北京市东城区2020-2021学年高二下学期期末英语试题

20202021学年北京市东城区高二下学期期末英语试题本试卷共8页，共100分考试时长90分钟，考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结東后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分:知识运用(共两节，25分)第一节完形填空(共10小题每小题1.5分，共5分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduring______1______Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,“Paris’seyesrolledback.”Taylorsays,“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasa(n)____2____”.Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Without_____3_____medicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswere_____4_____.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”_____5_____,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthe___6___betweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammates_____7_____.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luck_____8_____withthem:Paris’sheartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon’t_____9_____this.Myteamsavedmylife.”Today,Parisis______10______onthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays,“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”1.A.celebration B.service C.experiment D.practice2.A.situation B.action C.training D.emergency3.A.unusual B.personal C.immediate D.mental4.A.inshock B.inrelief C.inamazement D.inexcitement5.A.Unfortunately B.Obviously C.Undoubtedly D.Amazingly6.A.impression B.difference C.experience D.connection7.A.setout B.calmdown C.givein D.standout8.A.knocked B.began C.stayed D.joined9.A.survive B.promise C.accept D.realize10.A.out B.over C.back D.through【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.A5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A10.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，Taylor在一次学校垒球比赛中用心肺复苏术及时救助了患有突发性心脏衰竭的女孩Paris，Paris非常感激，感到很幸运，又回到了垒球队中。Taylor马上就要上大学，在这次事件的激励下，想要成为一名护士。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：卫斯理学院垒球队的女孩们在练习时等待下一轮击球。A.celebration庆祝；B.service服务；C.experiment实验；D.practice练习。根据上文“werewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbat”可知，此处是指在练习期间等待下一轮击球。故选D。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道这是紧急情况。A.situation形势；B.action行动；C.training训练；D.emergency紧急情况。根据上文“Paris’seyesrolledback.(帕里斯的眼睛向后转)”，“Shestartedshaking.(她开始发抖)”和下文“Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.(Paris突然心脏衰竭)”可知，Paris发病了，这是紧急情况。故选D。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果不立即采取医疗措施，Paris将一命呜呼。A.unusual不寻常的；B.personal个人的；C.immediate立即的；D.mental精神的。根据上文“Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.(Paris突然心脏衰竭)”和下文“TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR(泰勒跑到Paris身边开始做心肺复苏术)”可知，Paris发病了，此处是指需要立即采取医疗措施。故选C。【4题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：女孩们震惊了。A.inshock处于极度震惊状态；B.inrelief松了口气；C.inamazement惊奇地；D.inexcitement兴奋地。根据上文“Atfirst,noonemoved.(起初，没有人移动)”可知，Paris突然心脏衰竭，如果不立即采取医疗措施，Paris将一命呜呼，但没人行动起来，说明女孩们此时都感到很震惊，不知道怎么反应了。故选A。【5题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，Taylor前一天刚刚参加了心肺复苏课程。A.Unfortunately不幸的是；B.Obviously明显地；C.Undoubtedly毫无疑问地；D.Amazingly令人惊讶的是。根据下文“TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore”可知，这是一件很凑巧的事，所以令人惊讶。故选D。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道这是生与死的区别。A.impression印象；B.difference区别；C.experience经历；D.connection联系。根据下文“betweenlifeanddeath”和上文“Itwasscary.(太可怕了)”可知，此处是指情况危急，病人要么是生，要么是死，所以这是生与死的区别。故选B。【7题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Taylor的迅速行动帮助队友们冷静下来。A.setout出发；B.calmdown冷静下来；C.givein屈服；D.standout脱颖而出。根据上文“Thegirlswereinshock”，“TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR”和下文“Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.(一个女孩拨打了911。还有两个人跑去找学校的护士，护士带了一个可以电击心脏恢复工作状态的设备)”可知，Taylor开始给Paris做心肺复苏术帮助震惊中的队友们冷静下来，女孩们开始行动起来。故选B。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运与他们同在：Paris的心跳又回来了。A.knocked敲；B.began开始；C.stayed待；D.joined参加。根据下文“Paris’sheartbeatreturned.”和上文“TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore”可知，Paris突然心脏衰竭，但Taylor前一天刚刚参加了心肺复苏课程，通过努力，Paris的心跳又回来了，此处是指幸运与她们同在。故选C。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数人都活不下来。A.survive生还；B.promise承诺；C.accept接受；D.realize实现。根据上文“IknowIwasreallylucky(我知道我真的很幸运)”可知，从这种急症中生还是很幸运的事，所以大多数人都活不下来。故选A。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：今天，Paris又回到了垒球队。A.out向外；B.over结束；C.back回原处；D.through从一端到另一端。根据下文“onthesoftballteam”可知，Paris病好了，肯定会回到垒球队。故选C。第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）A阅读下列短文，根据文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AndestinationtotheSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackleton—thisistheadventure______11______Ihavebeendreamingof.AndIwasreadyforit.Attheageof19,Iamfitandfullofvigour.However,whenIappliedtojointheexpedition,Shackletonturnedmedown______12______hethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn’tqualified.ButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatI______13______(secret)wentaboardhisship,theEndurance,andhidinasmallcupboard.Unfortunately,threedaysafterwesetoffIwasdiscovered.Shackletondidnotwanttoturnbacksoheofferedmeajob.【答案】11.that##which12.because##as13.secretly【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者想与伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士一起去南极，但是被拒绝了，于是作者偷偷地登上了他的船，藏在一个小碗柜里。虽然最后被人发现了，但是沙克尔顿不想回去，所以他给了作者一份工作。【11题详解】考查定语从句。句意：与伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士一起去南极——这是我一直梦想的冒险。此处为定语从句修饰先行词adventure，先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。【12题详解】考查状语从句。句意：然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不合格。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because/as。故填because/as。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：但我对和他们一起去的想法是如此的感兴趣，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船，耐力号，藏在一个小碗柜里。修饰动词went应用副词secretly，作状语。故填secretly。B阅读下列短文，根据文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwas______14______(teach)peopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwodimensional,andthemaincharacters______15______(make)muchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(12671337).Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,his______16______(painting)aresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.【答案】14.toteach15.weremade16.paintings【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中世纪欧洲艺术的宗教性特点和十三世纪开始欧洲艺术向现实主义转化的特征，其中的典型代表就是乔托·迪·邦多内的绘画作品。【14题详解】考查todo不定式。句意：在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是让人们了解基督教。plan，goal，purpose等词后常用不定式作表语，解释其具体内容。故填toteach。【15题详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：他们的作品通常是原始的和二维的，主要人物被做得比其他人大得多，以显示他们的重要性。根据“Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwodimensional”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词make意为“制作”，和主语characters构成被动关系。主语characters为复数。故填weremade。【16题详解】考查名词复数和主谓一致。句意：他的画作与其他画作不同的地方在于逼真的人脸和深刻的情感影响。根据are可知，主语应为复数形式。painting意为“绘画”，为可数名词，复数形式为paintings。故填paintings。C阅读下列短文，根据文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thenwhatiscausingtheincreaseintheglobalaveragesurfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocess______17______(call)the“greenhouseeffect”,whichhastwomonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“manmade”greenhouseeffect.The“natural”greenhouseeffect______18______(refer)tothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshortwaveradiation.Theheatisreleasedbackintospaceatlongerwavelengths.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethanecarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,______19______(keep)Earth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.______20______thisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife.However,the“manmade”greenhouseeffecthasnowbeeabigproblem.【答案】17.called18.refers19.keeping20.Without【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。温室效应包括自然温室效应和人为温室效应。文章主要介绍了自然温室效应的定义、作用方式和重要性。【17题详解】考查过去分词。句意：气候科学家经常提到一个关键的气候过程，叫做“温室效应”，它有两个普遍的含义：“自然的”温室效应和“人为的”温室效应。动词call意为“叫做”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语process构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。【18题详解】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：“自然”温室效应是指来自太阳的热量进入大气层，并以短波辐射的形式使地球表面变暖。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。referto意为“指的是”，主语effect为第三人称单数。故填refers。【19题详解】考查现在分词。句意：大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，捕获了部分热量，保持地球气候温暖，适宜居住。动词keep意为“保持”，和谓语之间没有连词，此处表示意料之中的结果应用现在分词作结果状语。故填keeping。【20题详解】考查介词。句意：没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。根据“Earthcouldnotsustainlife”可知，此处是指没有这个过程，应用介词without表示“没有”。句首首字母应大写。故填Without。第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共4小题每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASnorkelingwithSealsinNanaimo※Location:Vancouver※Duration:6hoursOnthistrip,you’llhaveanincredibleopportunitytointeractwithseals.FlyfromVancouverHarborforaquickboatridetoSnake※Highlights:TakeaseaplanerideSwimwithsealsintheseaSeeotheranimalssuchasbaldeaglesandgeeseVancouverKayakingTour※Location:Vancouver※Duration:about2hoursSearchingforauniqueoutdoorexperiencewhileinVancouver?DiscoverthebeautyofVancouver’scityskylineandamazingshorelineonafamilyfriendlykayakingtour.Spend2hourswindingandgettingfriendlywithresidentducksandkingfishers.Withanexpertguide,earnkayakingtechniqueandenjoyacitysightseeingtour.※Highlights:KayakingtourofFalseCreekSpotanimals,includinggeeseandkingfishersLearnaboutthehistoryandthecity’snewestdevelopmentQuebecSkishoeingExcursion※Location:QuebecCity※Duration:4hoursDiscoverthewinterbeautyofCanadaonthis4hourskishoeinghike.Skishoeing,amixofcrosscountryskiingandsnowshoeingprovideslowimpactexercisewithpeacefulforestlandscapes.Withhikingpolesinhand,followaguideontosnowytrailsandlearnabouttheQuebecwoods.Warmupwithhotchocolate,stopforbreaks,andkeepwatchforwildlifeinthearea.※Highlights:EnjoyabinationofcrosscountryskiingandsnowshoeingSnapuniquephotosoftheQuebecforestsandwildlifeGreatSlaveLakeIceFishingTours※Location:Yellowknife※Duration:FlexibleEnjoyanarcticexperienceoficefishingononeofthelargestlakesinCanada.JoinyourguideonanicefishingadventureonGreatSlaveLake,setinthemostspectacularwinterlandscapesofYellowknife,Yourtourstartswithhotelpickup.Afterwards,driveontheiceroadtoicefishinglocations.Asafetydemonstrationofproperuseofequipmentfollows.Choosebetweentwotouroptions.Experienceicefishingatitsbestinafortableheatedicefishingbuilding.Alightfishlunchprovidedafterwards.※Highlights:Familyfriendlysmallgroupensurespersonalservice21.Whichtripcangivepeopleachancetolearnaboutthehistoryofthearea?A.VancouverKayakingTour. B.SnorkelingwithSealsinNanaimoC.QuebecSkishoeingExcursion. D.GreatSlaveLakeIceFishingTours22.Forafamilywithplantlovingkids,theycanchoosetogoto________.A.Quebec B.VancouverC.SnakeIsland23.AllthesetoursprovideCanadianswithchancesto________.A.travelabroad B.getrefreshedC.explorelocalcustoms D.tastedifferentfood【答案】21.A22.A23.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了加拿大的四种旅行计划。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据VancouverKayakingTour部分中Hightlights里面“Learnaboutthehistoryandthecity’snewestdevelopment(了解历史和城市的最新发展)”可知，如果你想要了解城市的历史，就可以选择VancouverKayakingTour。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据QuebecSkishoeingExcursion中“Skishoeing,amixofcrosscountryskiingandsnowshoeingprovideslowimpactexercisewithpeacefulforestlandscapes.Withhikingpolesinhand,followaguideontosnowytrailsandlearnabouttheQuebecwoods.(滑雪鞋运动，一种混合了越野滑雪和雪鞋运动的运动，在宁静的森林景观中提供低冲击的锻炼。手拿登山杖，跟随导游踏上雪道，了解魁北克的森林)”可知，如果孩子对植物感兴趣的话，QuebecSkishoeingExcursion可以让孩子了解魁北克的森林。即可以选择前往魁北克。故选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了加拿大四种旅游计划。然后根据第一个计划中“Onthistrip,you’llhaveanincredibleopportunitytointeractwithseals.(在这次旅行中，你将有一个与海豹互动的绝佳机会)”、第二个计划中“SearchingforauniqueoutdoorexperiencewhileinVancouver?DiscoverthebeautyofVancouver’scityskylineandamazingshorelineonafamilyfriendlykayakingtour.(在温哥华寻找一种独特的户外体验?在一个家庭友好的皮划艇之旅中，您将发现温哥华城市天际线的美丽和令人惊叹的海岸线)”、第三个计划中“DiscoverthewinterbeautyofCanadaonthis4hourskishoeinghike.(在这4小时的滑雪鞋徒步旅行中发现加拿大的冬季美景)”以及最后一个计划中“EnjoyanarcticexperienceoficefishingononeofthelargestlakesinCanada.(在加拿大最大的湖泊之一上享受北极冰钓的体验)”可知，四个旅游计划都旨在让人们享受生活，即让人们重新焕发活力。故选B。BMarathononaWalkerA9yearoldboywithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫)andautism(自闭)hasraised$100.000charityafterpletingamarathonup.TobiasWellerpletedthefinalofhis26.2milemarathoninSheffield,northernEngland,onSundaysurroundedbysociallydistancedneighborsandwellwishers.Tobiascannotstandorwalkunaided,andrequiressupportwithmosttasks,but,inspiredbyCaptainTomMoore,anoldsoldierwhoraisedmillionsfortheUK’sNationalHealthServicebywakinglapsofhisgardenaheadofhis100thbirthday.Tobiassethissightsonamarathon.“IheardaboutCaptainTomandIthoughtwhydon’tIusemywalkertotrytopleteamarathonbywalkingupanddownmystreeteveryday,”hesaidinvideo,knittingitwouldbean“enormouschallenge”.AtthebeginningoflockdownTobiascouldwalkamaximumof50metersaday,buthegrewclosertopletinghischallenge—whichtookhim70days,hewaswalkingupto750metersaday.“Ican’tbelieveIpletedamarathon,everybitofithasbeentotallyawesome,”hesaid.“Iloveitwhenmyneighborsclapandcheerforme,I’mgettingstrongerandstrongereveryday.It’ssuchagoodfeeling.”Sofar,Tobiashasraisedover£81,600—£50,000morethanhisoriginaltargetof£30,000foraschoolthatsupportschildrenandadultswithcerebralpalsyandautism.Tobias’smothersaidtheyweregoingtocontinuewalkingandwereaimingtoreach50kilometers.“I’msosopleasedthathe’spletedhismarathon.He’sdonereallywell.He’striedsohardallthewaythrough.He’sreallyachievedamassivegoal,”shesaid.“I’mburstingwithprideformylittleboy.”24.HowdidTobiasraise$100,000forcharity?A.Bycreatingavideo B.Byorganizingarace.C.Bywalkinginhisgarden. D.Byfinishingamarathon25WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTobias?A.Kindanddetermined B.HumbleandstartC.Selflessandeasygoing. D.Braveandqualified26.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Itisnevertoooldtolearn. B.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.C.Successbelongstothepersevering. D.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.【答案】24.D25.A26.C【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一名患有脑瘫和自闭症的9岁男孩Tobia通过70天的坚持，完成了不可能完成的任务——马拉松，并成功筹集了10万美元的慈善资金的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“A9yearoldboywithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫)andautism(自闭)hasraised$100.000charityafterpletingamarathonup.(一名患有脑瘫和自闭症的9岁男孩在完成马拉松后筹集了10万美元的慈善资金)”可知，Tobias通过完成马拉松筹得10万美元的慈善资金。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Tobiascouldwalkamaximumof50metersaday,buthegrewclosertopletinghischallenge—whichtookhim70days,hewaswalkingupto750metersaday.(托拜厄斯每天最多能走50米，但他离完成挑战越来越近——这需要他70天，他每天能走750米)”和第七段“Tobiashasraisedover£81,600—£50,000morethanhisoriginaltargetof£30,000foraschoolthatsupportschildrenandadultswithcerebralpalsyandautism.(托拜厄斯已经筹集了8600英镑到5万英镑，超过了他最初的目标3万英镑，为一所支持患有脑瘫和自闭症的儿童和成人的学校)”可知，脑瘫和自闭症男孩Tobia坚持了70天，完成马拉松，说明他有毅力(determined)，他筹到的钱用来做慈善，说明他很善良(kind)。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“A9yearoldboywithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫)andautism(自闭)hasraised$100.000charityafterpletingamarathonup.(一名患有脑瘫和自闭症的9岁男孩在完成马拉松后筹集了10万美元的慈善资金)”以及通读全文可知，9岁的脑瘫和自闭症男孩Tobia通过70天的坚持，完成了不可能完成的任务——马拉松，说明成功属于坚持不懈的人，这也是这个故事想要告诉我们的道理，C项“Successbelongstothepersevering.(成功属于坚持不懈的人)”是最佳答案。故选C项。CWearewhatweeat,andwhatweeatrevealssomethingaboutwhatweareinreturn.Soitshouldn’tbeallthatsurprisingthathumansarenowapparentlyeatingplastic.AsmalltrialattheMedicalUniversityofViennafoundtinypiecesofitinthedigestivesystemsofpeoplefromeightdifferentcountries.Thestudyinvolvedjusteightpeopleanddoesn’ttelluswhatifanyeffecteatingplasticwashavingontheirbodies.Wealreadyknewfishwereeatingplastic.Didwereallythinkitwouldn’treachbackuptothetopofthefoodchain,thattheconsequencesofourownactionscouldn’treturntous?Thisgoesbeyondcleaninguptheoceans.Sixoftheeightsubjectsofthestudyateseanotallofthemdid.Otherpossibletheoriesinvolvedrinkingoutofplasticbottle.eatingfoodthat’sbeenwrappedinplastic,ortinyplasticpiecesfloatingintheairwhichthenlandonourfood.Butourenvironmentissofillednowwithplasticthatitseemsthatweweregoingtoabsorbitsomehow.Doesitactuallymatter?Thisstudycan’tanswerthatquestion,becauseallittellsusisthatmicroplasticswerefoundinhumanwastes.Ifit’sjustpassingthroughthebody,thenperhapsthere’snodamagedone.However,iftherewereevidenceofplasticsbeingabsorbedandgatheringinourinternalorgans,assomeanimalstudieshavesuggested,thatwouldpotentiallybearedflag.Solvingplasticpollutionisnowherenearassimpleassomecampaignersmakeitsound.Switchingawayfromplasticpackagingtoothermaterialswouldcreateotherenvironmentaldilemmas.Bottlingliquidsinglassratherthanplasticmakesthemheavierwhichpotentiallymeansmoretripstotransportthem,paperproductionhasabiggercarbonfootprint.Evenifitwerepossibletostopusingthestufftomorrow,itwouldtakeupto1,000yearsforsomeofwhat’sbeingproducedrightnowtobreakdown.Butjustbecauseit’sdifficult,itdoesn’tmeanweshrugourshouldersanddonothing.Thereissomethinggenuinelymadaboutasocietythatisontheonehandcrazyaboutthequalityofthefoodweputinourmouths,andyetalsomindlesslyeatsitsowngarbage.Thewaronplastic,itseems,justgotpersonal.27.Whatdoesthestudyshow?A.Foodchainisdamagedbyplastic.B.Eatingplasticaffectshumangreatly.C.Plasticisdiscoveredinhumanbodies.D.Seafisharethevictimofplasticpollution.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“aredflag”inPara.4probablymean?A.Afinalresult. B.Awarningsign.C.Anexpectedfinding. D.Asimilarsituation.29.WhatdoesPara.5mainlytalkabout?A.It’simpossibletostopusingplastic.B.It’schallengingtodealwithplasticissue.C.It’surgenttochoosedifferentwrappings.D.Ittakestimetoimprovetheenvironment.30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Plasticshouldbereplacedbyothermaterials.B.Thedamagetowardsfoodchainislonglasting.C.Theeffectofplasticpollutionisn’tfullyrecognizedD.Thecausesofenvironmentalissuesareplicated【答案】27C28.B29.B30.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。实验发现在人体中存在塑料的微小碎片，这表明塑料进入到了食物链中，对食物链造成了长期的伤害。解决塑料污染问题很有挑战性，但是我们应该尽力想办法。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“AsmalltrialattheMedicalUniversityofViennafoundtinypiecesofitinthedigestivesystemsofpeoplefromeightdifferentcountries.”(维也纳医科大学的一项小型试验在来自八个不同国家的人的消化系统中发现了这种物质的微小碎片。)和第一段最后一句“Soitshouldn’tbeallthatsurprisingthathumansarenowapparentlyeatingplastic.”(所以现在人类明显在吃塑料也就不足为奇了。)可知，这项研究表明在人体中发现了塑料。故选C。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段第三句“Ifit’sjustpassingthroughthebody,thenperhapsthere’snodamagedone.”(如果它只是穿过身体，那么也许不会造成伤害。)和转折词however可知，此处是指如果有证据表明塑料在我们的内脏中被吸收和聚集，这可能是一个危险信号，也许会造成伤害。所以aredflag意为“一个危险信号”。故选B。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“Solvingplasticpollutionisnowherenearassimpleassomecampaignersmakeitsound.”(解决塑料污染远没有一些活动家说的那么简单。)可知，第五段主要是讲解决塑料污染问题很有挑战性。根据第五段第二句“Switchingawayfromplasticpackagingtoothermaterialswouldcreateotherenvironmentaldilemmas.”(从塑料包装转向其他材料会造成其他环境困境。)和最后一句“Evenifitwerepossibletostopusingthestufftomorrow,itwouldtakeupto1,000yearsforsomeofwhat’sbeingproducedrightnowtobreakdown.”(即使明天就可以停止使用这些东西，现在正在生产的一些东西需要1000年才能分解。)可知，第五段从替代塑料包装会造成其他环境困境和塑料分解所需的超长时间两方面说明解决塑料污染问题很有挑战性。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Wealreadyknewfishwereeatingplastic.Didwereallythinkitwouldn’treachbackuptothetopofthefoodchain,thattheconsequencesofourownactionscouldn’treturntous?”(我们已经知道鱼吃塑料。难道我们真的认为它不会回到食物链的顶端，我们自己行为的后果不会回到我们自己身上吗？)和第五段最后一句“Evenifitwerepossibletostopusingthestufftomorrow,itwouldtakeupto1,000yearsforsomeofwhat’sbeingproducedrightnowtobreakdown.”(即使明天就可以停止使用这些东西，现在正在生产的一些东西需要1000年才能分解。)可知，塑料进入食物链对其造成伤害，而塑料需要非常久的时间去分解，所以对食物链造成的伤害是长期的。故选B。DChinesepainting,theflowerofChineseculture,isdistinguishedbyaspiritandanatmosphereallofitsown,entirelydifferentfromWesternpainting.ItisasdifferentfromWesternpaintingasChinesepoetryisdifferentfromWesternpoetry.Thatdifferenceishardtograspandexpress.Ithasacertaintoneandatmosphere,visibleinWesternpainting,butessentiallydifferentandachievedbydifferentmeans.Itshowsacertaineconomyofmaterial,markedbythemanyblankspaces,anideaofpositiondeterminedbyitsownharmonyandmarkedbyaboldnessandfreedomofthebrushwhichimpressestheonlookerinanunforgettablemanner.Somehowthepicturebeforeushasundergoneaninnerprocessoftransformationintheartistsmind,givingusonlyapletelysatisfyingwhole,sotruetolifeandyetsodifferentfromit.Thedesignismoreobvious.Theartisthaspresentedittousonlyasappearstohim,andcanbeunderstoodbyothers.Itdoesnottrytopaintallbeforeone’seyes,anditleavesagreatdealtotheonlooker’simagination.Sometimesonlythetipofaplumbranchisgiveninthewholepictureandleftthereasperfect.Thisartistictraditiondidnotebychance.Itscharacteristicsmaybemostconvenientlysummedup,Ithink,intheworldlyricism,andthislyricismcamefromacertaintypeofhumanspiritandculture.ForwemustrememberthatChinesepaintingiscloselyrelated,inspiritandtechnique,toChinesecalligraphyandChinesepoetry.Calligraphygaveititstechnique,andChinesepoetrylentititsspirit.ItwasWangWei,bornin699,afirstclasslandscapepainterhimself,whofirstintroducedintopaintingthespiritandtechniqueofChinesepoetry,withitsimpressionism,itslyricism,anditsemphasisonatmosphere.Thusthe“fatherofthesouthernschool,”whichmakesChinesepaintinganddeservedlyfamous,wasamannurturedintheChinesepoeticspirit.Lateron,intheeleventhcentury,undertheinfluenceofSongscholarslikeSuDongpo(10351101),Chinesepaintingreachedstillgreatersimplicityandsubjectivity.SuDongpoevenpaintedabambootreewithoutitsjoints,andwhensomeoneprotested,herepliedbyasking,“Didthebamboogrowbyaddingonejointtoanother?”Su,whowasgreatwriterandpoet,specializedinpaintingbamboos,andhisbamboowaslikehis“runningscript”,asplashofinkwithoutcolours.ThebestwayofunderstandingChinesepaintingistostudytheseinfluenceswhichwentintothebuildingofthatpeculiartradition.31.AccordingtoPara.1,ChinesepaintingisdifferentfromWesternpaintingbecause____________.A.itleavesmuchspaceforpoems B.itspaintersenjoygreatfreedomC.itpresentssimplicitytoadegree D.itstoneandatmosphereisvisible32.FromPara.2,weknowthatChinesepainters____________.A.tendtotransformrealityintopuzzles B.usuallyshowhowtheyviewthesubjectC.produceworksbeyondtheirimagination D.guidepeopletoperceivetheworldasawhole33.FromtheexamplesofWangWeiandSuDongpo,weknow____________.A.influentialpoetsaregreatpainters B.howChineseculturehasdevelopedC.whatabilitiesareneededtocreatepaintings D.Chinesetraditionalartformsarelinkedtightly34.Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?A.TotracetherootofChineseculture. B.Tointroducedifferentpaintingtechniques.C.ToshowthefeaturesoftraditionalChineseart. D.TopresenthowtoappreciateChinesepainting【答案】31.C32.D33.D34.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。中国画是中国文化的一朵花，它有自己独特的精神和氛围，完全不同于西方绘画。文章主要介绍了中国画的特点以及中国画在精神和技术上与中国书法和中国诗歌密切相关的关系。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Itshowsacertaineconomyofmaterial,markedbythemanyblankspaces,anideaofpositiondeterminedbyitsownharmonyandmarkedbyaboldnessandfreedomofthebrushwhichimpressestheonlookerinanunforgettablemanner.(它显示了一定的材料经济，以许多空白为标志，一种由其自身的和谐决定的构图理念，以笔触的大胆和自由为标志，这给旁观者留下了令人难忘的印象)”可知，中国画不同于西方绘画，因为中国画在一定程度上表现出简单。故选C。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Somehowthepicturebeforeushasundergoneaninnerprocessoftransformationintheartistsmind,givingusonlyapletelysatisfyingwhole,sotruetolifeandyetsodifferentfromit.(不知怎的，摆在我们面前的这幅画在艺术家的头脑中经历了一个内在的转变过程，只呈现给我们一个完全令人满意的整体，既如此逼真，又与现实截然不同)”可知，中国画家引导人们以一个整体来看待世界。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ForwemustrememberthatChinesepaintingiscloselyrelated,inspiritandtechnique,toChinesecalligraphyandChinesepoetry.Calligraphygaveititstechnique,andChinesepoetrylentititsspirit.(因为我们必须记住，中国画在精神和技术上与中国书法和中国诗歌密切相关。书法赋予了它技巧，中国诗歌赋予了它精神)”；第四段中“ItwasWangWei,bornin699,afirstclasslandscapepainterhimself,whofirstintroducedintopaintingthespiritandtechniqueofChinesepoetry,withitsimpressionism,itslyricism,anditsemphasisonatmosphere.(生于699年的王维，本人就是一位一流的山水画画家，他首先将中国诗歌的精神和技巧引入绘画，包括印象主义、抒情主义和对气氛的强调)”以及第五段中“Lateron,intheeleventhcentury,undertheinfluenceofSongscholarslikeSuDongpo(10351101),Chinesepaintingreachedstillgreatersimplicityandsubjectivity.(后来，到了11世纪，在苏东坡（1035—1101）等宋人的影响下，中国画更趋于简单和主观性)”可知，从王维和苏东坡的例子中，我们知道中国的传统艺术形式是紧密相连的。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Chinesepainting,theflowerofChineseculture,isdistinguishedbyaspiritandanatmosphereallofitsown,entirelydifferentfromWesternpainting.(中国画是中国文化的一朵花，它有自己独特的精神和氛围，完全不同于西方绘画)”结合文章主要介绍了中国画的特点以及中国画在精神和技术上与中国书法和中国诗歌密切相关的关系。可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了展示中国传统艺术的特点。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Shouldschoolsreportastudent’shealthtoparents?Asifgradesweren’tenoughtoworryabout,somestudentsnowhaveweightontheirmindstoo.ThenumberofoverweightchildrenintheUnitedStateshasmorethandoubledinthepast20years,accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.____35____Asaresult,schoolsinseveralstates,fromCaliforniatoPennsylvania,havestartedsendinghome"BMIreportcards".Thoseschoolssendhomeareportofastudent’sbodymassindex(BMI).BMIisacalculationofweightandheightthattellswhetherapersonisoverweightforhisorherage.____36____Peopleonbothsidesofthedebateareweighingin.SomelawmakerssayBMIreportswarnparentsoftheirchildrenshealthproblemhelpfightagainstobesity.In2003,formerArkansasGovernor.MikeHuckabeehelpedlaunchthefirstprogramtoreportstudents’BMI.____37____PechatricianJoeThompsonhelpedplantheBMIprogramforArkansasschools.HeexplainsthatthereportsinArkansasaresenthomeseparatelyfromreportcards.“Themisconceptionisthatstudentsarebeinggradedontheirweight,”hetoldWRNews,“Justlikeaschoolscreenforvisionorhearing,thisisahealthapproachtoraiseawarenessaboutarisk.”____38____Parentshaveplainedthatthereportsdamagetheirchildren’sselfresp