新教材高中英语人教版学案UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS5·12汶川地震，发生于2008年5月12日(星期一)14时28分04秒，根据中华人民共和国地震局的数据，此次震级达8.0级，地震波及大半个中国及亚洲多个国家和地区，北至辽宁，东至上海，南至香港、澳门、泰国、越南，西至巴基斯坦均有震感。5·12汶川地震严重破坏地区超过10万平方千米，其中，极重灾区共10个县(市)，较重灾区共41个县(市)，一般灾区共186个县(市)。截至2008年9月18日12时，5·12汶川地震共造成69227人死亡，374643人受伤，17923人失踪，是中华人民共和国成立以来破坏力最大的地震，也是唐山大地震后伤亡最严重的一次地震。经国务院批准，自2009年起，每年5月12日为全国“防灾减灾日”。BBCNewsaboutWenchuanEarthquakeApowerfulearthquakeinChinaisfearedtohavekilledthousandsofpeopleinthesouthwesternprovinceofSichuan.TheofficialnewsagencyXinhuasaysnearlytenthousandpeoplemayhavedied,withmanymoreburiedandinjured.Inonecounty,mostofthebuildingsarereportedtohavecollapsed(倒塌).MichaelBristowsentthisreportfromwestern“ThisisthebiggestearthquaketohitChinainmorethan30years.Thousandsarealreadyconfirmed(证实)dead.Chinesestatemediaarereportingthat900middleschoolchildrenwereburiedwhentheirschoolcollapsed.Atleast50areknowntohavedied.80%ofthebuildingsinonecountyalonehavecollapsed,andupto5000peopletherearefeareddead.Theearthquakestruckjustbefore2：30thisafternoon.Theepicenter(震中)wasinthemountainousWenchuancountyinSichuanprovince.”Andtodaymarksthe11thanniversaryoftheterribleearthquakethatstruckWenchuanCountyinsouthwestChina'sSichuanprovince.TheearthquakewasthestrongesttohitChinasince1950.Atleast87,000peoplewerekilledordeclaredmissinginthedisaster.Theearthquakeleftmorepeoplehomelessthananyothertremor(微震)inrecordedhistory.Atleast4,800,000peoplerequiredshelteraftertheirhomesweredestroyed.However,theimpact(影响)oftheSichuanquakewasnotonlyfeltthroughthedeathtoll(伤亡人数)—italsoresultedinsignificanteconomicloss.ButWenchuanhasbegunhugereconstructionsince2008.Itisestimated(估算)about885billionRMB,or137billionUSdollarshavebeenspentonrebuildingtheaffectedarea.开启快乐学习之旅地震是地壳快速释放能量过程中造成的振动，期间会产生地震波的一种自然现象。地球上板块与板块之间相互挤压碰撞，造成板块边沿及板块内部产生错动和破裂，是引起地震的主要原因。地震常常造成严重的人员伤亡，能引起火灾、水灾、有毒气体泄漏、细菌及放射性物质扩散，还可能造成海啸、滑坡、崩塌、地裂缝等次生灾害。当前的科技水平尚无法预测地震的到来，未来相当长的一段时间内，地震也是无法预测的。所谓成功预测地震的例子，基本都是巧合。对于地震，我们更应该做的是提高建筑抗震等级、做好防御，而不是预测。模块核心素养导航SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinkingⅠ.重点单词1．disastern．灾难；灾害2．droughtn．旱灾；久旱3．slidevi.&vt4．floodn．洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没→floodedadj.洪水泛滥的5．rescuen．&vt.营救；救援6．damagevt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失7．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivorn．幸存者→survivaln．幸存；残存；残存物8．destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭9．deathn．死；死亡10．affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动11．sheltern．避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩藏vi.躲避(风雨或危险)12．ruinn．&vt.破坏；毁坏13．percentn．百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中→percentagen．百分率；百分比14．brickn．砖；砖块15．metaln．金属→modeln．模特；模范；榜样→medaln．奖章；勋章；纪念章→median．新闻媒体；传媒16．shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shockedadj.感到震惊的→shockingadj.令人震惊的17．electricityn．电；电能→electricadj.电动的，用电的→electricaladj.与(用)电有关的；电气科学的→electronicadj.电子的18．trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱19．buryvt.埋葬；安葬20．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn．呼吸；气息→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的→breathlesslyadv.气喘吁吁地；上气不接下气地21．effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力→effortlessadj.不需费力的22．unifyvi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体23．wisdomn．智慧；才智→wiseadj.有智慧的；英明的；明智的→wiselyadv.明智地；精明地24．contextn．上下文；语境；背景25．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→sufferingn．疼痛；痛苦；苦难；折磨Ⅱ.重点短语1．writedown写下；记下2．referto指的是；参考3．thinkabout考虑4．setup搭起；建立5．atleast至少6．asusual像往常一样7．asif似乎；好像；仿佛8．etoanend结束；终结9．inruins严重受损；破败不堪10．thenumberof……的数目11．nothingbut除……以外什么也不；只有；只不过12．tensofthousandsof数以万计的13．inshock震惊；吃惊14．digout掘出；发现15．lookup抬头看，查阅16．sufferfrom患……疾病；受……之苦Ⅲ.重点句型1．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢吃食，狗也拒绝进入建筑物中。2．Miceranoutofthefieldslooking_forplacestohide，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身，鱼也从水中跳出来。3．Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!世界末日似乎到了！4．Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.居住在那儿的人有三分之二死亡或受伤。5．Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上万个孩子变成了孤儿。6．Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.地震中死亡和重伤的人数超过40万。7．Everywheresurvivorslooked，therewasnothingbutruins.幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。eq\o(\s\up7(1),\s\do5())landsliden.山地或悬崖的崩塌；滑坡slidevi.&vt.使滑行；滑动；使悄悄移动vi.下滑，下跌；逐渐败坏n.滑动；滑道；滑梯；幻灯片[典型例句]Francescaslidacrosstheice.弗朗西丝卡从冰面上滑过。Isawamanslidingonabananaskin.我看到有个人踩在香蕉皮上滑了一下。[思维拓展]slideinto/outof溜进/出……slideo/outof悄悄把……放进/拿出Sheslidoutoftheroomwhilenoonewaslooking.她趁着没人注意溜出了房间。Thecarwentintoaslideontheicyroad.汽车在结冰的路面上打滑了。注意：slide的过去式、过去分词是slid，slid。[即学即练]Heslidintothegardenwithoutbeingseen.2eq\a\vs4\al(rescuen.&vt.营救；救援)[典型例句]Wehadgivenupthehopeofrescue.我们那时已经放弃了营救的希望。Werescuedhimfromtheenemy'scamp.我们把他从敌营中救了出来。[思维拓展]rescue...from...把……从……中营救出来e/gotoone'srescue设法营救某人[即学即练]Thefiremensucceededinrescuing(rescue)threewomenfromtheburninghouse.3eq\a\vs4\al(damagevt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失)[典型例句]Theearthquakedamagedseveralbuildings.地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。Youhavedamagedmybicycle.Youwon'thaveitagain.你把我的自行车弄坏了。你别想再用了。Eatingtoomuchmeatonetimewillcausedamagetoyourstomach.一次吃太多肉会对你的胃造成损害。[易混辨析]damage，destroy，ruindamage，destroy和ruin这三个单词均表示“破坏”“损坏”的意思，但各自的含义和用法不同。damage指部分“损坏”“损害”“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与tosomething连用。如：Hundredsofhousesintheareaweredamagedbythestorm.暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetohiscar.这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。destroy只能用作动词，指彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，常作“破坏”“毁灭”解，也可以指希望、计划等破灭。如：Theearthquakedestroyedalmostthewholetown.地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。Hishopeofbeingawriterwasdestroyed.他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。ruin则表示破坏严重，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时，它作“使毁灭”“使崩溃”“弄糟”解；用作名词时，它表示“毁灭”“瓦解”“废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。如：Thefireruinedthecastle.那场大火把城堡夷为废墟。Thehousehasfallenintoruin.房子倒塌了。Thepanyisfacingruin.这家公司面临破产。[思维拓展]cause/dodamageto＝damage(v.)伤害，损伤doharmto＝beharmfulto＝bebadfor对……造成伤害/有害处dogoodtosb.＝dosb.good＝begoodforsb.对……有好处dowrongto冤屈，冤枉begoodto＝bekindto对……好心dowellin＝begoodat擅长；bebad/poorat＝beweakin不擅长[即学即练]Factsshowthattheycandogreatdamagetoourcauseandthattheyhavealreadydoneso.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(survivorn.幸存者；生还者,survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难渡过；比某人长寿)[典型例句]Shesurvivedherhusbandbytwentyyears.她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。Onlytwopassengerssurvivedtheaircrash.这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于难。Manystrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertimes.有许多奇怪的习俗是从早年留存下来的。[思维拓展]survivesb.(by)比某人活得长(几年)survivetheaccident(crash,earthquake)从事故(坠机、地震)中生还survivefromsth.从……存活下来；流传下来surviveon...靠……维持生活，靠……存活下来survivaln．幸存；残存；残存物survivorn．幸存者[误区警示]survive多用作不及物动词，作及物动词时，如果是“比……活得长”的意思，后面可跟“人”作宾语，如果是“从……中生还、幸存下来”，后面的宾语是“车祸、风暴、地震”等名词。[即学即练]MrSmithsurvivedtheaccident，buthiswifediedandhesurvived(survive)herbytwentyyears.5eq\a\vs4\al(destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭)[典型例句]Afiredestroyedthehouse.一场火毁坏了那座房屋。Theschoolwaspletelydestroyedbyfire.学校被大火彻底烧毁了。Allhishopesweredestroyed.他所有的希望都破灭了。[巧学妙记][思维拓展]destructionn.[U]破坏；毁坏destructiveadj.破坏性的；造成破坏的[即学即练]Withmoreforestsbeing_destroyed(destroy),hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.6eq\a\vs4\al(affectvt.影响；疾病侵袭；深深打动)[典型例句]Hewasmuchaffectedbythesadnews.这个悲惨的消息使他非常难过。Theadvertisingcampaigndidn'thavemucheffectonsales.这些广告攻势对销售额并没有起到多大作用。[思维拓展]beaffectedby被……侵袭；被……感动effectn．影响haveaneffect/influenceon对……有影响ineffect实际上takeeffect开始实行；开始生效bring/putsth.intoeffect使某物开始使用eintoeffect(尤指法律/规章制度)开始实施[即学即练](1)Oneofherlungsis_affected(affect)alittlesothatshehastorest.(2)Ithinktheaffected(affect)patientneedstobeisolated(隔离)．eq\o(\s\up7(7),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(sheltern.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避风雨或危险)[典型例句]Wetriedtofixupashelterfromtherain.我们设法搭起一个躲雨的地方。Manyofthechildrenintheshelterareorphans.收容所里有好多孩子是孤儿。Humanbeingsneedclothing,foodandshelter.人类有衣、食、住的需求。Shewasaccusedofshelteringamurderer.她因为庇护谋杀犯而被控告。[即学即练]Thoughshewasamonperson,shewas_sheltered(shelter)bytheUSA.8eq\a\vs4\al(ruinn.&vt.破坏；毁坏)[典型例句]Thestormruinedthecrops.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。Ifyougoonlikethis,you'llruinyourself.如果你继续这样下去，你会毁了你自己。[思维拓展]inruins严重受损；破败不堪betheruinof成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因e/fallintoruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉bringsb.toruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产bringruinupononeself自取灭亡＝ruinoneselfruinone'shealth/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉Thecitylaidinruinsaftertheearthquake.地震之后，这座城市变成了一片废墟。Ofcourse,someofthebuildingsarenowinruins.当然，有些楼房现在成了一片废墟。[即学即练]Yearsoffightinghavelefttheareainruins.9eq\a\vs4\al(shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.使震惊)[典型例句]Hehasneverrecoveredfromtheshockofhisfather'sdeath.他一直没有从他爸爸去世的打击中恢复过来。Itwasquiteashocktoseemyfaceonthatscreen!从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已！Theysatthereinshockanddisbelief.他们吃惊地坐在那里，不敢相信这是真的。Yes,wearestillinshock,butwecame.是的，我们仍然感到震惊，但我们来了。[思维拓展]shockedadj.感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)shockingadj.令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)beshockedat/by(doing)sth.被……震惊beshockedtodosth.惧怕做某事Itshockedsb.tosee/hear...看见/听到……使某人震惊(be)ashocktosb.对某人来说是个打击inshock震惊；吃惊[即学即练](1)Lincoln'sdeathwasapieceofsurprisingnews.Thewholenationwasshocked(shock)atthesadnews.(2)Logan'sdeathwaspointless—thatwaspartofthereasonwewereinshock.10eq\a\vs4\al(trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱)[典型例句]Theyweretrappedintheburningbuilding.他们被困在着火的大楼里。Hetrappedmeintobelievinghim.他诱使我相信他的话。Thedeerwascaughtinourtrap.那只鹿落入了我们的陷阱。[思维拓展]trapsb.into(doing)．..诱使某人(做)……betrappedin...困在……中，陷在……中setatrap/traps设陷阱[即学即练]Wedesirethatimmediatehelpshouldbegiventothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrapped(trap)bytheflood.11eq\a\vs4\al(buryvt.埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心)[典型例句]Burytheoldworldandbuildanewone.埋葬旧世界，建设新世界。Hehadburiedhiswifesometwoyearsbeforeheretired.大概在他退休前两年，他妻子去世了。IwashorrifiedthatpeoplewouldthinkIwasdeadandburymealive.想到人们会认为我死了并把我活埋，我觉得恐惧万分。Sincesheleft,hehasburiedhimselfinwork.自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。Shesatthere,buriedinthoughts.她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。[思维拓展]burysth.in...把……埋到……里buryoneselfin(doing)sth.埋头于；专心致志于(做)某事beburiedin埋头于；专心于beburiedinthoughts沉思buryone'sfaceinone'shands双手掩面beburiedalive被活埋；隐居提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：bedevotedto,beaddictedto,beabsorbedin等。[即学即练]Hisheadwasburiedinthebookhewasreading.12eq\a\vs4\al(breathevi.&vt.呼吸)[典型例句]Ifyoubreatheonthewindowyoucanwriteyournameinthemist.如果你往玻璃窗上哈气，你可以在雾蒙蒙的窗上写下你的名字。Theairwassocoldthatwecouldhardlybreathe.空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。Shewasbeginningtobreathemoreeasily.她呼吸开始较为顺畅了。[思维拓展]breathein吸入breatheout呼出breathn．呼吸breathlessadj.喘不过气来的；无风的holdone'sbreath屏住呼吸outofbreath气喘吁吁；上气不接下气takeabreath歇口气，歇会儿透口气getone'sbreathback喘过气来，恢复正常呼吸loseone'sbreath气喘吁吁，上气不接下气[即学即练](1)Afterclimbingthatlongflightofstairsshewaspletelyoutofbreath.(2)Theyholdtheir(they)breathwhentheywatchedthematch.13eq\a\vs4\al(effortn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力)[典型例句]YoucannotlearnChinesewellwithoutmakinggreateffort.只有努力，你才能学好汉语。Twenty­threehourshaspassedaftertheexplosioninthemine,butrescueeffortstorecoverthemissingarestillbeingcarriedout.矿井爆炸已过23个小时了，但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。Wemakeeveryefforttomakemorefilms,andinturnthiscreatesfurtherenvironmentalpollution.我们竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。One'ssuccessislargelyduetohisefforts.一个人的成功在很大程度上是由于他的努力。[误区警示]effort表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义)，通常是不可数名词。如：It'sawasteoftimeandeffort.这是在浪费时间和精力。若强调一次一次具体的努力，通常是可数名词，常与all,these等修饰语连用。如：Allhiseffortswereofnoavail.他的努力都没有用。[思维拓展]makeefforts(aneffort,everyeffort)做出努力sparenoeffort不遗余力，尽力去做with(an)effort努力地withouteffort毫不费力[即学即练]What'sthepoint，inyouropinion，ofhelpinghimifhedoesn'tmakeaneffortto_help(help)himself?14eq\a\vs4\al(suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等受苦)[典型例句]Manypeoplearestillsufferingfromstarvation.很多人仍然在忍受饥饿之苦。Japanissufferinganotherdisasterbecauseofthenuclearleak.日本因核泄漏正遭受另一场灾难。[易混辨析]suffer,sufferfrom易混词区别例句suffersuffer后的宾语多为pain,defeat,loss,poverty等，表示的是所受之苦。Hesufferedmanydefeatsbeforesuccess.成功前他失败了很多次。sufferfromfrom后的宾语表示的是受苦的原因。Thechildsuffersfrommeasles.这个小孩得了麻疹。[思维拓展]sufferingn．(身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼，苦难的经历suffertheresult/heavylosses/injuries承受结果/遭受重大损失/负伤sufferfromheadache/illness/war/theflood遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争/洪水[即学即练]MrsWhite'slittleboyissufferingfromabadflubugagain.考点集训一单句语法填空1．“Nicemeetingyou，Zoe，”Isaidandslid(slide)off.2．Helicoptersrescued(rescue)nearly20peoplefromtheroofoftheburningbuilding.3．Thedamaged(damage)carisbeyondrepair.4．Thiswilldogreatdamagetooursociety.5．Thelittleboywastheonlyonewhosurvived(survive)theearthquakeinhisvillage，andthegovernmentsenthimtoacityschoolafterthat.6．Noonewasinjuredintheexplosion，butthebuildingwaspletelydestroyed(destroy)．7．Theclimateaffects(affect)theamountoftherainfall，sowemustpayattentiontoit.8．Thewallsheltered(shelter)usfromthewindinthelastwinter.9．Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruinaftertherevolution.10．Shewasshocked(shock)andwenttotheteachertoaskwhy.11．Iaminshock.Istillcan'tbelieveit'strue.12．Herantheriskofbeing_trapped(trap)inthefire.13．Iwaslookingformyhandbag，whichwas_buried(bury)underapileofoldnewspapers.14．Wehavetobreatheinandoutsomanytimesaminute.1eq\a\vs4\al(setup设立；建立)[典型例句]Theysetupaspecialmitteetolookintothematter.他们设立了一个专门的委员会来调查此事。Theydecidedtosetupanewschool.他们决定建一所新学校。[思维拓展]setoff出发；动身；开始setout出发；动身setabout(doingsth.)开始(做某事)[即学即练]—Havegreatchangestakenplaceinyourvillage?—Yes.Anewschoolwassetupinthevillagelastyear.2eq\a\vs4\al(asusual像往常一样)[典型例句]Hewouldgohome，asusual，forChristmas.他像往常一样回家过圣诞节。Ishallleavetheofficeatthesametimeasusual.我将在和平时一样的时间离开办公室。[即学即练]WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.3eq\a\vs4\al(asif似乎；好像；仿佛)[典型例句]Thechildtalkedtousasifhewereagrown­up.那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个大人似的。Shelefttheroomhurriedlyasifshewasangry.她匆忙离开了房间，好像很生气的样子。Itlooksasifitwillrainbeforelong.看起来一会儿就要下雨了。[思维拓展]asif＝asthough仿佛；好像evenif＝eventhough即使注意：若asif引导的从句可能是真实的事或情形时，用陈述语气；若与事实相反或不符，通常用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时，be动词用were；表示与过去事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去完成时，表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。(1)asif/asthough引导表语从句时，如果是客观的事实，用真实的语气；如果是不可能发生的事，只是一种想象、猜测，则用虚拟语气。Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.乌云密布，天看起来像要下雨了。Itlooksasiftheskywerefallingdown.天看起来好像要塌下来似的。(2)asif/asthough引导方式状语从句，要用虚拟语气。Hetalksasifheweretheowneroftheworld.(与现在事实相反，be动词用were)他说起话来好像他主宰这个世界似的。Hetalksasifhehadbeentothemoon.(与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时)他说起话来好像他去过月球似的。Shetalksandtalksasifshewouldneverstop.(与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would＋动词原形)她说呀说呀，好像永远也说不完。(3)asif引导方式状语从句时可用省略形式，后面接名词、形容词、副词和介词短语，也可跟分词或不定式。如：Hetalksasifaphilosopher.他说起话来就好像是一个哲学家似的。Theladycriedandlaughedasifmad.这位女士哭了又笑，好像疯了。Tomdroppedhisheadanddidn'tdaresayaword,asifnotknowingtheanswer.汤姆低垂着头不敢说话，好像不知道答案。Hetalksasifdrunk.从他谈话的样子来看，他像是醉了。Tomopenedhismouthasiftosaysomething.汤姆张开嘴好像要说什么。[即学即练](1)—Whatanoise!Icanhardlystandit.—Itsoundsasiftheyarehavingapartynextdoor.(2)Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedasifto_see(see)whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.4eq\a\vs4\al(nothingbut除……外什么也没有；只有；仅仅)[典型例句]FormilesandmilesIcouldseenothingbutagreatfireandlotsofsmoke.一连好几英里，除了大火和浓烟我什么也看不见。Hedidnothingbutsleepalldaylong.他什么也不干，成天睡觉。Icandonothingbutobeyit.我只能服从。[思维拓展]anythingbut绝不，根本不Iwasanythingbuthappyaboutgoing.我一点也不愿意出去。[即学即练]Underthesoilthereisnothingbutsand.5eq\a\vs4\al(tensofthousandsof数以万计的)[典型例句]Tensofthousandsofpeoplewerewatchingthegameinthestadiumwhenitbegantorain.数以万计的人正在体育馆看比赛，这时天突然下起雨来。[误区警示]thousand,hundred等前有具体数字时不用复数，后接名词时不用of；但如果是表示不确定的数目，即表示“概数”时，用复数形式，且后跟of。如：twohundredstudents两百名学生hundreds/thousandsof...数以百计/千计的……[思维拓展]hundredsof数以百计的thousandsof数以千计的dozensof许多；大量scoresof许多；大量millionsof数以百万计的hundredsandhundredsof成百上千的hundredsofthousandsof成千上万的[即学即练]Thousandsofpeopleleftthecountrysidetoworkinthecity.6eq\a\vs4\al(digout掘出；发现)[典型例句]Theydugoutanoldvase.他们挖出了一个旧花瓶。Itriedtodigoutthetruth.我设法探出真相。[思维拓展]diginto挖掘；深入钻研digup找出；查明[即学即练]Imustremembertodigoutthatbookforyou.考点集训二单句语法填空1．Wesetaboutpainting(paint)thewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.2．Asusual，theyleftthechildrenathomewithSusan.3．ItsoundsasifyouhavehadagoodtimeinQingdao.4．Politenesscostsnothingbutwinseverything.5．ThegentlemanwillbedevotedtoLilyforever，eventhough/ifshetreatshimbadly.eq\o(\s\up7(1),\s\do5())Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢吃食，狗也拒绝进入建筑物中。(1)这是由并列连词and连接的两个简单句。(2)too...to...太……而不能Thewiresaretoohighforchildrentoreach.线太高，孩子们够不着。Hewastooilltotravel.他病得太重了，不能远行。It'stoohotadaytowork.天气太热了，无法工作。[思维拓展]too...to...句型在下列情况下表示肯定意义：(1)与某些表示心情的或描述性的形容词连用时，too相当于very，意为“非常”。此类形容词常见的有happy,glad,easy,ready,willing,nervous,good,kind,surprised等。在该用法中，常在too前加上only,but,all,simply或just，用来加强语气。Tomis(only)toogladtohelpyou.汤姆非常乐意帮助你。Theyare(all)toowillingtotaketheopinionsofothers.他们都非常愿意接受别人的意见。(2)too前有not,never,can't等否定词修饰时构成双重否定，表示肯定意义，意为“并非太……；不会太……；再……也不过分”。Englishisnottoodifficulttolearn.英语并不难学。It'snevertoolatetolearn.活到老，学到老。Youcan'tbetoocarefultodoyourhomework.你做作业越仔细越好。[即学即练]Theproblemistoodifficultforthestudentstoworkout.eq\o(\s\up7(2),\s\do5())Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身，鱼也从水中跳出来。句中and连接两个并列的简单句。lookingfor...是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其逻辑主语是Mice。现在分词除了作伴随状语外还可作时间、条件、原因、结果状语等。Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他走了出去，将门关上了。(伴随状语)Hearingthegoodnews，hejumpedupwithjoy.听到那个好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。(时间状语)[即学即练]Hewaslyingonthegrasslooking(look)atthestarsinthesky.eq\o(\s\up7(3),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend！,世界末日似乎到了！)(1)asif引导的从句在句中作表语，asif“仿佛；好像”。Itseemedasif...意为“看起来好像……”。(2)etoanend结束；终止Themeetinghasetoanend.会议已经结束了。Theirquarrelcametoanendfinally.他们的争吵终于结束了。[误区警示]etoanend的主语是物，不用于被动语态。若表示“使……结束”，则用bringsth.toanend。如：Hemanagedtobringtheterriblesituationtoanend.他设法结束了这种糟糕的局面。[思维拓展]beatanend结束attheendof在……的尽头reachtheendoftheline/road穷途末路intheend最终，最后makeendsmeet使收支相抵；勉强维持生计whenites/cametosth./doingsth.谈到……；说到……Ites/cametosb.that...某人忽然想到……[即学即练]Thankfully，Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.,居住在那儿的人有三分之二死亡或受伤。)(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是Twothirdsofthepeopleweredeadorinjured；wholivedthere是定语从句，thepeople是定语从句的先行词，who是关系代词，代替先行词并在定语从句中作主语。(2)two­thirds是英语中的分数表达法。在英语中，表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。如果分子大于1，分母则要用复数形式，即其后加­s。one­third三分之一aquarter四分之一ahalf二分之一three­fourths四分之三two­fifths＝twofifths五分之二[误区警示](1)分数的分子与分母之间的连字符可有可无。(2)“分数＋n.”在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于分数后的名词的单复数形式。Three­fourthsofthestudentslikewatchingmovies.四分之三的学生喜欢看电影。[即学即练]Onlyone­thirdofthe60questionswereansweredcorrectly.eq\o(\s\up7(5),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.,成千上万个孩子变成了孤儿。)(1)Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents是．..leftthousandsofchildrenwithoutparents的被动形式。withoutparents是介词短语，在句中作主语补足语，表示主语的状态。(2)leave表示“使处于……状态”时，可构成“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、过去分词、现在分词、介词(短语)等充当。Youshouldn'thaveleftallthewindowsopenwhenyouweresleeping.你睡觉时本不该开着所有的窗子的。(形容词作宾补)Sheranaway，leavingherboyfriendintherainalone.她跑开了，留她的男友一个人在雨中。(介词短语作宾补)It'simpoliteofyoutoleavethegueststandingoutsideforhalfanhour.你让客人在外面站了半个小时真是不礼貌。(现在分词作宾补)Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched，becausetheydidn'ttastedelicious.大部分菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。(过去分词作宾补)[即学即练]Weshouldnotleavethetapwaterrunning(run)orwasteanymeterialsinthelabclass.eq\o(\s\up7(6),\s\do5())Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.地震中死亡和受伤的人数超过40万。(1)这是一个主从复合句。句中whowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequake是who引导的定语从句，先行词是people，who是关系代词，代替先行词并在从句中作主语。(2)thenumberof意为“……的数目”，后接可数名词复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增加。[思维拓展]anumberof等同于many，意为“许多的”，修饰可数名词复数形式，当其所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Quiteanumberofyoungpeoplebelievethatmoneyisapassporttohappiness.相当一部分年轻人认为金钱是获得幸福的通行证。[即学即练]Anumberofteachersare(be)presenttoday；thenumberofthemis(be)300.eq\o(\s\up7(7),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Everywheresurvivorslooked，therewasnothingbutruins.,幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。)Everywhere在句中作连词用，引导状语从句。意为“所到之处”。Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived.他们每到一处都受到了友好的接待。EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样的情况。[思维拓展](1)everywhere可用作副词用作副词时，不要在其前使用in,at,to之类的介词。如：I'velookedeverywhereforit.我到处都找过它了。Hetakeshisdogwithhimeverywhere.他无论到哪儿都带着他的狗。注意：有时根据需要可与介词from连用。如：Congratulationspouredinfromeverywhere.祝贺像潮水一样从四面八方涌来。(2)everywhere可用作表语用作表语时，表示某种情况很普遍。如：Girlswithlonghairwereeverywhereinthe1960s.在二十世纪六十年代女孩子留长发的现象相当普遍。(3)everywhere可用作名词，作主语。Everywhereseemedtobesilent.万籁俱寂。[即学即练]ThedogfollowedmeeverywhereIwent.考点集训三单句语法填1．Thechildistooyou