2023年高考英语抢分秘籍（新高考专用）高考英语阅读理解二：同义替换词 一

高考英语阅读理解：同义替换词（1）

同义替换Unitl.........................................................................................................................."1-

同义替换Unit2..........................................................................................................................-2-

同义替换Unit3..........................................................................................................................-3-

同义替换Unit4..........................................................................................................................-4-

在阅读理解的某些细节题中，正确选项与原文的大意相同但表达方式不同，即进行了同义转

换。如2020年全国I卷第33题，正确选项中用lackof替代了原文中的beshonof（缺乏）；

2019年全国I卷第29题，正确选项中用varyfrompersontoperson替代了原文中的unique（独

一无二的）。对此，我们归纳了常见的150组同义表达，供考生复习参考。事实上，同义结

构放在一块记，有助于扩大词汇量；掌握这些同义表达，对阅读和写作，以及解答其他题，

都是非常有益的。

同义替换Unitl

充满befullof,befilledwith,befloodedwith,becrowdedwith

区分distinguish/tellAfromB

亲自personally,inperson

只有only,nobody/nothingbut

出版comeout,bepublished

尤其particularly,inparticular

锻炼exercise,workout

谋生make/earnaliving

代表represent,standfor,(be)onbehalfof

结合combine,mixsthup

前进advance,moveforward

舒适comfortable,atease

十年decade,tenyears

两周fortnight,twoweeks

二十score,twenty

十二dozen,twelve

成人adult,grown-up

删除delete,cutout

下降，减少decline,come/godown,drop,fall,decrease,reduce

移走remove,takeaway

吸收absorb,takein

与・・・——致agree/beconsistent/correspondwith

把…分开breaksthapart,split/divide/separatesth

用…替换replace...with,use...asanalternativeto...

同义替换Unit2

回答answer,replyto

收割harvest,gather,getin

抵制boycott,refusetoaccept,resist,reject

与…相反/对立contradict,beoppositeto

代替replace,taketheplaceof

背诵recite,learn...byheart

害怕fear,beafraid/scaredof

退(学)quit,dropoutof(school)

推迟delay,postpone,putoff

去拿来fetch,goandbringback

相匹配match,gowith

精力充沛energetic,fullofenergy

少数aminorityof,asmallnumberof

打扰causetroubleto,bother,disturb

描述describe,giveadescriptionof

后来afterwards,afterthat,lateron

缺席beabsentfrom,benotpresentat

目前nowadays,atpresent,atthepresenttime

宣布announce/declaresth,makesthknowntothepublic

重要count,matter,beimportant,beofimportance,significant,vital,crucial

担心worryabout,beconcerned/anxiousabout

提至l]mention,referto,talkabout/of

偶然地incidentally,accidentally,bychance/accident/coincidence,casually,occasionally

同义替换Unit3

展览onshow/display/exhibition

勇敢(去做)bebraveto,havecourageto

违法的illegal,notlegal,againstthelaw

满足需要caterto/meet/satisfytheneed

放弃abandon,goawayfrom,leave,giveup

信任，信赖irust,believe,haveconfidence/faithin

在农村/城市inthecountryside/city,rural/urbanareas

劝某人做advisesbtodo,trytopersuadesbtodo

取消cancel,calloff

劝某人不要做discouragesbfromdoing,persuadesbnottodo取消

除...之夕卜besides,aswellas,inadditionto,apartfrom

制订计划makeaplan,workoutaplan,drawupaplan

逃跑escape,runaway

开始存在appear,comeintobeing,comeintoexistence

进入enter,come/gointo

防…止疾病protect...fromsickness,avoid/preventsickness

用完某物runoutofsth,lacksth,sthrunout,sthbeusedup

方式，方法way,solution,approach,method,means

情况良好in(a)goodcondition,inagoodstate/situation

置若罔闻turnadeafearto,refusetolistento

高兴起来cheerup,becomehappy

全世界allover/aroundtheworld,worldwide,globally,internationally

重力gravity,thepulloftheearth

算出calculate,figureout

与...不同differfrom,bedifferentfrom,varyfrom...to...

乱七八糟inamess,indisorder

气喘吁吁breathless,outofbreath

做出决定determine,decide,makeadecision

对..有害doharmto,beharmfulto

相似，相像resemble,belike,besimilarto

低语，耳语whisper,speakinalowvoice

同义替换Unit4

寻找，追求seek,look/search/huntfor

茫然，困惑ataloss,puzzled/confused

取笑，逗弄tease,makefunof,laughat,amuse

提高，改善improve,make/becomebetter

庆祝celebrate,holdacelebration

长胖puton/gainweight,growfat

熟悉know...well,befamiliarwith

处理handle,settle,dealwith,copewith

至!］处everywhere,hereandthere

力口速accelerate,speedup,quicken

值得，应得deservesth,beworthyofsth,beworthdoingsth

保证，确保ensure,guarantee,makesure/certain

把某物分配给某人allocatesthtosb,dividesthamongsb

一年一次的annual,yearly,everyyear

可进入/接近的beaccessible,beeasytoenter/reach/use

使能做某事enablesbtodo,makesbabletodo

宁做A不做BdoAratherthan(doing)B,doAinsteadof(doing)B

出国goabroad,gotoaforeigncountry

控告accusesbofsth,chargesbwithsth

成功做某事managetodosth,succeedindoingsth

突然笑/哭起来burstintolaughter/tears,burstoutlaughing/crying

不理，忽视ignore,overlook,paynoattentionto

挨饿，饿死starve,gohungry,diefromhunger

充当；起..的作用actas,serveas

榜样model,example

怒视glareat,lookatsthangrily

平静的calm,notexcited

抽象的abstract,notspecific

积极的active,notpassive

残酷地cruelly,withoutmercy,mercilessly

复杂的complicated,notsimple,complex

人造的artificial,man-made

故意地deliberately,onpurpose,purposely

再一次again,oncemore,onceagain,overandoveragain

独自地alone,byoneself

有危险indanger,atrisk

占…比例accountfor,makeup

青少年adolescent,teenager

同义替换Unit5

看医生gotosee/consultadoctor

更喜欢prefersth,likesthbetter

使生气annoysb,makesbangry

报道此事cover/reporttheevent

很多alot(of),agreatdeal(of)

影响交通holdup/blocktraffic

澄清,阐明clarify,makesthclear

可得到的beavailable,beeasilygot

吸引某人interest/attract/drawsb,appealtosb,catchsb'seye/attention

无论如何anyhow,inanyway

在...后面behind,atthebackof

无论什么whatever,nomatterwhat

使某人高兴cheersbup,makesbhappy

雇用某人employ/hiresb,takesbon

受欢迎的bepopularwith,bewellreceived(by...)

得出结论conclude,drawaconclusion

弄明白figureout,findout

试验tryout,test

反对beagainst,oppose,objectto,disagreewith,disapproveof

认为think/believethat,holdtheviewthat,argue/claimthat

做报告giveapresentation/talk/speech

辍学，退学dropoutofVleaveschool

优于，胜过havetheadvantageover,havetheedgeover,bebetterthan

对某人生气getangrywithsb,getcrosswithsb,beannoyedwithsb

有机会使用/做haveaccesstosth,havethechanceofdoingsth

对••…全然不知beinthedarkabout,knownothingabout

告诉某人某事tellsbsth,informsbofsth,keepsbinformedofsth

致力于apply/bend/commit/devoteoneselfto,bebent/committed/devotedto

旨在做aim/beaimedatdoing,bedesigned/intendedtodo,bemeanttodosth

一…就…ondoing;immediately,directly,instantly;themoment,theminute,thesecond,the

instant;assoonas,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when

老年人oldpeople,theold,seniorcitizens,theaged,theelderly

聪明的clever,bright,wise,smart

同义替换Unit6

1.particular=special=specific=unique特另！］的,独有的

2.absorb=takein吸收

3.settleon=makechoiceof=decideon选定

4.advantage=edge=upperhand优势

5.accompany=keepsbcompany=gowith陪伴，伴随

6.view=belief=opinion=insight观点

7.charge=fee=fare费用

8.involve...with=associate...with=link...to=relate...to与…有关联

9.release=issue=launch=convey=deliver发行，发表

10.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的

11.task=job=work=labour任务,工作

12.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地

13.react=respond反应

14.subjectiveviews=personal/individualviews(opinions)主观观点

15.understand=see=follow=grasp=comprehend=takein=figureout理解,想出

16.assessment=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估,估计

17.appear=surface=cometolight出现

18.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持

19.development=evolution=growth=progress发展

20.foster=raise=bringup养育

21.overtake=catchup=sweepover赶上，压倒

22.initial=original=premier最初的,开始的

23.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是

24.reduce=decrease=lessen=cut减少,减〃、

25.postpone=putoff=delay延期，推迟

26.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential至关重要的

27.attempt=effort尝试,努力

28.encourage=promote=fuel=further激发，促进

同义替换Unit7

1•"看look;see;watch;observe;notice;catchsightof;stare;glare;glance;glimpse;seea

film;watchTV

2.“说”:telllsthtosb.=tellsbsth;talkwithsbaboutsth;saysth;speakinEnglish;whisper

sthtosb;informsbofsth;reason/talk/persuadesbintodoingsth;bargain;chat;repeat;

explain;warn;remind;discuss;debate;figure;declare;claim;mention;admit;deny;

describe;announce;introduce;complain

3.“口U”：cry;call;shout;scream;moan;sigh;quarrel

4.“问ask;interview;express;question

5•“答answer;respond;reply

6•"听listento;hear;pickup;overhear

7•“笑smile;laugh;burstintolaughter;burstoutlaughing

8•"哭"：cry;shedtears;weep;sob;burstintotears/burstoutcrying

9.“吃/喝”：eat/drink;sip;haveameal;havesupper;toast;taste;treatsbto;helponeselfto

10•"穿"：puton;wear;haveon;bedressedin;makeup;getchanged;beinred;takeoff;

remove

11.“行walk;run;climb;jump;skip;slip;come/go;enter;move;drive;ride;fly;crawl

12."坐"：sitdown;beseated;seatoneself;takeaseat,stand;lean

13.“睡/休息”:lie/onone'sback/onone'sside/onone'sstomach;stayinbed;havearest;

takeanap;beasleep;bend;turnover;rest

14.“写”：dictate;writesth;describe;dropaline;draw;takedown/writedown

15,拿/放“：take;bring;hold;carry;fetch;lif;put;lay;pull;push

16.“抓"：takeholdof;seize;grasp;scratch

17.“打”:hit;beat;strike;blow;attack

18."扔throw;drop;fall;wave;shake

19."送"：send;deliver;give;offer;seeoff

20.“摸碘ouch;fold;embrace;hug;hold;inone'sarms

21.“踢/碰kick;knock;tip

22.“找/查find;lookfor;findout;discover/explore;huntfor;searchfor;seek,seekforin

searchof;searchsb;searchsp.forsth;check;examine;test;inspect

23•“得"：get;obtain;acquire;gain;possess

24•"失lose;belost/bemissing/gone;greatloss

25•“有have;own;conquer;occupy；possess

26•“无”：nothingleft;theremainingthing;disappear;bemissing/gone

27.“增/减”：rise/goup,drop;raise;bringdown/reduce;increase/decrease

28.“买/卖”：buy;purchase;afford;pay;payoff;payfor;sell;onsale;bargain;bill/cheque

/cash/creditcard/notes/coins;discounts

29•“存在/消失“：comeintobeing;exist;appear;survive;live;show;turnup;disappear;die;

dieout;passaway;beoutofsight

30.“变化"：develop;improve;become;grow;go+bad/wrong/sour;turn+colour;change

/changeinto;reform

31."成功/失败makeit;succeed;makeprogress;cometrue;realizeone5sdream;win;lose;

failtodo;defeat;sufferloss;beat;turnsth.intoreality

32•“努力try/manage;makeefforts;attempt;doone'sbest;doasmuchasonecantodo

33.祝贺：congratulatesb.onsth.;celebrate;observe;gettogether

34•敬佩：admire;respect;showrespectfor/to;adore;envy;bejealousy

35.赞美/批评：praise;thinkhighlyof;blamesbforsth;sbistoblame;criticize/scoldsb.for

sth.;havealowopinionofsb;speakillof

36.喜/恶：like;love;befondof;bekeenon;becrazyabout;adore;beinto;prefer;enjoy;

dislikehate;ignore

37•至|J达：arriveat;reach;returnto;getto;stayinsp.;visit;leave;leavefor

38.受伤：hurt;injure;wound;cut;kill;drown;bleed;getburnt;sufferfrom;sufferaloss

39•损坏：damage;destroy;ruin;breakdown;crash;bebroken

40.修复：repair;rebuild;restore;fix;recoveroneself

41.“认识的过程“：feel;sense;guess;suppose;wonder;doubt;know/learnrealize

understandremember;befamiliarwith;recall;recite;applyto

42•认为;判断：think;believe;consider;find;feel;conclude;infer;doubt

43.想/考虑：thinkof...as...;thinkabout;consid