社会排斥视角下的中国农村贫困

社会排斥视角下的中国农村贫困一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle本文旨在从社会排斥的视角深入剖析中国农村贫困问题。社会排斥是一个多维度的概念，涉及经济、政治、社会、文化和心理等多个层面。在中国农村，贫困问题往往与社会排斥紧密相关，表现为资源分配不公、基础设施落后、教育机会不均、公共服务缺失、社会参与不足以及心理边缘化等现象。本文首先概述了社会排斥理论的基本框架和核心观点，然后结合中国农村的实际情况，分析了农村贫困与社会排斥之间的内在联系。通过对农村贫困问题的多维度分析，本文揭示了社会排斥对农村贫困人口生活、发展和社会融入的深刻影响，并提出了相应的政策建议，以期为中国农村贫困问题的解决提供新的视角和思路。ThisarticleaimstodeeplyanalyzetheproblemofruralpovertyinChinafromtheperspectiveofsocialexclusion.Socialexclusionisamultidimensionalconceptthatinvolvesmultiplelevelssuchaseconomy,politics,society,culture,andpsychology.InruralChina,povertyisoftencloselyrelatedtosocialexclusion,manifestedasunequalresourceallocation,outdatedinfrastructure,uneveneducationalopportunities,lackofpublicservices,insufficientsocialparticipation,andpsychologicalmarginalization.Thisarticlefirstoutlinesthebasicframeworkandcoreviewpointsofsocialexclusiontheory,andthenanalyzestheinherentrelationshipbetweenruralpovertyandsocialexclusionbasedontheactualsituationinruralChina.Throughamultidimensionalanalysisofruralpoverty,thisarticlerevealstheprofoundimpactofsocialexclusiononthelives,development,andsocialintegrationofruralimpoverishedpopulations,andproposescorrespondingpolicyrecommendations,inordertoprovidenewperspectivesandideasforsolvingruralpovertyproblemsinChina.二、社会排斥理论框架Thetheoreticalframeworkofsocialexclusion社会排斥理论为我们理解中国农村贫困提供了一个全新的视角。社会排斥，简言之，是指个体或群体在社会生活中被边缘化、被剥夺机会和资源的现象。这一理论强调，贫困不仅仅是经济资源的匮乏，更是一种社会关系的缺失。在农村地区，这种社会排斥现象尤为明显，对贫困的形成和持续产生了深远的影响。ThetheoryofsocialexclusionprovidesuswithanewperspectiveonunderstandingruralpovertyinChina.Socialexclusion,inshort,referstothephenomenonofindividualsorgroupsbeingmarginalized,deprivedofopportunitiesandresourcesinsociallife.Thistheoryemphasizesthatpovertyisnotonlyalackofeconomicresources,butalsoalackofsocialrelationships.Inruralareas,thissocialexclusionphenomenonisparticularlyevidentandhasaprofoundimpactontheformationandpersistenceofpoverty.从社会排斥的视角来看，中国农村贫困的根源在于多维度的排斥作用。经济排斥使得农村贫困人口难以获取就业机会、金融资源以及基础设施服务等，从而加剧了他们的经济困境。制度排斥也是造成农村贫困的重要原因。一些不合理的制度设计，如户籍制度、土地制度等，限制了农民的社会流动和经济发展机会。再次，文化排斥使得农村贫困人口在教育、医疗、社会参与等方面面临障碍，加剧了他们的社会边缘化。地理排斥也是一个不容忽视的因素。一些偏远地区由于地理位置偏远、交通不便等原因，难以获得外部资源和信息，导致贫困问题更加突出。Fromtheperspectiveofsocialexclusion,therootcauseofruralpovertyinChinaliesinmultidimensionalexclusioneffects.Economicexclusionmakesitdifficultforruralpoorpeopletoaccessemploymentopportunities,financialresources,andinfrastructureservices,therebyexacerbatingtheireconomicdifficulties.Institutionalexclusionisalsoanimportantcauseofruralpoverty.Someunreasonablesystemdesigns,suchastheregisteredresidencesystemandthelandsystem,haverestrictedfarmers'socialmobilityandeconomicdevelopmentopportunities.Onceagain,culturalexclusionposesobstaclestoeducation,healthcare,andsocialparticipationforruralimpoverishedpopulations,exacerbatingtheirsocialmarginalization.Geographicalexclusionisalsoafactorthatcannotbeignored.Duetoremotegeographicallocationandinconvenienttransportation,someremoteareasfinditdifficulttoaccessexternalresourcesandinformation,leadingtomoreprominentpovertyproblems.为了缓解农村贫困，需要从多个层面入手，减少社会排斥现象。要完善经济制度，为农村贫困人口提供更多的就业机会和金融支持。要改革不合理的制度设计，促进农民的社会流动和经济发展。要加强文化教育投入，提高农村贫困人口的文化素质和技能水平，帮助他们更好地融入社会。要加强基础设施建设，改善偏远地区的交通和信息条件，打破地理排斥的束缚。Toalleviateruralpoverty,itisnecessarytostartfrommultiplelevelsandreducesocialexclusion.Weneedtoimprovetheeconomicsystemandprovidemoreemploymentopportunitiesandfinancialsupportforruralimpoverishedpopulations.Weneedtoreformunreasonableinstitutionaldesignsandpromotesocialmobilityandeconomicdevelopmentoffarmers.Weneedtostrengtheninvestmentinculturaleducation,improvetheculturalqualityandskilllevelofruralimpoverishedpopulations,andhelpthembetterintegrateintosociety.Weneedtostrengtheninfrastructureconstruction,improvetransportationandinformationconditionsinremoteareas,andbreaktheconstraintsofgeographicalexclusion.社会排斥理论为我们理解中国农村贫困提供了新的视角和思路。要有效缓解农村贫困问题，需要从减少社会排斥入手，构建更加包容、公正的社会环境。ThetheoryofsocialexclusionprovidesuswithanewperspectiveandapproachtounderstandingruralpovertyinChina.Toeffectivelyalleviateruralpoverty,itisnecessarytostartwithreducingsocialexclusionandbuildingamoreinclusiveandjustsocialenvironment.三、中国农村贫困的社会排斥现状ThecurrentsocialexclusionsituationofpovertyinruralChina社会排斥作为一个多维度的概念，在中国农村贫困的现实中表现得尤为明显。这不仅体现在经济层面，还深入到社会、文化和心理等多个维度。当前，中国农村贫困的社会排斥现状呈现出以下几个显著特点。Socialexclusion,asamultidimensionalconcept,isparticularlyevidentintherealityofruralpovertyinChina.Thisisnotonlyreflectedintheeconomicaspect,butalsodelvesintomultipledimensionssuchassociety,culture,andpsychology.Currently,thesocialexclusionofpovertyinruralChinapresentsthefollowingsignificantcharacteristics.经济排斥是农村贫困最直接的体现。许多农村地区由于地理位置偏远、资源匮乏，导致经济发展滞后。农民往往面临就业机会少、收入水平低等问题，从而陷入贫困的恶性循环。同时，农村基础设施建设滞后，交通不便、信息闭塞，也进一步加剧了经济排斥的现象。Economicexclusionisthemostdirectmanifestationofruralpoverty.Manyruralareashavelaggingeconomicdevelopmentduetotheirremotegeographicallocationandlimitedresources.Farmersoftenfaceproblemssuchaslimitedemploymentopportunitiesandlowincomelevels,leadingtoaviciouscycleofpoverty.Atthesametime,thelaggingconstructionofruralinfrastructure,inconvenienttransportation,andinformationblockagehavefurtherexacerbatedthephenomenonofeconomicexclusion.社会排斥在农村贫困中表现为教育、医疗等基本公共服务的缺失。许多农村地区教育资源匮乏，学校设施简陋，师资力量薄弱，导致农村孩子受教育机会不平等。医疗资源的不足也使得农村居民在面临疾病时往往难以得到及时有效的治疗，进一步加剧了贫困程度。Socialexclusioninruralpovertymanifestsasalackofbasicpublicservicessuchaseducationandhealthcare.Manyruralareaslackeducationalresources,withrudimentaryschoolfacilitiesandweakteachingstaff,resultinginunequaleducationalopportunitiesforruralchildren.Thelackofmedicalresourcesalsomakesitdifficultforruralresidentstoreceivetimelyandeffectivetreatmentwhenfacingdiseases,furtherexacerbatingpovertylevels.文化排斥也是农村贫困的一个重要方面。由于农村地区文化活动匮乏，信息流通不畅，农村居民往往难以接触到先进的文化理念和生活方式。这种文化上的隔离不仅限制了农村居民的个人发展，也阻碍了农村社会的整体进步。Culturalexclusionisalsoanimportantaspectofruralpoverty.Duetothelackofculturalactivitiesandpoorinformationflowinruralareas,ruralresidentsoftenfinditdifficulttoaccessadvancedculturalconceptsandlifestyles.Thisculturalisolationnotonlylimitsthepersonaldevelopmentofruralresidents,butalsohinderstheoverallprogressofruralsociety.心理排斥是农村贫困中最为隐蔽但也最为深刻的排斥形式。贫困往往伴随着自卑、焦虑等负面情绪，使得农村居民在社交、人际关系等方面产生障碍。这种心理排斥不仅影响了个人的心理健康，也对农村社会的和谐稳定构成了潜在威胁。Psychologicalexclusionisthemosthiddenyetprofoundformofexclusioninruralpoverty.Povertyoftenaccompaniesnegativeemotionssuchasinferiorityandanxiety,causingobstaclesinsocialandinterpersonalrelationshipsamongruralresidents.Thispsychologicalexclusionnotonlyaffectsindividualmentalhealth,butalsoposesapotentialthreattotheharmonyandstabilityofruralsociety.中国农村贫困的社会排斥现状是一个复杂而严峻的问题。要解决这一问题，需要从经济、社会、文化和心理等多个维度入手，综合施策，才能逐步减少社会排斥现象，实现农村的全面发展和繁荣。ThesocialexclusionofpovertyinruralChinaisacomplexandsevereproblem.Tosolvethisproblem,itisnecessarytostartfrommultipledimensionssuchaseconomy,society,culture,andpsychology,andimplementcomprehensivepoliciesinordertograduallyreducesocialexclusionandachievecomprehensivedevelopmentandprosperityinruralareas.四、社会排斥对农村贫困的影响机制Theimpactmechanismofsocialexclusiononruralpoverty社会排斥是一个多维度的概念，它不仅包括经济排斥，还涉及政治、文化、社会、心理等多个层面。在中国农村贫困的背景下，社会排斥的影响机制表现得尤为复杂和深远。Socialexclusionisamultidimensionalconceptthatnotonlyincludeseconomicexclusion,butalsoinvolvesmultiplelevelssuchaspolitics,culture,society,andpsychology.InthecontextofruralpovertyinChina,theimpactmechanismofsocialexclusionisparticularlycomplexandfar-reaching.经济排斥是农村贫困的直接原因。农村地区的经济发展滞后，就业机会有限，农民往往只能依靠传统的农业生产方式维持生计。然而，由于农业生产受到天气、市场等多重因素的影响，农民的收入极不稳定，极易陷入贫困。农村地区的金融服务体系不健全，农民难以获得贷款等金融服务，进一步加剧了经济排斥。Economicexclusionisadirectcauseofruralpoverty.Theeconomicdevelopmentinruralareaslagsbehind,withlimitedemploymentopportunities,andfarmersoftenhavetorelyontraditionalagriculturalproductionmethodstosustaintheirlivelihoods.However,duetotheinfluenceofmultiplefactorssuchasweatherandmarketonagriculturalproduction,farmers'incomeisextremelyunstableandtheyarepronetofallingintopoverty.Thefinancialservicesysteminruralareasisnotsound,andfarmershavedifficultyaccessingfinancialservicessuchasloans,furtherexacerbatingeconomicexclusion.政治排斥也是导致农村贫困的重要因素。农民在政治参与中往往处于弱势地位，他们的声音和诉求难以被重视和满足。这导致农村地区的政策制定和执行往往与农民的实际需求脱节，农民难以享受到政策带来的红利。同时，农民在政治决策中的边缘化也使他们失去了影响决策的机会，进一步加剧了贫困。Politicalexclusionisalsoanimportantfactorleadingtoruralpoverty.Farmersareofteninadisadvantagedpositioninpoliticalparticipation,andtheirvoicesanddemandsaredifficulttobevaluedandsatisfied.Thisoftenleadstoadisconnectbetweenpolicyformulationandimplementationinruralareasandtheactualneedsoffarmers,makingitdifficultforfarmerstoenjoythebenefitsofpolicies.Atthesametime,themarginalizationoffarmersinpoliticaldecision-makingalsodeprivesthemoftheopportunitytoinfluencedecision-making,furtherexacerbatingpoverty.文化排斥和社会排斥则对农村贫困产生了深远的影响。农村地区的教育资源相对匮乏，农民的文化素质普遍较低。这使得农民在面对现代社会的发展时感到无所适从，难以适应新的生产生活方式。同时，农村地区的社会保障体系不健全，农民在面对疾病、灾害等风险时往往缺乏有效的应对措施。这种文化和社会排斥不仅限制了农民的个人发展，也阻碍了农村社会的整体进步。Culturalandsocialexclusionhavehadaprofoundimpactonruralpoverty.Theeducationalresourcesinruralareasarerelativelyscarce,andtheculturalqualityoffarmersisgenerallylow.Thismakesfarmersfeelatalosswhenfacingthedevelopmentofmodernsocietyandfinditdifficulttoadapttonewwaysofproductionandlife.Atthesametime,thesocialsecuritysysteminruralareasisnotsound,andfarmersoftenlackeffectiveresponsemeasureswhenfacingriskssuchasdiseasesanddisasters.Thisculturalandsocialexclusionnotonlylimitsthepersonaldevelopmentoffarmers,butalsohinderstheoverallprogressofruralsociety.心理排斥是农村贫困中不可忽视的一环。贫困农民往往承受着巨大的心理压力，他们感到自卑、无助和失落。这种心理状态不仅影响了他们的积极性和创造力，也使他们更加难以融入社会。心理排斥的存在进一步加剧了农村贫困的恶性循环。Psychologicalexclusionisanindispensablepartofruralpoverty.Poorfarmersoftenbearenormouspsychologicalpressure,feelinginferior,helpless,andlost.Thispsychologicalstatenotonlyaffectstheirenthusiasmandcreativity,butalsomakesitmoredifficultforthemtointegrateintosociety.Theexistenceofpsychologicalexclusionfurtherexacerbatestheviciouscycleofruralpoverty.社会排斥对农村贫困的影响机制是一个复杂而多元的系统。要消除农村贫困，必须从多个层面入手，综合施策，打破社会排斥的壁垒，为农民创造更好的发展机会和生活环境。Theimpactmechanismofsocialexclusiononruralpovertyisacomplexanddiversesystem.Toeliminateruralpoverty,itisnecessarytostartfrommultiplelevels,implementcomprehensivepolicies,breakdownbarriersofsocialexclusion,andcreatebetterdevelopmentopportunitiesandlivingenvironmentforfarmers.五、应对社会排斥的策略与措施Strategiesandmeasurestoaddresssocialexclusion中国农村贫困问题的核心是社会排斥现象的存在。面对这一问题，我们需要从多个层面出发，制定并实施一系列的策略和措施，以应对和减少社会排斥。ThecoreofpovertyinruralChinaistheexistenceofsocialexclusion.Facedwiththisissue,weneedtoformulateandimplementaseriesofstrategiesandmeasuresfrommultiplelevelstoaddressandreducesocialexclusion.政府应加大农村基础设施建设的投入，改善农村的生产生活条件。这包括改善农村交通、通讯、教育、医疗等基础设施，提高农村公共服务水平，使农村居民能够享受到与城市居民相当的基本公共服务。Thegovernmentshouldincreaseinvestmentinruralinfrastructureconstructionandimprovetheproductionandlivingconditionsinruralareas.Thisincludesimprovingruralinfrastructuresuchastransportation,communication,education,andhealthcare,enhancingthelevelofpublicservicesinruralareas,andenablingruralresidentstoenjoybasicpublicservicescomparabletothoseofurbanresidents.要推动农村经济发展，提高农村居民的收入水平。政府应鼓励和支持农村发展特色农业、乡村旅游等产业，为农村居民提供更多的就业机会和收入来源。同时，还应加强对农村劳动力的培训和教育，提高他们的技能水平和就业竞争力。Topromoteruraleconomicdevelopmentandimprovetheincomelevelofruralresidents.Thegovernmentshouldencourageandsupportthedevelopmentofcharacteristicagriculture,ruraltourismandotherindustriesinruralareas,providingmoreemploymentopportunitiesandsourcesofincomeforruralresidents.Atthesametime,itisnecessarytostrengthenthetrainingandeducationofrurallaborforce,improvetheirskilllevelandemploymentcompetitiveness.再次，要关注农村社会的公平和公正，减少社会歧视和偏见。政府和社会应加强对农村文化的传承和保护，尊重农村居民的生活习惯和文化传统。同时，要加强对农村弱势群体的关爱和帮助，保障他们的基本权益。Onceagain,attentionshouldbepaidtofairnessandjusticeinruralsociety,reducingsocialdiscriminationandprejudice.Thegovernmentandsocietyshouldstrengthentheinheritanceandprotectionofruralculture,respectthelivinghabitsandculturaltraditionsofruralresidents.Atthesametime,itisnecessarytostrengthenthecareandassistanceforvulnerablegroupsinruralareas,andsafeguardtheirbasicrightsandinterests.还应推动城乡一体化发展，打破城乡二元结构。政府应制定更加公平的城乡发展政策，促进城乡资源要素的合理流动和配置。同时，要加强对农村地区的规划和建设，提高农村地区的整体发展水平。Weshouldalsopromotethedevelopmentofurban-ruralintegrationandbreakthedualstructureofurbanandruralareas.Thegovernmentshouldformulatemoreequitableurban-ruraldevelopmentpoliciestopromotetherationalflowandallocationofurbanandruralresourceelements.Atthesametime,itisnecessarytostrengthentheplanningandconstructionofruralareasandimprovetheoveralldevelopmentlevelofruralareas.要建立健全农村社会保障体系，为农村居民提供基本的生活保障。政府应加大对农村社会保障的投入，完善农村养老保险、医疗保险等社会保障制度，确保农村居民在面临风险时能够得到及时有效的保障。Toestablishasoundruralsocialsecuritysystemandprovidebasiclivingsecurityforruralresidents.Thegovernmentshouldincreaseinvestmentinruralsocialsecurity,improvesocialsecuritysystemssuchasruralpensioninsuranceandmedicalinsurance,andensurethatruralresidentscanreceivetimelyandeffectiveprotectionwhenfacingrisks.应对社会排斥、减少农村贫困需要政府、社会和个人共同努力。通过改善农村基础设施、推动农村经济发展、关注农村社会公平和公正、推动城乡一体化发展以及建立健全农村社会保障体系等措施的实施，我们有望逐步减少社会排斥现象，实现农村地区的全面发展和繁荣。Dealingwithsocialexclusionandreducingruralpovertyrequiresjointeffortsfromthegovernment,society,andindividuals.Byimprovingruralinfrastructure,promotingruraleconomicdevelopment,payingattentiontoruralsocialequityandjustice,promotingurban-ruralintegration,andestablishingasoundruralsocialsecuritysystem,weareexpectedtograduallyreducesocialexclusionandachievecomprehensivedevelopmentandprosperityinruralareas.六、案例研究Casestudy在中国农村贫困问题的研究中，社会排斥视角为我们提供了一个全新的解读框架。以贵州省某贫困村为例，这个村庄位于偏远山区，交通不便，资源匮乏，村民普遍面临贫困问题。从社会排斥的视角来看，这个村庄的贫困不仅仅是经济上的，更是多维度的社会排斥所导致的。InthestudyofruralpovertyinChina,theperspectiveofsocialexclusionprovidesuswithanewinterpretationframework.Takingapoverty-strickenvillageinGuizhouProvinceasanexample,itislocatedinaremotemountainousareawithinconvenienttransportationandscarceresources,andthevillagersgenerallyfacepovertyproblems.Fromtheperspectiveofsocialexclusion,povertyinthisvillageisnotonlyeconomic,butalsocausedbymultidimensionalsocialexclusion.地理排斥是该村庄面临的主要问题之一。由于地理位置偏远，村庄与外界的联系十分有限，这导致了信息闭塞、交通不便等问题。村民难以接触到外部的资源和机会，从而加剧了贫困程度。Geographicalexclusionisoneofthemainproblemsfacedbythevillage.Duetoitsremotegeographicallocation,thevillagehaslimitedcommunicationwiththeoutsideworld,resultinginissuessuchasinformationblockageandinconvenienttransportation.Villagershavedifficultyaccessingexternalresourcesandopportunities,whichexacerbatespovertylevels.教育排斥也是该村庄面临的重要问题。由于教育资源不足，村庄的孩子们难以接受良好的教育，这限制了他们未来的发展机会。即使有一些孩子能够通过努力走出村庄，他们也很难融入城市社会，因为他们缺乏必要的社会资本和文化资本。Educationalexclusionisalsoanimportantissuefacingthevillage.Duetoinsufficienteducationalresources,childreninvillagesfinditdifficulttoreceivegoodeducation,whichlimitstheirfuturedevelopmentopportunities.Evenifsomechildrenareabletoleavethevillagethroughhardwork,theyfinditdifficulttointegrateintourbansocietybecausetheylackthenecessarysocialandculturalcapital.制度排斥也是导致该村庄贫困的重要原因之一。由于制度不健全，村民在获取社会保障、医疗服务等方面面临着诸多困难。这使得他们在面对风险时更加脆弱，难以应对突发事件。Institutionalexclusionisalsooneoftheimportantreasonsforpovertyinthevillage.Duetotheimperfectsystem,villagersfacemanydifficultiesinaccessingsocialsecurity,medicalservices,andotheraspects.Thismakesthemmorevulnerablewhenfacingrisksanddifficulttocopewithemergencies.针对这些问题，我们需要从多个层面入手，打破社会排斥的壁垒。政府应加大对偏远地区的投入，改善交通、教育等基础设施，为村民提供更多的资源和机会。同时，还应建立健全社会保障制度，确保村民在面临风险时能够得到及时有效的帮助。Toaddresstheseissues,weneedtoapproachthemfrommultipleperspectivesandbreakdownbarriersofsocialexclusion.Thegovernmentshouldincreaseinvestmentinremoteareas,improveinfrastructuresuchastransportationandeducation,andprovidemoreresourcesandopportunitiesforvillagers.Atthesametime,asoundsocialsecuritysystemshouldalsobeestablishedtoensurethatvillagerscanreceivetimelyandeffectiveassistancewhenfacingrisks.社会组织和企业也应积极参与农村扶贫工作，通过提供技能培训、创业支持等方式，帮助村民提升自身能力，增强社会融入感。还应加强城乡之间的交流与合作，促进资源共享和优势互补，为农村贫困地区的发展注入新的活力。Socialorganizationsandenterprisesshouldalsoactivelyparticipateinruralpovertyalleviationwork,helpingvillagersimprovetheirownabilitiesandenhancetheirsenseofsocialintegrationbyprovidingskillstraining,entrepreneurialsupport,andothermeans.Weshouldalsostrengthencommunicationandcooperationbetweenurbanandruralareas,promoteresourcesharingandcomplementaryadvantages,andinjectnewvitalityintothedevelopmentofimpoverishedruralareas.从社会排斥视角出发，我们可以看到中国农村贫困问题的复杂性和多维性。要有效解决这一问题，需要政府、社会组织和企业等多方共同努力，打破社会排斥的壁垒，为农村贫困地区的发展创造更加有利的环境。Fromtheperspectiveofsocialexclusion,wecanseethecomplexityandmultidimensionalnatureofruralpovertyinChina.Toeffectivelysolvethisproblem,itrequiresthejointeffortsofthegovernment,socialorganizations,andenterprisestobreakdownthebarriersofsocialexclusionandcreateamorefavorableenvironmentforthedevelopmentofimpoverishedruralareas.七、结论Conclusion本文从社会排斥的视角深入探讨了中国农村贫困的问题。通过多维度的分析，我们发现社会排斥现象在中国农村贫困地区尤为突出，是导致贫困问题加剧的重要原因。这不仅表现为经济排斥，如就业机会有限、收入低下等，还包括政治排斥，如农民在政治参与和决策过程中的边缘化，以及社会服务和文化排斥，如教育资源不均、医疗保障不足以及文化生活的匮乏。ThisarticledelvesintotheissueofruralpovertyinChinafromtheperspectiveofsocialexclusion.Throughmultidimensionalanalysis,wefoundthatsocialexclusionisparticularlyprominentinimpoverishedruralareasofChina,andisanimportantreasonfortheexacerbationofpoverty.Thisnotonlymanifestsaseconomicexclusion,suchaslimitedemploymentopportunitiesandlowincome,butalsoincludespoliticalexclusion,suchasthemarginalizationoffarm