一例结核性胸膜炎病例讨论

RevisionofNon-restrictiveAttributiveClausesUnit5GrammarRevisionofUnit5Grammar11.Istillremembersomepeopleandthings

thatwererelatedtoMissbrown.2.Ican’tremembereverythingthathappenedduringthetimeinuniversity.3.Theexamisgettingnear.Wehavelittletime

thatwecanmakeuseof.4.Whoisthegirlthatyoureferredinyourdiary?5.Youarethefirstperson

thatIwillthinkofintroubleHaveALk1.Istillremembersomepeople26.HeisthestudentthatIhaveeverseenwhocanjumpsohigh.7.Itishightimethatwestartedtogohome.ItisthefirsttimethatIhaveleftmymotherland.6.HeisthestudentthatIhav3【结论1】指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况：①当先行词为everything,anything,nothing,theone,none,all,much,few,any,little等不定代词时，只用that。②当先行词被theonly,thevery,all,much,few,any,little,no修饰时，只用that。③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。先行词既有人又有物时，只用that。④当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，为避免重复要用that。【结论1】指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况：4Dearfriends,I’mverygladtohavethechancetospeaktosomuchclassmateshereatpresent.TodayI’dliketotalkabouthowmiddleschoolstudentsshoulddealtheirpocketmoneyproperly.Whichisknowntoall,mostparentsgivetheirchildrenthepocketmoney.Butitisnogoodspendingthemonwhateverweliked.Inmyopinion,wecanspendsomeonbooks,forwhichwecangainalotofknowledgeandpleasure.Ifwehaveanyhobbies,wecanusesomepocketmoneytodevelopourinterestsinthem.Ontheotherhand,ifpossibly,we’dbetterputtingsomeinthebank.Itwillhelpusdevelopthehabitsofsaving.Don’tyouthinkso?Ihopeyouwillgivemeyouropinionsaboutit.Thankyou.Dearfriends,5情况例句当先行词本身就是that时；引导非限制定语从句时；直接放在介词后面作定从宾语时。which情况例句当先行词本身就是that时；which6Practice:1.Iknowthereason___hecamelate.2.Doyouknowthewoman,_____sonwenttocollegelastyear?3.Thehouse_____colorisredisJohn’s.4.Thisisthebestfilm____I’veeverseen.5.That’sthetown_____heworkedin1987.6.Ihave2brothers,____

arebothsoldiers.7.Nextweek,_____you’llspendinyourhometown,iscoming.8.I’vetried2pairsofshoes,neitherof_____

fitsme

well.whywhosewhosethatwherewhowhichwhichPractice:whywhosewhosethatwher79.Thosewho____togotothecinemamustbeattheschoolgateby3:30p.m.(want)10.Hewho___________thegreatwallisnotatrueman.(notreach)11.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho___beentoBeijing.(have)12.Heisoneoftheboyswho____seenthefilm.(have)13.Thetime________Iwentto

Tokyoisin1982.14.Theshop__________Iboughtthe

bookinisbig.wantdoesn’treachhashavewhen/thatwhich/that9.Thosewho____togotothe815.Tellmethereason____youwerelateforclass.16.Whoisthegirl_____isspeakingthere?17.ThisisMr.Smith,____hassomethinginterestingtotellyou.18.Thecomputer______CPUdoesn’tworkhastoberepaired.19.Theoldmanhas4sons,threeof____aredoctors.whythatwhowhosewhom15.Tellmethereason____you91.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

Revision1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从Revision10

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词C.在定语从句中担当一个成分

11【完成例句】(1)所有能做的都做了。

Allthatcanbedone

hasbeendone.(2)这是我第三次看这场电影。ItisthethirdtimethatIhaveseenthemovie.

(7)他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。

ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.(8)站在那儿的是谁？

Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?【完成例句】12一例结核性胸膜炎病例讨论13【完成例句】(1)我，你的好朋友，当你陷入困境的时候会帮你的。

I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.(2)

《哈利·波特》是最受青少年欢迎的畅销书之一。

HarryPotterisoneofthebest－sellersthatarepopularwithteenagers.

(3)

《哈利·波特》是唯一一本让作者成为亿万富翁的畅销书。

HarryPotteristheonlyoneofthebest－sellersthatmakestheauthorabillionaire.【完成例句】14(3)他通过了考试，这使我们很惊讶。

Hehaspassedtheexam,whichconfusesus.

众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.(4)每家有台电视,30年前我们认为是不可能的，现在实现了。

ToownaTVsetineachfamily,whichwethinkwasimpossible30yearsago,nowhasbecometrue.

(3)他通过了考试，这使我们很惊讶。15【结论2】定语从句中的主谓一致问题(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。(2)oneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数谓语动词；而theonlyoneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数谓语动词。(3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。(4)关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代。

【结论2】定语从句中的主谓一致问题16【完成例句】(1)那棵四百年的老树很有名。Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(2)这本书是关于我们要去参观的那座有名的建筑吗？Isthisthebookthatreferstothefamousbuildingwhichwewillgotovisit?【完成例句】17【结论3】只能用which的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。②介词后只用which，且不能省略。③有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用which。【结论3】只能用which的情况：18限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句译法上

译成先行词的定语：“……的”通常译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上

1.作宾语时可省略1.不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不可用who代替whom限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制19限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开用逗号“，”与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，20非限制性定语从句的用法非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。引导“非限定”的关系词有：1.指人时：2.指物时：

which

（可指某个词也可指整个主句，从句只能位于主句之后）

as

（表示正如，可位于主句前或主句后）3.指地点时：4.指时间时：5.指原因时：who,whom,whosewhich,aswhere=相应介词+whichwhen=相应介词+whichforwhich（切不可用why）非限制性定语从句的用法非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,211.Thefamousbasketballstar,_____isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMr.Black,with______shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,______costmealot.4.Xi’an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_______hewon’tbesobusy.6.Theschool,_______Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.7.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_______wastrue.8.Themanager’sdaughter,_______nameisAnn,gavemeapatientsmile.whowhomwhichwhichwhenwherewhichwhose1.Thefamousbasketballstar,22Otherexamples:1.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allof______arequitehelpfultomyhealth.2.Manypeople,someof_______arenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.3.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeof_______comefromUS.▲在ofwhich/whom

之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词whichwhomwhomOtherexamples:1.Iamdoingd23“非限定”使用须知1.从句中所有的关系词都不可省略2.从句通常不能用that引导3.在“非限定”中,指人的关系代词作宾语时,只能用宾格whom,不能用who替换,也不能省略。4.从句不能用why引导,要用forwhich

代替why5.从句置于句首时,不能用which引导;而要用关系代词as

引导(as可放主句前,也可放主句后)要点归纳要点归纳241.从句也要符合句子的基本结构2.从句只是做为句子某一成分出现的3.从句的关系词是从句开始的标志从句的特点1.从句也要符合句子的基本结构2.从句只是做为句子某一成25解题方法：还原法

即把先行词还原回到定语从句中，观察先行词在定语从句中做什么成分.一找二查三选：定语从句和先行词：先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分即定语从句中的动词和先行词的搭配：适合的关系词解题方法：还原法一找：定语从句和先行词：先行词在定语从句26Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。Teacherswhoarekindarepopu27非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.2.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.3.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.4.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×

that非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1.Hefailedin28二、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要用forwhich代替why。1.我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.2.我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。IhadtoldthemthereasonwhyIdidn'tattendthemeeting.(限制性定语从句“thereasonwhy...”是常见搭配。)要点归纳二、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要点归纳29三、非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。1.AsIexpected,hedidn'tbelieveme.正如我所预料的，他不相信我。2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。三、非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系30四、非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。1.Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,withwhichhisfatherwasangry.他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。2.Ifinishedmyworkaheadoftime,afterwhichIsatsometimereadingthenewspaper.我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了会儿报纸。四、非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系31五、

在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom;不能用who替换，也不能省略。1.DoyouknowTom,whomwetalkedabout?你认识汤姆吗?我们谈到过他。2.Thisbook,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyoualltheinformationyouneed.这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。

(非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。)五、在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾32六、Which可指前面整个句子。Thesunsendsoutlightandheat,whichmakesitpossibleforlivingthingstoexistontheearth.太阳发出光和热，这使得生物能够在地球上生存。Hisfatherisanengineer,____makeshimveryproud.A.forwhat

B.which

C.that

D.what六、Which可指前面整个句子。33FunctionpracticeSuggestedanswerstoEx3onPage41.

1.Peterdancedandsangallevening.PeopleusedtothinkPeterwasquiet.

Peter,whompeopleusedtothinkwasquiet,dancedandsangallevening.2.Sharongavemeapictureformybirthday.Shehadpainteditespeciallyforme.

Sharongavemeapictureformybirthday,whichshehadpaintedespeciallyforme.FunctionpracticeSuggested343.Wepickedalltheapplesandputtheminboxes.Theywillbetransportedabroad.Wepickedalltheapples,whichwillbetransportedabroad,andputtheminboxes.4.ThebookbySamWaterswasnotavailable.Sheaskedforit.

ThebookwhichsheaskedforbySamWaterswasnotavailable.5.Thevisa(签证)hasnotarrivedyet.IneedthevisatoentertheUS.

ThevisawhichIneedtoentertheUShasnotarrivedyet.3.Wepickedalltheapplesan356.Thetwotrafficaccidentshappenedonthesamemorning.Thentherewasaheavyfog.

Thetwotrafficaccidentshappenedonthesamemorning,whentherewasaheavyfog.7.TangLingvolunteeredtohelpthewelfarehouse.Theresheteachesthehomelesschildren.

TangLingvolunteeredtohelpthewelfarehouse,wheresheteachesthehomelesschildren.6.Thetwotrafficaccidentsh368.AnneisgoingtoAmericanextyear.Herdaughterisinmyclass.

AnnewhosedaughterisinmyclassisgoingtoAmericanextyear.9.Hewentonthebustourwithagroupofpeople.Mostofthemhadnevertraveledbefore.

Hewentonthebustourwithagroupofpeople,mostofwhomhadnevertraveledbefore.8.AnneisgoingtoAmericane371.YesterdayMr.Lifinallyboughthisownhouse,_______isahospital.A.inwhereB.totheeastofwhichC.totheeastofitD.intheeastofthat2.Mybrother'spurse,_______heput￥1,000,wasmissingonthebus.A.thereB.whichC.inwhichD.that课堂练兵1.YesterdayMr.Lifinallybo383.Hisglasses,_______hecouldseenothing,wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy.A.whichB.withoutwhichC.withwhichD.withoutthose4.Thecomputer,_______hepaid￥3,000,wasonceownedbyhisuncle.A.whichB.forwhichC.thatD.tothat3.Hisglasses,_______hecou395.Inthepastwelostmanychances,_______wepaidlittleattention.

A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.towhich6.Thepen,_______Ihadbeenwritingfortenyears,wasbroken.

A.withwhichB.withthatC.asD.withit5.Inthepastwelostmanych407.Maryhastwobrothers,________aredoctors.A.bothoftheyB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.whomofboth8.OnthewayhomeImetmyfriendJohn,from_______homethethiefhadstolenacomputer.A.whomB.whichC.thatD.whose7.Maryhastwobrothers,____419.Paul,_________everyonesuspected,turnedouttobeinnocent.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.whom10.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,

_________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.whatB.asC.thatD.who9.Paul,_________everyonesu4211.Sheshowedherteacherareason,

________shewaslateforschoolthedaybeforeyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.why12.The10:00train,_______

isusuallyverypunctual,waslatethismorning.A.asB.whenC.thatD.which11.Sheshowedherteacherar431.Iwalkedinourgarden,_______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.(2005辽宁卷) A.which B.when C.where D.that实战高考1.Iwalkedinourgarden,___442.TheBeatles,_______manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.(2006天津卷)A.whatB.thatC.howD.as3.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,____shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.(2006陕西卷)A.afterwhichB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterthat2.TheBeatles,_______manyo454.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，_______wantedtobuyit.(2007安徽卷)A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom5.

Itisreportedthattwoschools,_____arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.(2007四川卷)A.theybothB.whichboth C.bothofthemD.bothofwhich

4.Lastweek,onlytwopeople466.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.(2008湖南卷)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat7.TheywillflytoWashington,_____theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.(2008重庆卷)A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when6.Thegrowi