“差评”对男女的影响有何不同

名师精讲外刊“差评”对男女的影响有何不同？Hownegativefeedbackimpactswomenandmendifferently名师精讲外刊在职场上遇到别人的负面评价时，你会下意识地先反思自己？还是会先反驳？有研究显示，在对待外界“差评”时，男性会表现得比女性更有自信。这样的“自信”是一件好事还是坏事？一起来看今天的精读文章。课前问题1.“自视甚高”用英文可以怎么表达？2.“lose”和“loseout”有什么区别？导读名师精讲外刊Hownegativefeedbackimpactswomenandmendifferently名师精讲外刊Awhileback,Iwastalkingaboutanewopportunityatmycurrentjobwithafriendoverdinner.Ononehand,IfeltconfidentIwouldbegreatatitifgiventhechance.Ontheotherhand,iftheyrejectedme,IwasreadyandwillingtointerpretthatasironcladproofthatIwasterrible.【基础解析】ironcladadj.无法更改的，铁定的【释】verycertainandunlikelytobechanged【例】anironcladguarantee/rule/fact绝对的保证/铁定的规矩/铁的事实【拓展延伸】clad/klæd/adj.穿……衣服的，被……覆盖的；被……笼罩的【例1】She'scladinherpajamas.她穿着睡衣。【例2】Themountainiscladinthemist.山周围雾气缭绕。精讲试听结束"Imean,IthinkI'mgreat,"Iexplainedfiercely."Andiftheydon'tthinkso"-hereIfaltered-"maybethey'reright!"【基础解析】falterv.（因不自信）畏缩不前，开始出错；犹疑【释】tolosestrengthorpurposeandstop,oralmoststop【例】Nigel'svoicefalteredandhestoppedspeaking.奈杰尔的声音颤抖了，他没再继续说下去。Ididn'tknowitatthetime,butIwasmoreorlessplayingoutaresearch-backedphenomenon:Thatwomenaremorelikelythanmentointernalizenegativefeedback.【基础解析】playout（使）（戏剧性的事件）逐渐发生；（使）展开【释】Ifadramaticeventisplayedout,itgraduallytakesplace.【例】Herunionreformswereplayedoutagainstabackgroundofrisingunemployment.她对工会的改革是在失业率不断上升的背景下展开的。Ididn'tknowitatthetime,butIwasmoreorlessplayingoutaresearch-backedphenomenon:Thatwomenaremorelikelythanmentointernalizenegativefeedback.【基础解析】internalizev.使（信仰、价值观等）内在化；吸收【释】Ifyouinternalizesomethingsuchasabelieforasetofvalues,youmakeitbecomepartofyourattitudeorwayofthinking.【例】Overtime,sheinternalizedherparents'attitudes.随着时间的流逝，她认同了父母的看法并将之融为自我意识的一部分。Otherpeople'snegativeopinionscanhaveanoutsizeeffectonourself-image,deterringusfrompursuinggoalsandnewopportunities.【基础解析】outsizeadj.（尤指衣服）超过标准尺寸的，特大号的【释】(especiallyofclothing)muchlargerthanusual【例】Theyspecializeinoutsizeclothes.他们专营特大尺码服装。Hownegativefeedbackaffectsself-confidenceWhilesomeresearchsuggeststhatwomenchronicallyunderestimatetheirabilities,otherstudieshavefoundthatit'snotuncommonforbothmenandwomentobeoverlyoptimisticabouttheirperformancebeforetheygetanoutsideview.A2021studypostedonthewebsiteoftheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchfoundthatbothmenandwomenoverestimatedhowwellthey'dperformonverbalandmathtests.Butafterreceivingthenewsthatthey’dgottenlowerscoresthananotherrandomly-selectedparticipant,womenweremorecircumspectthanmenabouttheirabilitiesandlesswillingtocompetewhilemenadjustedtheirbeliefsbackmorepositively.【基础解析】circumspectadj.小心的；谨慎的；审慎的【释】Ifyouarecircumspect,youarecautiousinwhatyoudoandsayanddonottakerisks.【例】Officialswerecircumspectaboutwhatthetalkshadachieved.官员们对谈判所取得的成果持谨慎态度。A2021studypostedonthewebsiteoftheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchfoundthatbothmenandwomenoverestimatedhowwellthey'dperformonverbalandmathtests.Butafterreceivingthenewsthatthey’dgottenlowerscoresthananotherrandomly-selectedparticipant,womenweremorecircumspectthanmenabouttheirabilitiesandlesswillingtocompetewhilemenadjustedtheirbeliefsbackmorepositively.【长难句分析】Butafterreceivingthenews(时间状语)thatthey'dgottenlowerscoresthananotherrandomly-selectedparticipant(同位语从句，解释news),womenweremorecircumspectthanmenabouttheirabilitiesandlesswillingtocompete(主句)whilemenadjustedtheirbeliefsbackmorepositively(while引导的比较状语从句).TheprosandconsofoverconfidenceThisraisesaninterestingquestion:Isapersonbetteroffsustaininganinflatedself-perception,orholdingaself-imagethat'smoreinlinewithreality?【基础解析】inlinewith与……一致；符合【例】Wearegoingtocreateanenvironmentinlinewithinternationalstandards.我们会创造与国际标准一致的投资环境。It'struethatpeoplewhoprojectconfidencetendtobeseenasmorecompetentandmoreadmirable.Inorganizations,peopleareveryeasilyswayedbyothers'confidenceevenwhenthatconfidenceisunjustified.Thatmeansmenmaywellhavealegupintheircareersifnegativefeedbacktendstobouncerightoffofthem.【基础解析】projectv.（使）呈现；（使）表现；（使）展现【释】Ifyouprojectsomeoneorsomethinginaparticularway,youtrytomakepeopleseetheminthatway.Ifyouprojectaparticularfeelingorquality,youshowitinyourbehaviour.【例】Bradleyprojectsanaturalwarmthandsincerity.布拉德利表现出一种自然的热情和真诚。It'struethatpeoplewhoprojectconfidencetendtobeseenasmorecompetentandmoreadmirable.Inorganizations,peopleareveryeasilyswayedbyothers'confidenceevenwhenthatconfidenceisunjustified.Thatmeansmenmaywellhavealegupintheircareersifnegativefeedbacktendstobouncerightoffofthem.【基础解析】swayv.影响；左右【释】Ifyouareswayedbysomeoneorsomething,youareinfluencedbythem.【例】Don'teverbeswayedbyfashion.永远不要受潮流的影响。It'struethatpeoplewhoprojectconfidencetendtobeseenasmorecompetentandmoreadmirable.Inorganizations,peopleareveryeasilyswayedbyothers'confidenceevenwhenthatconfidenceisunjustified.Thatmeansmenmaywellhavealegupintheircareersifnegativefeedbacktendstobouncerightoffofthem.【基础解析】havealegup【释】tohaveanadvantageoverothers【例】Thecompanyhasaleguponthecompetitionthankstotherecentpublicity.由于近期的宣传，公司在竞争中领先一筹。It'struethatpeoplewhoprojectconfidencetendtobeseenasmorecompetentandmoreadmirable.Inorganizations,peopleareveryeasilyswayedbyothers'confidenceevenwhenthatconfidenceisunjustified.Thatmeansmenmaywellhavealegupintheircareersifnegativefeedbacktendstobouncerightoffofthem.【基础解析】bounceoff（使）（声或光）反射【释】Ifsoundorlightbouncesoffasurfaceorisbouncedoffit,itreachesthesurfaceandisreflectedback.【例】Ifyoubounceabasketballoffofabackboard,itbouncesback.篮球从篮板上弹起时，它会反弹回来。Butthereareadvantagestocheckingourconfidence,too.PsychologistTomi-AnnRobertswroteinamuch-cited1991articlethatwomentypicallyseefeedbackas"opportunitiestogaininformationabouttheirabilities,"whilemenmaybeproneto"aself-confidentapproachthatleadsthemtodenytheinformationalvalueofothers’evaluations."Inthelongterm,ifwomentakenegativefeedbackmoreseriously,theymayhaveabettershotatimprovingandgrowing.【长难句分析】PsychologistTomi-AnnRoberts(主语)wrote(谓语)inamuch-cited1991article(状语)thatwomentypicallyseefeedbackas"opportunitiestogaininformationabouttheirabilities,"whilemenmaybeproneto"aself-confidentapproach(宾语从句，作write的宾语)thatleadsthemtodenytheinformationalvalueofothers'evaluations(定语从句，修饰approach)."Butthereareadvantagestocheckingourconfidence,too.PsychologistTomi-AnnRobertswroteinamuch-cited1991articlethatwomentypicallyseefeedbackas"opportunitiestogaininformationabouttheirabilities,"whilemenmaybeproneto"aself-confidentapproachthatleadsthemtodenytheinformationalvalueofothers’evaluations."Inthelongterm,ifwomentakenegativefeedbackmoreseriously,theymayhaveabettershotatimprovingandgrowing.【基础解析】beproneto有……倾向的，易于遭受（疾病）的；有（消极）倾向的【释】likelytosufferfromanillnessorshowaparticularnegativecharacteristic【例1】I'vealwaysbeenpronetoheadaches.我总是容易头痛。【例2】She'spronetoexa