专题01 必修一Unit 1 Life Choices 词汇语法写作过关（讲案）学生版

2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（北师大版2019）专题01必修一Unit1词汇语法写作过关（讲案）学生版讲案目录一、重点词汇过关P21.differP22.confidenceP23.competenceP34.recoverP35.challengeP46.ariseP47.convenientP58.addictP69.aimP610.distanceP711.stressP712.sufferP813.reduceP814.frankP915.graduateP1016.inspireP1017.applyP1118.eagerP1119.responsibleP1220.intendP1221.adaptP1322.shiftP1423.plusP1424.rangeP1425.positionP14二、重点语法过关（动词不定式和-ing、-ed类形容词十大考点）P15三、同步写作过关（电子邮件）P20一、重点词汇过关1．differvi.不同，不一样，有区别(1)differfrom...in...与……在……方面不同(2)differentadj.不同的；相异的bedifferentfrom...in...与……在……方面不同(3)differencen.不同；区别tellthedifferencebetween...and...分辨……和……的不同makeadifference(to)对……有影响；使……不相同(4)differentlyadv.不同地；相异eq\o(地,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Localpeople'sopinionsdiffersharplyonwhetherthechemicalfactoryshouldberemovedfromthearea.当地人对是否应将该化工厂迁出该地区的意见分歧很大。(应用文之环境保护)eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Itisobviousthatthetwoshirtsdiffer___________colour—oneisredandtheotherisblue.②(2021·全国乙卷)Itisdifferent___________traditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducatedabouttheareas.③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypes___________(different).④There'sabig___________(different)betweenknowingthatsomethingistrue,andbeingabletoproveit.eq\x(写美)——读后续写之哲理句⑤直到那时，我才意识到，只要一个小小的行动，你就能改变一个人的生活。(difference)OnlythendidIrealizewithonesmallactionyoucan___________aperson'slife.[中国元素]Onefalsestepwillmakeagreat___________.失之毫厘，谬以千里。2．confidencen．自信，信心；信赖(1)haveconfidencein对……有信心withconfidence自信地，有信心地(2)confidentadj.自信的，有信心的beconfidentof/about对……有信心；对……有把握(3)confidentlyadv.自信eq\o(地,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Bygettinginvolvedinthecompetition,IgainedmoreconfidenceandmyEnglishalsowasimprovedalot.通过参加这场比赛，我获得了更多自信，我的英语也提高了很多。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Themeasuresareintendedtorestorepeople's___________(confident)intheeconomy.②Itseemsthattheyaren'tconfident___________thefutureoftheindustry.③OnthedayoftheHistoryexam,Iwentintotheexamhall___________(confident).eq\x(写美)——应用文写作之活动意义④这个展览不仅开阔了学生的视野，也增强了他们的文化自信。Theexhibitionnotonlybroadenedthestudents'horizonsbutalso______________________．3．competencen．能力，胜任(1)professional/technicalcompetence专业/技术能力competenceindoing/todosth做某事的能力(2)competentadj.足以胜任的，有能力的becompetenttodosth胜任做某事，有能力做某事(3)competentlyadv.胜任地，适合eq\o(地,\s\do4(,))[佳句]ThereisnodoubtthatChinesepeoplehaveconfidence,resolutionandcompetencetoovercometherisksandchallenges.毫无疑问，中国人民有信心、决心和能力克服风险和挑战。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Theyhavetoconstantlyupdatetheirknowledgeinordertomaintaintheirprofessional___________(competent).②IfeelIamcompetent___________(meet)alltherequirementsyouhavelisted.③Evenaftertraining,Smithstillcan'tdohiswork___________(competent),sohemaybedismissedsoon.eq\x(写美)——应用文之推荐信④凭借丰富的实践经验和专业能力，我相信李华能够在贵公司工作。____________________________________________,IbelieveLiHuaiscapableofworkinginyourcompany.4．recovervi.恢复健康，康复(1)recoverfrom从……中恢复过来(2)recoveryn.恢复；痊愈；改善；复苏wishsbaspeedyrecovery祝愿某人早日康复makeafullrecovery完全康eq\o(复,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Itcantakemanyyearstorecoverfromthedeathofalovedone.从失去亲人的痛苦中恢复过来可能要花很多年。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Afterrecovering___________hisillness,hewasadvisedtotakeupgardeningasahobby.②Thehospital'schild­friendlyenvironmenthelpswithyoungpatients'___________(recover).eq\x(写美)——应用文写作之慰问信③祝你早日康复，回到我们的大家庭。______________________andreturntoourbigfamily.5.challengen．挑战；具有挑战性的事物vt.向……挑战(1)face/meetachallenge面对/迎接挑战accept/takeupachallenge接受挑战，应战(2)challengesbtosth向某人挑战某事challengesbtodosth向某人挑战做某事(3)challengingadj.富有挑战性的eq\o(,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Life'schallengesarenotsupposedtoparalyzeyou,they'resupposedtohelpyoudiscoverwhoyouare.生活的挑战并不是为了把你打倒，而是为了帮你看清楚自己是谁。(读后续写之人生哲理)eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Reducingthegapbetweenrichandpoorisoneofthemain___________(challenge)facingthegovernment.②Mybrotherchallengedme___________agameofchessandfinallyhewonbyahair.③Thenewpositionchallengedhim___________(study)stillharderduringhissparetime.④(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Landingonthemoon'sfarsideisextremely___________(challenge).eq\x(写美)——读后续写之积极的人生态度⑤我别无选择，只能勇敢地面对这些挑战。Ihadnochoicebut______________________．⑥我知道未来会有很多困难和有挑战性的日子，但我永远不会放弃。Iknowtherewillbe_________________________________aheadbutIwillnevergiveup.6．arisevi.(问题或困难)出现，发生arisefrom/outof生于，起因eq\o(于,\s\do4(,))[易混辨析]arise,rise,raise,arouse辨析动词类型词义过去式过去分词现在分词arise不及物动词(由……)引起；产生；起身arosearisenarisingrise不及物动词升起，升高；站起，起身roserisenrisingraise及物动词增加；举起；抬起；抚养，养育；饲养；筹集raisedraisedraisingarouse及物动词激起，引起(感情、态度)arousedarousedarousing[佳句]Whenyoutrytogaintoomuchcontrolinyourrelationshipwithothers,conflictswillariseandtherelationshipcanbreakup.当你在与他人的关系中试图获得太多的控制权，冲突就会出现，你们的关系可能会破裂。(应用文之人际关系)eq\x(练透)——选词填空：arise，rise，raise，arouse①Weholdapartyeveryyear___________moneyforthelocalcharity.②Theteachertoldthestudentsastory___________thecuriosityandinterestofthesubject.③Itiscommonknowledgethatthesun___________intheeastandsetsinthewest.④Itwasshortlyafteroneproblemhadbeensolvedthatanotherproblem___________immediately.eq\x(写美)——同义句转换⑤Asweallknow,mostcaraccidentsarecausedbycarelessness.→Asweallknow,mostcaraccidents______________________.(arise)[中国元素]TheChinesepeople'snationalprideandconfidencearisesfromtherapiddevelopmentofourcountry.中国人民的民族自豪感和自信心来自于我们国家的快速发展。7．convenientadj.方便的，便利的(1)Itis/wasconvenientforsbtodosth对于某人来说做某事是方便的。sthbeconvenientfor/tosb某物对某人来说是方便的(2)conveniencen.方便；便利atone'sconvenience在某人方便的时候forconvenience为了方便起见(3)convenientlyadv.方便地，便利地；顺利eq\o(地,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Thehigh­speedtrainhasmadeitmuchmoreconvenientforustogobackhome.高铁使我们回家方便得多了。(应用文写作之社会发展)[点津]convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语；“当你方便的时候”应译成whenitisconvenientforyou，而不是whenyouareconvenient。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Usingmobilephones,itisextremelyconvenientforpeople___________(communicate)withtheirfriends.②Ikeepmyreferencebooksnearmydeskfor___________(convenient).③Withrapiddevelopmentofthedigitalmultimediatechnology,peoplecan___________(convenient)download,storeanddistributemultimediainformation.④Iwouldbeverygratefulifyoucouldinformmeofyourdecisions___________yourconvenience.eq\x(写美)——应用文写作之邀请信⑤如果你方便的话，我想邀请你参加我的生日聚会。______________________,Iwouldliketoinviteyoutoattendmybirthdayparty.[中国元素]XiamenisonthesoutheastcoastofChinawithconvenienttrafficandamildclimate,neithertoocoldinwinter,nortoohotinsummer.厦门市地处中国东南沿海，交通便利，天气温和，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑。8．addictn．对……着迷的人(1)addictedadj.上瘾的；沉迷于某种嗜好的be/become/getaddictedto沉迷于；热爱(to为介词)(2)addictionn.瘾，入迷，嗜好(常与介词to连用)(3)addictiveadj.(药物等)使人上瘾eq\o(的,\s\do4(,))[佳句]SheisaTVaddictandwatchesasmuchasshecan.她是一个电视迷，看尽可能多的电视。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Withthedevelopmentofinformationnetworktechnology,moreminorshavebeenusingorevengotaddicted___________theInternet.②Itneedstheschoolsandparents'jointeffortstohelpchildrengetridoftheir___________(addict)toonlinegames.③Youshouldstoptakingthismedicinebecauseitishighly___________(addict).④Addictedto___________(play)computergames,hecouldn'tfocusonhisstudysohefailedintheexam.eq\x(写美)——句式升级⑤Theboyisaddictedtoreading,andheevenholdsabookwhilehavingmeals.→______________________,theboyevenholdsabookwhilehavingmeals.(形容词短语作状语)9．aimn．目的，意图vi.力求达到(1)aimtodosth目标是做某事，旨在做某事aimat/beaimedat(doing)sth瞄准，对准；旨在(做)某事(2)takeaimat...瞄准……；对准……withtheaimof...目的是……，为了…eq\o(…,\s\do4(,))[佳句]AnEnglishspeechcontestnamedLearntoBeGratefulwasorganizedbyourschoollastFriday，whoseaimistomakethestudentshaveagratefulheart.上周五，我们学校组织了一场名为“学会感恩”的英语演讲比赛，旨在让学生们有一颗感恩的心。(应用文写作之活动介绍)[点津]aim作主语时，常用动词不定式形式作表语。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Theprojectaims___________(get)kidstoastagecalled“deepreading”，wheretheycanreadtolearn.②Youmusttakeaim___________thetargetcarefullybeforeyoushoot.③Thecompetitionwasstarted___________theaimofencouragingyoungwriters.eq\x(写美)——句式升级④Thisactivityisaimedatimprovingthestudents'abilityoflisteningandspeaking，whichisverypopular.→____________________________________________，thisactivityisverypopular.(动词­ed形式短语作状语)10．distancen．距离，间距(1)inthedistance在远方；在远处atadistance稍远处；隔一段距离distancesbfromsth使某人远离某事，使某人撇清和某事的关系(2)distantadj.遥远的；冷漠的bedistantfrom离……遥eq\o(远,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Pleasewearyourmaskandkeepsocialdistance.请戴上口罩，保持社交距离。[点津]distance还可用作动词，意为“使(与)……保持距离，撇清和……的关系”。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Thedoglookeddangerous,soIdecidedtodistancemyself___________it.②Therailwaystationis___________adistanceoftwomilesawayfromourschool.③Thetimewespenttogetherisnowa___________(distance)memory.eq\x(写美)——读后续写之动作描写④我们三人沿着小路跑，边喊边笑，这时我们的狗鲁比突然在远处停了下来。Wethreewererunningdownthepath,shoutingandlaughingwhenourdogRubbysuddenlystopped___________．[新闻元素]OnAugust1,thefirstinternationalcargotraindepartedfromtheChengduInternationalRailwayPorttoHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam,whichgreatlyshortensthedistanceforexportingRussiangoodstoSoutheastAsia.8月1日，首列国际货运列车从成都国际铁路港出发开往越南胡志明市，这大大缩短了俄罗斯商品出口到东南亚的距离。11．stressn．压力；忧虑；紧张(1)lay/put/placestresson/uponsth强调/重视……underthestressof...在……的压力下(2)stressv.强调stresstheimportanceof强调……的重要性(3)stressfuladj.压力大的；令人紧张的；繁重的stressedadj.紧张的；感觉有压力eq\o(的,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Notonlydoesithelpusrelieveourstressandanxiety,relaxourwholebodybutalsogivesusagreatsenseofwell­being.它不仅帮助我们缓解压力和焦虑，放松我们的全身，而且给我们带来极大的幸福感。(应用文写作之健康生活)[点津]stressed意为“紧张的，感觉有压力的”，指人自身感到有压力；stressful意为“令人紧张的，有压力的”，指事物给人带来压力。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①WhenIwasachild,Motherputgreatstress___________myproperbehavior.②Shefindshernewjobvery___________(stress),butshewillnevergiveitup.③Ifyou'refeeling___________(stress),listeningtosomecalmingmusiccouldreallyhelp.④When___________stress,evenamostgentlepersoncangetangryeasily.eq\x(写美)——应用文写作之家庭生活⑤我父母经常强调保持健康的重要性。Myparentsoften___________keepinghealthy.12．suffervi.&vt.遭受(痛苦)(1)sufferfrom(身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)，患……病(作不及物动词时，常与from连用，指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病或其他之苦)sufferloss/pain/hardship/defeat遭受损失/痛苦/困苦/失败(2)sufferern.受苦者，受难者；患者sufferingn.痛苦，苦eq\o(难,\s\do4(,))[佳句]NomatterwhatOliversuffered,hedidn'tlosehope,remainingpureinbodyandmind.无论奥利弗遭受了什么，他都没有失去希望，保持了身心的纯洁。(应用文写作之人物评价)[点津]suffer作及物动词时，其后常接抽象名词，如pain,loss,defeat,damage,punishment,poverty,hunger,hardship等。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Thediscoveryofthenewdrugisofgreatsignificancetopeoplesuffering___________heartproblems.②Thefilmisbasedonthetrue­lifestoryofacancer___________(suffer).③Thedoctorpromisedthatthemedicinehehadprescribedwouldeasethepatientofhis___________(suffer).eq\x(写美)——句式升级④Afterhehadsuffereddefeatafterdefeat,hebegantolosefaithinhimself.→______________________,hebegantolosefaithinhimself.(动词­ing形式作状语)[中国元素]Chinesepeoplesufferedgreatlyfromwarsandinvasionsinthepast,andtheyfeeldeeplyhowpreciouspeaceis.中国人民在过去饱受战争和被侵略的痛苦，深感和平的珍贵。13．reducevt.减少；降低；缩小(1)reduce...to...把……减少到……reduce...by...把……减少了……reduce...from...to...把……从……减少到……bereducedto...沦落为……；陷入某种状态(2)reductionn.减少；缩小；降eq\o(低,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Iapproveofthenewideacompletelybecauseitcannotonlyreducetheharmdonetotheenvironmentbutalsosaveresourcesthroughrecycling.我完全赞成这个新想法，因为它不仅可以减少对环境的危害，而且可以通过回收利用节约资源。(应用文写作之环境保护)eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①ThenumberofcitiesproducingCO2beyondthestandardhasbeenreduced___________fortytonine.②Bydietingandexercising,Ireducedmyweight___________5kilograms.③Severalstudiesalsoshowa___________(reduce)inbloodpressurewhenmorefruitandvegetablesareeaten.eq\x(写美)——读后续写之人物描写④令我大吃一惊的是，这位曾经的百万富翁现在沦为街头乞讨。Tomygreatsurprise,theformermillionaire___________onthestreetsnow.[新闻元素]WaterlevelsinmanysectionsoftheYangtzeRiverandotherplaceshavebeensignificantly___________,sometorecordlows,becauseofthesummerheat.由于夏季酷热，长江许多河段和其他地方的水位已大幅下降，一些地区的水位已降至历史新低。14．frankadj.坦率的，坦诚的(1)tobefrank坦白说，坦率地说befrankwithsb对某人坦诚相待befrankaboutsth对某事坦诚(2)franklyadv.坦率地；直率地franklyspeaking坦率地说(3)franknessn.率直，坦率，坦eq\o(白,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Isuggestyouhaveafulland___________conversationwithyourparents.我建议你和你的父母进行一次全面而坦率的谈话。(应用文写作之亲子关系)eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Tobefrank___________you,Ithinkyoursonhaslittlechanceofpassingtheexam.②Hewasfrank___________hispastexperiencesanddecidedtohaveachange.③Manyparents___________(frank)admitthattheyhavetroublebringinguptheirchildren.④Everyonelikedtheyoungmanforhis___________(frank)andgoodhumour.eq\x(写美)——一句多译坦率地说，我觉得这个决定并不明智。⑤___________,Idon'tthinkthisisawisedecision.(frank)⑥___________,Idon'tthinkthisisawisedecision.(frankly)15．graduatevi.毕业(1)graduatefrom从……毕业graduatein毕业于……(专业)graduatefrom...to...从……过渡到……，由……发展成……(2)graduationn.毕业，毕业典礼aftergraduation毕业之eq\o(后,\s\do4(,))[佳句]IgraduatedfromPekingUniversityin2008,majoringinbiologyandholdingabachelor'sdegree.我于2008年毕业于北京大学，主修生物学，并获得学士学位。(应用文写作之自我介绍)[点津]graduate还可用作名词，意为“毕业生”。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①(2020·山东卷)ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduated___________UniversityofWisconsin­EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.②Marygraduated___________lawfromYaleUniversitylastyearandsheisafamouslawyernow.③Withthe___________(graduate)seasoninJune,thejobmarkethasfacedincreasingpressureasmorecollegegraduatesstartedtolookforjobs.④Heeventuallygraduatedfromanordinaryworker___________thegeneralmanagerofthecompany.eq\x(写美)——小语段写作⑤韦伯斯特1996年毕业于耶鲁大学。毕业后，他成为一家国际公司的一名工程师。Webster___________YaleUniversityin1996.___________,hebecameaengineerinaninternationalcompany.16．inspirevt.鼓励，激励(1)inspiresbtodosth激励某人做某事inspiresbwithsth＝inspiresthinsb以……激励某人；激起某人的……(2)inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的(3)inspirationn.鼓舞；启示；灵eq\o(感,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Theactivityisintendedtoinspirechildren'sinterestinscienceandtechnology.该活动旨在激发儿童对科技的兴趣。(应用文写作之活动目的介绍)eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Theteacherinspireshisstudents___________(give)theiropinionsactivelyeveniftheyaredifferentfromhisown.②___________(inspire)bymyteacher,Isignedupforthecompetitionandmadefullpreparationsforit.③Itisreally___________(inspire)tohearthatmysongotfirstplaceinthemathscontest.④Musicisagreatsourceof___________(inspire),whichcanmakeyoulaugh,cryorshout.eq\x(写美)——一句多译他鼓励的话语激发了我的信心。⑤Hisencouragingwords___________confidence.⑥Hisencouragingwords___________me.17．applyvi.申请；请求(1)apply(tosb)forsth(向某人)申请某事applytodosth申请做某事applytosth/sb适用于/运用于……(to为介词)applysthto...把……应用于……；把……涂抹到……(to为介词)applyoneselfto(doing)sth集中精力/专注于做某事(to为介词)(2)applicationn.申请；申请书；应用(3)applicantn.申请eq\o(人,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Ifyouwanttoapplyforthejob,youmustmeetthefollowingrequirements.如果你想申请这份工作，你必须满足以下要求。(应用文写作之招聘启事)[点津]apply作动词，还有“涂抹，敷；应用，使用”之意。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Iapplied___________fouruniversitiesandwasrefusedbyallofthem,whichmademeveryupset.②Allthepeoplewhoarewillingtohelpotherscanapply___________(join)theorganization.③Therulesofsafedrivingapply___________everyone,withoutexception.④Heisnowapplyinghimselfto___________(study)traditionalChinesemedicine.⑤The___________(apply)ofthetechnologyislikelytogreatlyexpandhumanity'sunderstandingofthemysteriesoflifeandtheevolutionoflivingthings.⑥Thejobadvertisementdemandsthatany___________(apply)musthavethreeyears'experience.eq\x(写美)——应用文写作之申请信⑦我写信是想申请成为我们学校“中国福文化”活动的一名志愿者。I'mwritingto___________fortheactivitycalled“ChinaFuCulture”inourschool.18．eageradj.热切的；渴望的(1)beeagertodosth渴望做某事beeagerforsth渴望得到某物(2)eagernessn.热切，渴望(3)eagerlyadv.渴望地，急切eq\o(地,\s\do4(,))[佳句]It'shumanthateveryoneiseagerforsuccess.人人都渴望成功，这是人之常情。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①(2021·全国甲卷)She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeager___________(play)andexplore.②Thechildreninpovertymountainareasareeager___________abigandcleanclassroom.③Inour___________(eager)tomakealiving,weoftenforgetaboutourqualityoflife.④He___________(eager)wantedtogiveaspecialpresenttoGrandma,buthewasshortofmoney.eq\x(写美)——句式升级⑤Jackwaseagertogethome,sohebegantodrivefaster.→___________,Jackbegantodrivefaster.(形容词短语作状语)19.responsibleadj.负责的；有责任心的(1)beresponsiblefor对……负责；是造成……的原因(2)responsibilityn.责任，职责，任务takeresponsibilityfor对……负责Itissb'sresponsibilitytodosth做某事是某人的责任。asenseofresponsibility责任eq\o(感,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Asa___________citizen,I'lltrytolearnbasicknowledgeabouthowtosortgarbageandapplywhatIlearntopractice.作为一个负责任的公民，我将努力学习如何分类垃圾的基本知识，并将所学基本知识应用到实践中。(应用文写作之垃圾分类)eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Weshouldberesponsible___________theworkandkeepteamworkspiritinmind.②Itisyourresponsibility___________(keep)theroomcleanandtidy.③(2021·全国新高考卷Ⅰ)Halfsurprised,halfconcerned,asenseof___________(responsible)ofcaringaboutthekidsdrovethefathertowipeawayhertears.eq\x(写美)——一句多译现在你是成年人了，你需要对自己的行为负责。④Youareanadultnowandyouneedto___________youractions.(responsible)⑤Youareanadultnowandyouneedto___________youractions.(responsibility)20．intendvt.计划，打算，想要(1)intendtodo/doingsth打算/想要做某事intendsbtodosth打算让某人做某事hadintendedtodo...＝intendedtohavedone...原本打算做……beintendedfor打算为……所用，专为……而设计的(2)intentionn.打算，计划，意图withtheintentionof目的是…eq\o(…,\s\do4(,))[佳句]IamwritingtotellyouthatweintendtocelebratethefifthanniversaryofourEnglishClubandIsincerelyinviteyoutoattend.我写信告诉你，我们打算庆祝英语俱乐部成立五周年，我真诚地邀请你参加。(应用文写作之邀请信)[点津]intend的过去完成时，表示“本打算做某事，但实际没做成”。有类似用法的动词还有：plan，hope，think等。eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Libertieintends___________(follow)inhermother'sfootsteps,butshefacestheparticularchallengesasadark­skinnedBlack.②Hisfatherintendedhim___________(study)medicinebuthedecidedtojointhearmy.③Thisbookisintended___________primaryandmiddleschoolstudents,agedbetween6and18.④TomcametoChinathreeyearsagowiththe___________(intend)ofstudyingChineseandlearningmoreaboutChineseculture.eq\x(写美)——一句多译昨晚我原本打算去拜访你的，可是下起雨来了。⑤I______________________youlastnight,butitrained.⑥I______________________youlastnight,butitrained.21．adaptvi.(使)适应(1)adapttosth适应某事adaptoneselfto(doing)sth使自己适应(做)某事adapt...from...根据……改写/改编……adapt...for...改(编)……为……之用(2)adaptationn.改编本，改写本；适应(3)adaptableadj.有适应能力的；能适应eq\o(的,\s\do4(,))[佳句]Toallfreshstudents,howtoadaptthemselvestothenewenvironmentisthefirstthingthattheyhavetoface.对所有的新生来说，如何使他们自己适应新的环境是他们必须面对的第一件事。(应用文写作之学校生活)eq\x(练透)——单句语法填空①Aftergraduationfromcollege,Igraduallyadaptedmyselfto___________(live)onmyown.②HaveyouwatchedtheTVseriesTheOrdinaryWorld___________(adapt)fromLuYao'snovelofthesamename?③Mostofthesetoolshavebeenspeciallyadapted___________usebydisabledpeople.④Successfulbusinessesarehighly___________(adapt)toeconomicchange.eq\x(写美)——完成句子⑤虽然他非常想念他的老朋友，但他设法适应了他的新的学校生活，并且很快就交了很多朋友。Althoughhemissedhisoldfriendsverymuch,he________________________________andsoonmadealotoffriends.22．shiftn．(工厂、医院等轮班制的)当班时间[对点微练]——赏句猜义(熟词生义)Publicattitudestowardsmarriagehaveshiftedoverthepast50years.___________②(熟词生义)Hetriedtoshifttheblameforhismistakesontohiscolleagues.___________Whenhecamebackhomefromhisnightshift,Jasontriedtoavoidwakeninghisfamily.___________23．plus[对点微练]——选出plus的含义A.adj.有利的，好的B．prep.加C．n.有利因素，好处D．conj.而且，此外①FluencyinItalianisadefiniteplus,butnotarequirement.___________Twoplusthreemakesfive.___________HeisthemostintelligentboyIhavemet.Plusheisveryhardworking.___________Thefactthattheflightgoesfromournearestairportisarealpluspoint.___________24．range[对点微练]——选出range的含义A.n．山脉B.n．范围C.vi.(在一定的范围内)变动/变化D.vi.使(人或物)排成行或列①Estimatesofthedamagerangebetween$1millionand$5million.___________②Some300treeshavebeenrangedalongthestreet.___________③TheAlpsareahighmountainrangerunningacrossthecentral­southofthecountry.___________④Almostallofthehousesaretooexpensivesoitisdifficulttofindahouseinourpricerange.___________25．positionn．职位；位置[对点微练]——赏句猜义(熟词生义)Largetelevisionscreenswerepositionedateitherendofthestadium.___________Fromhispositionontheclifftop,hehadagoodviewoftheharbour.___________③Hissalarywillbedoubledandhe'llhaveamuchbetterposition.___________◎主题语境培优——词汇库[自主核对区]1.ambitionn.2.participantn．3.qualifiedadj.4.fluenteintoreality6.lookbackon7.beforcedtodosth8.takeaction9.makeupone'smind10.putoff11.weighup12.dreamof1.追求，抱负2.参与者；参加者3.合格的，胜任的4.(尤指外语)流利的；(文字等)流畅的5.成为现实6.回顾7.被迫做某事8.采取行动9.下定决心，拿定主意10.推迟，使……延期11.权衡；仔细考虑12.梦想……二、同步语法过关动词不定式和-ing、-ed类形容词考点考例1+1考点一：不定式作主语清单1：动词不定式直接作主语，表示具体的行为，谓语动词用单数。1.________(see)istobelieve.Iwon'tbelieveituntilIseeitbymyself.清单2：wh-词+todo短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。2.Whenandwheretostarttheprograms____________(remain)unknown.清单3：用于Itis+adj.+of/forsbtodosth结构，of/for后面是不定式逻辑主语，it是形式主语。3.Itisconsiderate______himtoinformmeofthedateforthemeeting.清单4：用于Ittakessbtimetodosth.句型，不定式短语作真正主语。4.(2019·全国III)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake___________(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.考点二、不定式作宾语清单1：-manage,expect,choose,afford/agree/attempt,refuse,fail,intend,plan/pretend/promise,seem,decide/desire/determine等动词只接todo作宾语（首字母缩写为mecarfipsd，谐音记忆：霉咖啡不是的）。5.(2017全国III)Sarah,whohastakenpartinshows,wants___________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.清单2：forget,remember/regret,goon,stop,can’thelp,mean,try等动词接todo/doing意义不同的动词（首字母缩写为frogshmt，谐音记忆：青蛙聪明）。6(2018天津)Ididn'tmean___________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp__________(try)it.考点三、不定式作宾语补足语清单1：notice,let,make,hear,listento,see,observe,watch,have,feel等动词接不定式作宾补省略to（巧记：注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉）。7.Hewasobserved________________(enter)theofficesilently.清单2：warn,tell,ask,persuade,expect,encourage等动词只接todo后作宾语补足语。8.Passengersarepermitted___________(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.清单3：用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。9.Withalotofdifficultproblems___________(solve),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.清单4：besaid/believed/reported/knowntodo类句型中不定式作主语补足语。10.Theenginejustwon'tstart.Itisbelieved__________(go)wrongforsomereason.考点四、不定式作定语清单1：不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。tobedone则表示一个被动的、将要发生的动作。11.Theairport_____________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.清单2：chance,plan,ability,opportunity等名词后边多接动词不定式作定语。12.(2019·全国II)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans_________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.清单3：序数词和形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语。13.Sheisalwaysthefirststudent_____________(arrive)atschool.考点五、不定式作状语清单1：不定式作目的状语，多用于todo,soastodo,inordertodo结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，不定式位于句末前边不能有逗号。14.(2021·浙江)Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover_____________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.清单2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to,enoughtodo,onlytodo,so…asto,suchasto等结构。15.Hehurriedtothestation,only____________(find)thatthetrainhadleft.考点六、不定式作表语清单：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。16.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____________(not,make)itmoredifficult.考点七、不定式的省略清单1：感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）；17.Thelibrarianwillletyoutoknowwhenthebookhasbeenreturned.改错清单2：下列句型常省略to：mayaswelldosth;hadbetterdo,donothingbutdosth;can’thelpbutdosth.Whynotdosth?prefertodo…ratherthandosth,wouldratherdo…thando…等。18.Ratherthan___________(ride)onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers___________(ride)abicycle.清单3：在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常