视野大学英语Unit知识点及翻译

KnowledgepointsandtranslationofHorizonCollegeEnglishUnit目录IntroductionWordsandPhrasesSentencestructureandtranslationskillsDetailedexplanationandtranslationofthetextcontent目录GrammarknowledgeguidanceandpracticeCulturalbackgroundknowledgeexpansionUnitself-testandevaluation01IntroductionPurposeandbackgroundThepurposeofHorizonCollegeEnglishistoprovidestudentswithacomprehensiveEnglishlanguagelearningexperiencethatfocusesondevelopingtheirlanguageskillsforeffectivecommunicationinacademicandprofessionalsettingsThetextbookisdesignedtomeettheneedsofcollegestudentswhoarerequiredtotakeEnglishcoursesaspartoftheirgeneraleducationrequirementsorwhoareinterestedinimprovingtheirEnglishproficiencyforpersonalorprofessionalreasonsThebackgroundofHorizonCollegeEnglishreflectstheincreasingglobalizationofhighereducationandtheimportanceofEnglishasalinguafrancaininternationalcommunicationItalsorespondstothedemandformorerigorousandengagingEnglishlanguagetextbooksthatcanhelpstudentslearntheirlanguagelearninggoalsTextbookIntroductionHorizonCollegeEnglishisorganizedintounitsthatcoverarangeoftopicsandthemesdesignedtoengagestudentsandprovidethemwithopportunitiestopracticetheirlanguageskillsEachunitincludesreadingselections,grammarandvocabularyexercises,listeningactivities,speakingtasks,andwritingassignmentsthatareintegratedtoenhancelearningandpromotelanguagedevelopmentThetextbookfeaturesauthenticmaterialsfromavarietyofsources,includingacademictexts,newspapers,magazines,andmultimediaresources,whichexposestudentstodifferenttypesoflanguageuseandhelpthemdevelopstrategiesforunderstandingandproducinglanguageindifferentcontextsHorizonCollegeEnglishalsoincludesawealthofsupplementarymaterialssuchasonlineresources,audiorecordings,andvideoclipsthatprovideadditionalpracticeandsupportforstudentsastheyworkthroughtheunits02WordsandPhrases123Wordsspecifictothefieldofstudy,suchas"thesis,""seminar,"and"school."AcademicVocabularyInformationphrasesusedineveryconversation,e.g.,"What'sup?"or"Nowords."CollaborativeExpressionsSpecializedlanguageusedinaspecificindustryorprofession,like"algorithm,""dataanalysis,"or"patient."TechnicalTerminologyKeyvocabularyGreetingandIntroductionExpressionsforstartingaconversation,suchas"Nicetomeetyou"or"It'sapleasuretobehere."AskingforClarificationPhrasestoseekfurtherexplanation,e.g.,"Couldyouelaborateonthat?"or"I'mnotsureIunderstand.Couldyouexplainitanotherway?"ExpressingOpinionsWaystostatepersonalviews,like"Ibelievethat..."or"Frommyperspective,..."UsefulExpressionsSynonymsandAntonymsLearningwordswithsimilaroralternativemeanstoenhancevocabulary,e.g.,"magic"(synonymof"grand")or"pet"(antonymof"significant")WordRootsandPrefixes/SuffixesUnderstandingwordpartslike"bio-"(life)or"-ology"(studyof)todecipherunknownwordsContextCluesUsingsurroundingtextorsituationtoinferthemeaningofunfriendlywords010203Vocabularyexpansion03SentencestructureandtranslationskillsAsimplepresencecontainsonlyoneindependentclauseItexpressesacompletethoughtandcanstandaloneasacompletepresenceForexample,"Shesingsbeautifully."SimplesensesAcompoundpresencecontainstwoormoreindependentclausesjoinedbyacoordinatingconnection(e.g.,and,but,or)orasemiconductorEachclausecanstandaloneasacompletepresenceForexample,"Shesingsbeautifully,andheplaystheguitarwell."CompoundsensesSimpleandcompoundsensesAnalysisoflonganddifferentialsensesLongsensesofcontainingmultipleclassesandphases,makingthemmorecomplexthansimpleorcomplexsensesTotranslatelongsentenceseffectively,it'simportanttoidentifythemainclauseandunderstandtherelationshipsbetweenthedifferentpartsofthesentenceLongsensesDiffluentsensesmaycontaincommonvocabulary,complexgrammarstructures,orculturalreferencesthatareunfriendlytothetranslatorTotranslatethesesensesaccurately,it'snecessarytohaveagoodunderstandingofthesourcelanguageandculture,aswellasthetargetlanguageandcultureDiffluentsensesTranslationmethodsandtechniquesLiteraltranslation:Literaltranslationinvolvestranslatingthesourcetextwordforword,withoutconsideringtheculturalcontextoridiomaticexpressionsofthetargetlanguageThismethodisoftenusedwhenthesourcetextisveryspecificortechnical,andthetranslatorwantstopreservetheoriginalmeaningascloseaspossibleFreetranslation:Freetranslationinvolvestranslatingthesourcetextinawaythatisnaturalandidiomaticinthetargetlanguage,comparedtowordforwordThismethodisoftenusedwhentheculturalcontextoridiomaticexpressionsofthesourcetextarenotdirectlytranslatableintothetargetlanguageAdaptation:AdaptationinvolvesmakingsignificantchangestothesourcetextinordertomakeitmoreaccessibleorrelevanttothetargetaudienceThismethodisoftenusedwhentranslatingliteraryworksormarketingmaterials,wherethetranslatormayneedtoadaptthestyle,tone,orcontentofthesourcetexttoapplyto