全球首例感染艾滋病痊愈女患者诞生！治疗方法有何神奇之处

名师精讲外刊全球首例感染艾滋病痊愈女患者诞生！治疗方法有何神奇之处？AWomanIsCuredofH.I.V.UsingaNovelTreatment名师精讲外刊在美国丹佛举行的第29届逆转录病毒和机会性感染会议（CROI）上，来自威尔康奈尔医学院的研究团队报告了一个案例：纽约一名感染艾滋病毒（HIV）且患有急性髓系白血病（AML）的女性在接受了来自对HIV具有自然抵抗力供体的干细胞移植后，成为迄今为止全球第一位女性和第三位治愈艾滋病的人。课前问题1.“beimmuneto”是什么意思？2.这位女患者是通过什么方法治愈艾滋病的？导读名师精讲外刊AWomanIsCuredofH.I.V.UsingaNovelTreatment【基础解析】noveladj.新的；新颖的；新奇的【释】notlikeanythingknownbefore,andunusualorinteresting【例】novelidea/approach/method新奇的想法/方法名师精讲外刊AwomanofmixedraceappearstobethethirdpersonevertobecuredofH.I.V.,usinganewtransplantmethodinvolvingumbilicalcordbloodthatopensupthepossibilityofcuringmorepeopleofdiverseracialbackgroundsthanwaspreviouslypossible,scientistsannouncedonTuesday.【基础解析】umbilicalcordblood脐带血【背景知识】脐带血是宝宝出生后、脐带结扎并离断后残留在脐带和胎盘中的血液。脐带血内含有丰富的造血干细胞（stemcell），是胎儿人体制造血液及免疫系统的主要来源，出生后则以骨髓为主。通过脐带血干细胞移植，可以治疗80多种疾病，像白血病、再生障碍性贫血、淋巴瘤等。名师精讲外刊AwomanofmixedraceappearstobethethirdpersonevertobecuredofH.I.V.,usinganewtransplantmethodinvolvingumbilicalcordbloodthatopensupthepossibilityofcuringmorepeopleofdiverseracialbackgroundsthanwaspreviouslypossible,scientistsannouncedonTuesday.【长难句分析】Awomanofmixedrace(宾语从句主语)appears(宾语从句系动词)tobethethirdpersonever(宾语从句表语)tobecuredofH.I.V.(不定式短语作后置定语，修饰person),usinganewtransplantmethod(现在分词短语作方式状语)involvingumbilicalcordblood(现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰method)thatopensupthepossibilityofcuringmorepeopleofdiverseracialbackgroundsthanwaspreviouslypossible(that引导的定语从句，修饰method),scientists(主句主语)announced(主句谓语)onTuesday.精讲试听结束Cordbloodismorewidelyavailablethantheadultstemcellstypicallyusedinbonemarrowtransplants,anddoesnotneedtobematchedascloselytotherecipient.ThesexandracialbackgroundofthenewcasemarkasignificantstepforwardindevelopingacureforH.I.V.,theresearcherssaid.InfectionwithH.I.V.isthoughttoprogressdifferentlyinwomenthaninmen,butwhilewomenaccountformorethanhalfofH.I.Vcasesintheworld,theymakeuponly11percentofparticipantsincuretrials.PowerfulantiretroviraldrugscancontrolH.I.V.,butacureiskeytoendingthedecades-oldpandemic.Worldwide,nearly38millionpeoplearelivingwithH.I.V.,andabout73percentofthemarereceivingtreatment.【基础解析】receivev.接受（治疗）【释】Ifyoureceiveaparticulartypeofmedicaltreatment,itisdonetoyou.【例】Hereceivedhospitaltreatmentforacutoverhiseye.他眼部受伤，接受了医院的治疗。Abonemarrowtransplantisnotarealisticoptionformostpatients.Suchtransplantsarehighlyinvasiveandrisky,sotheyaregenerallyofferedonlytopeoplewithcancerwhohaveexhaustedallotheroptions.【基础解析】invasiveadj.（令人不快的事物）迅速扩散的【释】(formal)(especiallyofdiseaseswithinthebody)spreadingveryquicklyanddifficulttostop【例1】Theyfoundinvasivecancerduringaroutineexamination.他们在一次例行检查中发现了扩散的癌细胞。Abonemarrowtransplantisnotarealisticoptionformostpatients.Suchtransplantsarehighlyinvasiveandrisky,sotheyaregenerallyofferedonlytopeoplewithcancerwhohaveexhaustedallotheroptions.【拓展延伸】invade/ɪnˈveɪd/v.1）武装入侵；侵略【释】Toinvadeacountrymeanstoenteritbyforcewithanarmy.【例】Inautumn1944thealliesinvadedtheItalianmainland.1944年秋，盟军攻入意大利本土。2）（人、动物）大批进入，涌入【释】Ifyousaythatpeopleoranimalsinvadeaplace,youmeanthattheyenteritinlargenumbers,ofteninawaythatisunpleasantordifficulttodealwith.【例】Peopleinvadedthestreetsinvictoryprocessionsalmostthroughouttheday.几乎一整天，大街上都挤满了欢庆胜利的游行队伍。Abonemarrowtransplantisnotarealisticoptionformostpatients.Suchtransplantsarehighlyinvasiveandrisky,sotheyaregenerallyofferedonlytopeoplewithcancerwhohaveexhaustedallotheroptions.【基础解析】exhaustv.1）用完，耗尽【释】touseallofsomething【例】Weareindangerofexhaustingtheworld'soilsupply.我们面临世界石油储备耗尽的危险。【近义词】useup2）使精疲力竭【释】tomakesomeonefeelextremelytired【例】Afullday'steachingexhaustsme.讲一整天课令我精疲力竭。Abonemarrowtransplantisnotarealisticoptionformostpatients.Suchtransplantsarehighlyinvasiveandrisky,sotheyaregenerallyofferedonlytopeoplewithcancerwhohaveexhaustedallotheroptions.【拓展延伸】exhaustn.（车辆、发动机或机器排出的）废气【释】wastegasesthatcomeoutofavehicle,anengineoramachine【例】carexhaustfumes/emissions汽车排出的废气；汽车排放物TherehaveonlybeentwoknowncasesofanH.I.V.curesofar.BothmenreceivedbonemarrowtransplantsfromdonorswhocarriedamutationthatblocksH.I.V.infection.【基础解析】mutatev.使（遗传基因等）突变；经受突变【释】Ifananimalorplantmutates,orsomethingmutatesit,itdevelopsdifferentcharacteristicsastheresultofachangeinitsgenes.【例】HIVhasproventopossessanabilitytomutateintodrug-resistantforms.艾滋病病毒经证实能突变成抗药型病毒。Inthepreviouscases,asthebonemarrowtransplantsreplacedalloftheirimmunesystems,bothmensufferedpunishingsideeffects,includinggraftversushostdisease,aconditioninwhichthedonor’scellsattacktherecipient'sbody.【基础解析】immuneadj.1）有免疫力的【释】~(tosth)thatcannotcatchorbeaffectedbyaparticulardiseaseorillness【例】Thisbloodtestwillshowwhetherornotyou'reimmunetothedisease.这个血检会显示你是否对这种疾病具有免疫力。2）不受影响的【释】~(tosth)notaffectedbysth【例】beimmunetocriticism不在乎他人的批评Inthepreviouscases,asthebonemarrowtransplantsreplacedalloftheirimmunesystems,bothmensufferedpunishingsideeffects,includinggraftversushostdisease,aconditioninwhichthedonor’scellsattacktherecipient'sbody.【基础解析】punishingadj.艰难持久的；令人筋疲力尽的【释】longanddifficultandmakingyouworkhardsoyoubecomeverytired【例】ThePresidenthasapunishingscheduleforthenextsixmonths.总统今后六个月的工作日程十分繁忙。Inthepreviouscases,asthebonemarrowtransplantsreplacedalloftheirimmunesystems,bothmensufferedpunishingsideeffects,includinggraftversushostdisease,aconditioninwhichthedonor’scellsattacktherecipient'sbody.【基础解析】conditionn.长期疾病【释】anillnessoramedicalproblemthatyouhaveforalongtimebecauseitisnotpossibletocureit【例】Hesuffersfromaseriousheartcondition.他患有严重的心脏病。Bycontrast,thewomaninthelatestcaseleftthehospitalbyday17afterhertransplantanddidnotdevelopgraftversushostdisease.Thecombinationofcordbloodandherrelative'scellsmighthavesparedhermuchofthebrutalsideeffectsofatypicalbonemarrowtransplant.【基础解析】sparev.使免遭伤害；使幸免【释】Ifapersonoraplaceisspared,theyarenotharmed,eventhoughotherpeopleorplaceshavebeen.【用法】sparesb(from)sth【例】Wehavelosteverything,butthankGod,ourliveshavebeenspared.我们已经失去了一切，不过谢天谢地，总算是保住了性命。Bycontrast,thewomaninthelatestcaseleftthehospitalbyday17afterhertransplantanddidnotdevelopgraftversushostdisease.Thecombinationofcordbloodandherrelative'scellsmighthavesparedhermuchofthebrutalsideeffectsofatypicalbonemarrowtransplant.【基础解析】brutaladj.残酷无情的；难以忍受的【释】Brutalisusedtodescribethingsthathaveanunpleasanteffectonpeople,especiallywhenthereisnoattemptbyanyonetoreducetheireffect.【例】Thedipinpricesthissummerwillbebrutal.今年夏天价格的大幅下跌将会很残酷。Thewoman,whoisnowpastmiddleage,receivedcordbloodfromadonorwiththemutationthatblocksH.I.V.'sentryintocells.Butitcantakeaboutsixweeksforcordbloodcellstoengraft,soshewasalsogivenpartiallymatchedbloodstemcellsfromafirst-degreerelative.Thehalf-matched"haplo"cellsfromherrelativeproppedupherimmunesystemuntilthecordbloodcellsbecamedominant,makingthetransplantmuchlessdangerous.【基础解析】propup支撑；维持【例1】Thebuildersaretryingtopropupthecrumblingwallsofthechurch.建筑工人正在设法把快要倒塌的教堂墙壁撑住。【例2】Thegovernmentintroducedmeasurestopropupthestockmarket.政府推出措施来扶持股市。【例3】Sheproppedherselfupononeelbow.她用一边胳膊肘撑起身子。Thehalf-matched"haplo"cellsfromherrelativeproppedupherimmunesystemuntilthecordbloodcellsbecamedominant,makingthetransplantmuchlessdangerous.【基础解析】dominantadj.强大的，占优势的，突出的【释】morepowerful,important,ornoticeablethanotherpeopleorthings【例1】Thefirmhasachievedadominantpositionintheworldmarket.这家公司在国际市场上占有举足轻重的地位。【例2】Japanbecamedominantinthemassmarketduringthe1980s.20世纪80年代日本在大众市