickedupherentrepreneurial（企业家的）spiritfromherparents,

whoownedagiftshop."Myparentssaid,,Ifyouhavehands,createsomething.Dosomething,

andmakealivingoffofthat,,πshesaid.Afterherparentspassedaway,

theartistbeganlearningbeading（串珠）earringsherself.Dentalium,

atuskshelloftenusedinnativejewelry,caughthereyeinparticular.,'Iloveit,

becausebackinthedayourCheyennewomenworealotofdentalium,

',shesaid."SoIwantedtogiveacontemporarylooktothat一towhatourancestorswore.

YellowtailherselflearnedsewingfromherauntsandgrandmothersbeforemovingtoLosAngelin2

007tostudyfashiondesign.Now,nativewomensupportnativewomen-andmatriarchalartevolves.

4.WhydidBethanyYellowtailsetupB.Yellowtail?___

A.Tomaketheirculturecontinue.

B.Tobecomerichassoonaspossible.

C.Toreflectthemodemfashions.

D.Toinspiremorewomentowork.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?___

A.Native-ownedbusinessesmakemoneymoreeasily.

B.TheprofitfromtheCollectivehasfallensharply.

C.Localartistslovetoworkintheircommunity.

D.Artists'incomeisrelatedtothedevelopmentofnativeculture.

6.WhyisDewandaLittleCoyotementionedinthetext?___

A.Toproveshelovesherdaughterdeeply.

B.Toshowhownativecultureishandeddown.

C.Topraisehereffortstohelptheyoung.

D.Toappealtomorewomentojoininjewelrydesign.

7.WhatkindofpersonisBethanyYellowtail?___

A.Humorous,modestandcooperative.

B.Traditional,cautiousandoutgoing.

C.Independent,competitiveandambitious.

D.Creative,determinedandselfless.

C

ResearchersoutofAustralia'sFlindersUniversityrecentlystudiedvariousphysicalreactionsduringslee

pwhenexposedtonoise.Theyfoundthatcertainlevelsofnoisewhilesleeping,

eventhosebelowrecommendedsafelevels,mayaffectaperson'scardiovascular（心血管的）

response.Whenslowlyactivatedduringsleep,

theseresponses"couldpotentiallyhaveadverseeffectsonthecardiovascularsystem,"saidresearchers.

Researchersexposed20adultparticipantstovariousdecibels（分贝）

ofwindfarmandroadnoisewhileasleep,

andthenmonitoredphysicalresponsesincludingbloodflowandheartratesaswellassleepawakenings.

Althoughasleep,participantsreactedtothesenoises,asfoundbytheresearchers.

Forexample,a48-decibel（dB）noise,whichisquieterthanthe50-dBhumofarefrigerator,

was3.4timesmorelikelytocauseachangeinparticipants1pulsewaveamplitude（脉搏波振幅）,

whichisameasurementthatrelatestobloodflow.Participants*heartratesrespondedtothenoiseaswell.

Afterbeingexposedtoanoiseofover40dB,

theyexperiencedanincreasefollowedbyadecreaseintheirheartrates.Thestudynotedthatthesesound

levelsareundertherecommended70dBlimitbytheWorldHealthOrganization.

Physiologicalreactionsthatthestudymonitored,suchasheartratesandbloodflow,mayrootinthe

properresponsesthatmaybe"potentiallyneededtodefendagainstthreatsduringsleep,

uresearcherssaid.

Sleepistypicallyatimeforthebodytorestandrecover,

andnoise-causedactivationofthesecardiovascularresponsesduringsleepmaypreventapersonfromge

ttingtheproperamountofhealthysleeptheyneed.

Researchersnotedthatbeingexposedtonoisepollutionduringsleepmayincreasetheriskofcardio

vasculardisease,suchashypertension,heartdisease,

andotherharmfulhealtheffects.Tohelpreducethepotentialincreasedhealthriskscausedbyfrequentn

oise-causedsleepdisturbances,

researchersnotethattheirfindingshelpcreatepublicpoliciesaroundnoiselevelsduringsleep.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"adverse"inthefirstparagraphmean?___

A.Positive.B.Obvious.C.Harmful.D.Common.

9.WhichofthefollowingwillNOTreacttothenoises?

A.Pulsewaveamplitude.B.Senseofsafetyandduty.

C.Bloodflowandheartrates.D.Possiblesleepawakening.

10.Whatdoresearchershopetoseeaftertheirfindings?___

A.Allpeoplecanrestandrecoverinnoise-freeenvironments.

B.Physiologicalreactionscanbemonitoredformostpeople.

C.Frequentnoise-causedsleepdisturbanceswilldisappearsoon.

D.Officialpoliciescanbeputonnoisepollutiontoguaranteebettersleep.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?___

A.Noiseduringsleepaffectsyourheart.C.Noisepollutionduringsleepwillbebanned.

B.Noise-freesleepischangingyourlife.D.Variousphysicalreactionsariseduringsleep.

D

ScotCase,VicePresidentoftheenvironmentalmarketingfirmTerraChoice,

wasnothappy.Caselastyearsenthisresearchersintoabig-boxretailstoretoevaluatethegreenadvertis

ingclaimsofsomeoftheproductsonitsshelves.Theresultswereshocking,ofthe1,

018productsTerraChoicesurveyed,allbutonefailedtoliveupfullytotheirgreenboasts.

Hecouldn'tbelievetheresult,andhadhisteamredothesurvey,

buttheresultscamebackthesame."Itjustshowswe,reawashingreenwash."Hesaid.

Manyconsumersmaynothaveheardthetermgreenwashing,

butthey,vesurelyexperiencedit——misleadingmarketingabouttheenvironmentalbenefitsofaproduct.

Greenwashingisn'tnew—eversincetheenvironmentwasanissueintheearly1970s.Asgoinggreenha

sbecomebigbusiness,

environmentaladvocatesworrythattrulygreencompaniescouldgetlostinthesituation.

"Wehavesuchachallengeaheadofusonclimatechange,saysKevinTuerff,

aco-founderofthemarketingconsultancyEnviroMedia.uGreenwashingharmstheeffortweneedtobe

making."

Thefirststeptocleaningupgreenwashingistoidentifyit,

andTuerffandhispartnershavehitonaninnovativewaytospotlightparticularlyabnormalexamples.T

hey'velaunchedtheGreenwashingIndexawebsitethatallowsconsumerstopostadsthatmightbeexam

piesofgreenwashingandratethemonascaleof1to5-1isalittlegreenlie；Sisabiggreenlie.

It'sasimpledevice,

butitshowsthepoweroftheInternetouncovermisleadingadswithasimpleWebsearch,

anyconsumercanfindouttheindextheywanttoknow.Googlingisn'ttheonlywaytotakeoutthegreen

washing,

however.TheTerraChoicewebsiteoffersalistofwhatitcallsthe',sixsinsofgreenwashing',—sixsim

piesignsthatshouldremindconsumersofacompanythatismoreinterestedinsellingtheearththansavi

ngit.

,'Wehavebettergreenproductsbutalotofexaggerated（夸张的）claims,

usaysCase."Thatcouldbeenoughtodestroythewholegreenmovement"—andthat,snotalittlegreen

lie.

12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutgreenwashing?___

A.Itisharmfulfortheenvironment.

B.Itisaspecialwaytowashsoastosavewater.

C.Itisenvironment-friendlysoitshouldbeadvocated.

D.Itisbeneficialforboththeconsumersandthecompanies.

13.Whichmeasureshouldbeusedtotacklethegreenwashing?___

A.Holdinghearingstotellgenuineenvironmentalclaimsfromfalseones.

B.LaunchingtheGreenwashingIndexawebsitetoexposegreenwashing.

C.Offeringalistofusixsinsofgreenwashing"forcompanies'reference.

D.UpdatingGreenGuideforconsumerswhichhasn'tchangedsince1998.

14.WhichofthefollowingshowsNOsignofgreenwashing?___

A.Organicproductsbutwithoutanycertificates.

B.Energy-efficientproductsmadeofharmfulmaterial.

C.Foodwhichislowinnutritionbuthighincalorie.

D.Pesticideswhicharesaidtobeenvironment-friendly.

15.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?___

A.Theeffortonenvironmentalprotection.

B.Theadvocationofgreenadvertisements.

C.Thedistinctionbetweengreenproductsandcommonones.

D.Thedistinctionbetweenrealenvironmentalclaimsandfalseones.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)

"Alwayswearsunscreen.u"Eatabalanceddiet.""Apennysavedisapennyearned."YouprobablyallIe

arnedtheselessonsasakid.Butchancesare,despiteknowingthese,

youstillsteppedoutsidewithoutputtingonsunscreen,

gulpedanentirebagofchipsinonegoorspentmoremoneythanyouhadexpected.(1)___It,sami

stakenideathatknowingishalfthebattle.Inmostsituations,

justknowingsomethingisnotnearlyenoughforyoutoputitintopractice.

(2)Behavioralscientistshaveseenpeoplestruggletosavemoney,tocutbackontheirexpenses,

evenafterthey,vetakenafinancialclass.Peopleknowwhattheyneedtodotoimprovetheirfinancialsit

uation-tosavemoreandspendless.Theybelievethatfinancialsecurityisjustaproblemthatcanbetau

ghttosolve.

(3)__Americaspendsnearly700milliondollarseveryyearonfinancialeducationprograms,

yetresearchershavefoundthattheseprogramsexplainedonly0.1%ofthechangeinfinancialbehavior.

(4)___Ifyouarestruggling,

it'snotbecausethere'ssomethingwrongwithyou.It'smostlikelybecausethereissomethingwrongwith

howyourenvironmentissetup.Lookaroundyou.Thesignalstospendmoneyhavegotsmarterandfast

er.(5)___Youcanreshapeyourenvironmentandhowyouinteractwithit.

A.Howtoaddressthat?

B.Butitisoftennotthecase.

C.Sowhatisthereasonforit?

0.Informationdoesn'talwayschangebehavior.

E.Behaviorchangeisnoteducationalpursuitbutanenvironmentalone.

F.Theyrefertofinancialeducationasawaythatcanmakemoneyforthem.

G.Targetedadsaregettingmorepersonalized；everythingaroundyouisfocusingonspending.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30.0分)

WhileworkingasagraduatestudentinChicago,AndriaZafirakouwasgiventhemuchexhaustingjobof

collectingsurveydatainEllisAve,aspartofanacademicresearchproject.(21)sheapproacheda

passer-by,shethoughtshewouldhearthemtellherhowannoyedtheywere.Yetthebad

responses(22)came,manymorepeoplewere(23)toanswerthequestionnairesthanshe

had(24).

Wasitpossible,shewondered,thatmostofusarewrongabout(25)peoplewanttorespond

toourrequests?Overthefollowingdecade,sheconductedmultiplestudiesthat(26)thiswas

indeedthecase:undermanydifferent(27),peopleareoftenfarmorelikelyto(28)thanwe

assume.

(29).itseemedthattheresultsprovidedarefreshingly(30)viewofhumannature."It

startedasapositivething一itis(31)toknowthatpeoplearemorelikelytodothingsforyou

thanyouthink.,,However,withtimegoingbyandmorereflectionsontheresults,Andriahascome

to(32)thatherresultsreflectabroadertendencythatWeusually(33)howmuchinfluence

ourwordscanhave(34)others,whetherwe'reaskingthemto(35)actionsthataregoodor

bad.Peopleoftenagreetodowhattheyareaskedbecausetheyfindittoo(36)tosayno,even

whentheyfeeluncomfortablewithour(37).

Knowingthiscanhelpusunderstandhowourdemandsmight(38)other

people一particularlyintheworkplaceandhelpusadjustourrequestsaccordinglyinwaysthat

respectpeople's(39)andwithout(40)whattheyhavedoneforusforgranted.

21.A.OvertimeB.InnotimeC.EachtimeD.Attimes

22.A.oftenB.onceC.rarelyD.immediately

23.A.reluctantB.readyC.anxiousD.hesitant

24.A.recognizedB.requestedC.promisedD.expected

25.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.how

26.A.madeforB.markedoutC.madeoutD.madesure

27.A.occasionsB.situationsC.circumstancesD.cases

28.A.ignoreB.cooperateC.rejectD.complain

29.A.OnthesurfaceB.OnthewholeC.OnthecontraryD.

Onthego

30.A.neutralB.criticalC.negativeD.optimistic

31.A.strangeB.greatC.disappointingD.normal

32.A.denyB.doubtC.appreciateD.subscribe

33.A.underestimateB.overstateC.distinguishD.misuse

34.A.inB.withC.aboveD.on

35.A.imitateB.practiceC.measureD.perform

36.A.awkwardB.touchedC.surprisedD.amused

37.A.suggestionsB.requestsC.questsD.order

38.A.misleadB.impressC.infectD.affect

39.A.defenseB.assumptionsC.boundariesD.rudeness

40.A.ignoringB.takingC.goingD.bringing

四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

41.Goingagainstthetideofflockingtowell-knowntouristdestinationsonvacation,

(1)___growingnumberofholidaymakersinChinatendtospendtheirleisuretimeatlesser-kn

own(2)___(resort)toseekunique,relaxedholidayexperiences.Thiskindoftourism,

(3)___call)"ReverseTourism",

hasemerged(4)___anewtrendamongyoungholidaymakersinChina.Theyare

(5)(increasing)reluctanttofollowtheherd,someof

(6)aresimplylookingtotakearestsomewherequietforacoupleofdays.Unlike

(7)(popularity)destinations,someunderexploredplaceswithlittleonline(8)_____(expose)

canoffermoresuɪprises.(9)___(give)arealboosttothetourismmarket,

itissuggestedthatmoreefforts(10)___(make)totapthepotentialofunderrated,

lesser-knowndestinations.

(I)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改错(本大题共1小题，共10.0分)

42.假定英语课上老师请你修改以下作文，文有中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(A),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

Ialwayshadadreamtobeafluencyspeaker.However,

suchshywasIthatIdidn'tdaretoutterawordinpublic.Thatwasjustbeyondmywildestimaginati

onwasthatfortuneshouldblessmewithachancetorealizemydream.Oneday,

myEnglishteacheraskedmetogotoherofficeandtoldmeIwasgivenanuniqueopportunitytota

kepartinanEnglishspeakingcompetition.Hearingthis,Icouldhardlyhidemyexcitement,

hopedtogiveitashotimmediately.Whenmakingpreparationforthecompetition,

ɪwrotemyspeechheartandsoul.Afterfinishingthecomposition,

IdiscusseditwithmyteacherandgotmuchadviceonhowtoimproveitUnderthehelpofmyEngl

ishteacher,

Ididn'tlosemyheartandmadegreatprogress.OnlythenIrealizethatitwasgreatbeneficialtoturn

toteachersforhelpwhenconfrontedwithdifficulties.

六、书面表达(本大题共1小题，共25.0分)

43.为庆祝"五一国际劳动节"，学校英语报以"LaborEducationCounts”为题征稿，请写一篇

英语短文，内容包括：

(1)你的一次劳动体验；

(2)谈谈劳动教育的重要性。

词数100左右；题目已为你写好

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】CxAxA

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据ZOne部分中的ThegroUndfIOoriStheZoneWhereyoUCantalk.（一

楼是聊天区。）可知，在一楼，如果你想的话，可以随心所欲地聊天。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据Group-StudyPlaces部分中的Youcanusearoomthreehoursperday,

ninehoursatmostperweek.（你一天可以使用一个房间三小时，一周最多九小时。）可知，一天最

多使用学习室三小时。故选A。

（3）细节理解题o根据RUleStoBeFOlloWed部分中的

MobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereintheIibrary-Keepyourphoneonsilentasifyo

uwereinalectureandexitthelibraryifyouneedtoreceiveCanS.（图书馆内任何地方都不允许使用手

机。把手机调成静音，就像在上课一样：如果需要接电话，就离开图书馆。）可知，在图书馆，

是允许把手机调成静音的。故选A。

本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了在StockholmUniversityLibrary中需要注意的事项。这里有专门的

默读区、讨论区，以及如何使用计算机、存储材料以及使用手机和带食物及饮料等的规定。

1.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致

的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，

做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原

文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的

信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4~7.【答案】A、D、B、D

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段Ayearlater,shecreatedtheB.YellowtailCollective,

madeupofnativeartists,

tofostereconomicopportunitiesfortheircommunities.Manyofthoseartistsarewomenfromdifferent

tribesbutallofthempreservetheircultureandmoveitforwardthroughtheirmediumofchoice.（——年

后，她创建了由本土艺术家组成的B-YellowtailCollective,为他们的社区创造经济机会。这些艺

术家中有许多是来自不同部落的女性，但她们都保存了自己的文化，并通过自己选择的媒介将其

发扬光大。）可知BethanyYelloWtaiI建立了B.YeΠowtail来延续他们的文化。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段TheeXtramoneyhas,ofcourse,

increasedartists'incomeinthepastyear,buttherelationshipisinterdependent：

withouttheworkofthoseartists,B.Yellowtailwouldn'texistandnativeculturewouldfeeltheloss.（当

然，在过去的一年里，额外的钱增加了艺术家的收入，但这种关系是相互依存的：没有这些艺术

家的工作，B.Yellowtail就不会存在，本土文化也会受到损失。）可知，艺术家的收入与本土文化

的发展息息相关。故选D。

（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段

DewandaLittleCoyoteisYellowtail'smother.Familyisdeeplyimportanttotheirtribe.Soisart,

whichoftenrunsinthefamily—andalongthematriarchal（母系的）side（DewandaLittleCoyote是

YeIk）Wtail的妈妈。家庭对他们的部落非常重要。艺术也是如此，它通常在家族中流传一沿着母系

一边）可知文中提到了DeWandaLittIeCoyote,以展示土著文化是如何流传下来的。故选B。

（4）观点态度题。根据文章第二段

Sheknowsfirst-handtheimportanceofarttomaintainingnativetraditions.In2015sheturnedthatkno

wledgeintoherownbrand：B.Yellowtail.Ayearlater,shecreatedtheB.YellowtaiICollective,

madeupofnativeartists,

tofostereconomicopportunitiesfortheircommunities.Manyofthoseartistsarewomenfromdifferent

tribesbulallofthempreservetheircultureandmoveitforwardthroughtheirmediumofchoice.（她亲

身体会到艺术对保持本土传统的重要性。2015年，她将这些知识转化为自己的品牌：B.YellowtaiL

一年后，她创建了BYellowtailCollective,由当地艺术家组成，为他们的社区创造经济机会。这

些艺术家中有许多是来自不同部落的女性，但她们都保存了自己的文化，并通过自己选择的媒介

将其发扬光大。）可知BethanyYellOWIail富有创造力，坚定而无私。故选D。

本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了BethanyYellOWtaiI创建了B-YellowtailCollective,由当地艺术家

组成，为他们的社区创造经济机会，延续他们的文化。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在

十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺

序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对

文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。

其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息

进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，

研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖

掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer,imply,suggest,

indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，

掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因

果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~1L【答案】C、B、D、A

（解析】（1）词句猜测题。根据上一句Theyfound由atcertainlevelsofnoisewhilesleeping,eventhose

belowrecommendedsafelevels,mayaffectaperson'scardiovascular（心血管的）response.（他们发

现,睡眠过程中的一定程度的噪声，即使低于推荐的安全等级，可能会影响一个人的心血管反应。）

可知，睡觉时噪音会影响人的心血管反应。由此推断，划线词所在句子Whenslowlyactivatedduring

sleep,theseresponses',couldpotentiallyhaveadverseeffectsonthecardiovascularsystem,πsaid

researchers.（研究人员说，当这些反应在睡眠中被缓慢激活时，”可能会对心血管系统产生adverse

影响"）中，adverse表达的意思是“不利的，有害的”。A积极的；B.明显的；C.有害的；D.普遍的。

选项C与划线词意思接近。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段Researchersexposed20adultparticipantstovariousdecibelsofwind

farmandroadnoisewhileasleep,andthenmonitoredphysicalresponsesincludingbloodflowandheart

ratesaswellassleepawakenings.Althoughasleep,participantsreactedtothesenoises,asfoundbythe

researchers.（研究人员让20名成年参与者在睡眠时暴露在不同分贝的风电场和道路噪音中，然后

监测身体反应，包括血液流动和心率以及睡眠觉醒。研究人员发现，虽然参与者睡着了，但他们

对这些噪音有反应。）可知，血流量和心率、睡眠觉醒对噪音是有反应的，故排除C、D项；根

据文章第三段Forexample,a48-decibel（dB）noise,whichisquieterthanthe50-dBhumofarefrigerator,

was3.4timesmorelikelytocauseachangeinparticipants*pulsewaveamplitude（脉搏波振幅），which

isameasurementthatrelatestobloodflow.（例如，48分贝的噪音比50分贝的冰箱嗡嗡声更安静，

导致参与者脉搏波振幅变化的可能性要高3、4倍，这是一种与血液流动有关的测量方法。）可知，

噪音对脉冲波幅也会造成影响，排除A。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Tohelpreducethepotentialincreasedhealthriskscausedby

frequentnoise-causedsleepdisturbances,researchersnotethattheirfindingshelpcreatepublicpolicies

aroundnoiselevelsduringsleep.（为了帮助减少频繁的噪音引起的睡眠障碍所带来的潜在的健康风

险，研究人员指出，他们的发现有助于制定围绕睡眠噪音水平的公共政策。）可知，研究人员希

望能够针对噪音污染制定官方政策来保证更好的睡眠。故选D。

（4）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中ResearchersoutofAustralia'sFlindersUniversityrecentlystudied

variousphysicalreactionsduringsleepwhenexposedtonoise.Theyfoundthatcertainlevelsofnoisewhile

sleeping,eventhosebelowrecommendedsafelevels,mayaffectaperson'scardiovascular（心血管的）

response.（澳大利亚弗林德斯大学的研究人员最近研究了睡眠中暴露在噪音下的各种身体反应。

他们发现，睡眠过程中的一定程度的噪声，即使低于推荐的安全等级，可能会影响一个人的心血

管反应。）以及文章倒数第二段SIeePiStyPiCallyatimefOrthebodytoreStandreeOver,and

noise-causedactivationofthesecardiovascularresponsesduringsleepmaypreventapersonfromgetting

theproperamountofhealthysleeptheyneed.（睡眠通常是身体休息和恢复的时间，睡眠中噪音引起

的这些心血管反应的激活可能会阻止一个人获得所需的适量健康睡眠。）和最后一段中Researchers

notedthalbeingexposedtonoisepollutionduringsleepmayincreasetheriskofcardiovasculardisease,

suchashypertension,heartdisease,andotherharmfulhealtheffects.（研究人员指出，睡眠时暴露在

噪音污染中可能会增加患心血管疾病的风险，如高血压、心脏病和其他有害健康的影响。）可知，

本文主要介绍了研究发现睡眠时暴露在噪音污染中可能会增加患心血管疾病的风险。A项“睡眠时

的噪音会影响你的心脏”能够概括文章内容，故选Ao

本文是一篇说明文。澳