大学英语英语四级练习卷及答案 (三)

大学英语四级考试

练习卷

一、阅读理解

Passage1

TheSchoolYears

SoonaftertheUnitedStateswasfounded,ThomasJefferson,whowas

Presidentfrom1801to1809wrote,“Ifanationexpectstobeignorant

andfreeinastateofcivilization,itexpectswhatneverwasandnever

willbe."Jeffersonbelievedthatthenewrepublicwouldbeservedbest

byliterate,wel1-informedcitizensandthateveryoneshouldhavea

guaranteeofsomeeducationwithfurthereducationforthosewhowanted

itandwerequalified.TheAmericansystemofpubliceducationhasbeen

builtonthisphilosophy.Publiceducationinthiscountryisexpected

toofferequaleducationalopportunitiestoeveryoneenrolledinsecular

schools,whicharepubliclycontrolledandpubliclyfinanced,withfree

tuition,freebooks,andcompulsoryattendance.

ThereisnomentionofeducationintheConstitution,andeachstateis

responsibleforitsowneducationalsystem.Publicschoolsarefinanced

primarilybylocalandstatetaxes,andtheamountofmoneyspentonpublic

schoolstudentsvariesfromstatetostate.Alabama,forexample,spent

anaverageof$716foreachpupilin1974,thelowestrateofanystate.

NewYork,bycontrast,hadthehighestrate,$1809perpupil.Themajority

ofstatesspentmorethan$800perpupil.

Therearegreatdifferencesinexpenditures（花费）bycommunitieswithin

eachstate,dependingontheamountoflocalfundsavailableforpublic

education.Often,well-to-docommunitiesspendseveralhundreddollars

moreforeachchildthanpoorertownsnearbydo.Thesefiguresreflect

differencesinexpenditures.forsuchitemsasteachers;salaries,the

purchaseofbooks,andschoolconstructionandmaintenance.

Despitethesedifferences,thereisgeneraluniformityintheorganization

andcurriculaofpublicschoolsthroughoutthecountry.Eachstateis

dividedintolocalschooldistricts.Usuallyastatedepartmentof

educationsetsthegeneralrequirementsthatlocalcommunitiesorschool

districtsmustmeet.Localschoolboards,usuallyelectedbymembersof

theircommunities,areresponsibleforthedetailedorganizationand

operationoftheirschools.This-responsibilityincludeshiringteachers

andadministrationandsettingtheirsalaries.

Thetwelveyearsofpublicschooleducationusuallybeginwhenachild

issixyearsold.Someschoolsystemsaredividedintoeightyearsof

primaryschoolandfouryearsofsecondaryschool.Primaryschoolsare

oftencalledelementaryschools,andsecondaryschoolsarecalledhigh

schools.Manysystemscombinethelasttwoyearsofelementaryschooland

thefirstyearofhighschoolinwhatisknownasjuniorhighschool.This

isfollowedbythreeyearsofseniorhighschool.Alargenumberofschool

systemsalsohaveakindergartenprogramthatprovidesoneyearof

preschooltrainingforfive-year-oldchildrenbeforetheybegintheformal

schoolyears.Theacademicyearlastsninemonths,fromSeptembertoJune,

withwinterandspringvacations.Classesareheldfivedaysaweek,from

MondaythroughFriday.

Elementaryschoolsareusuallyorganizedonaneighbourhoodbasis.

Childrenlivinginthesameareaattendaschoolthatisclosetotheir

homes.Highschools,ontheotherhand,servechildrenfrommanydifferent

elementaryschools,andasinglehighschooloftenhasseveralthousand

studentsfromvariouspartsofthecommunity.Manytownshavejustone

highschool.Inruralareasoneelementaryschoolfrequentlyservesthe

childrenfromseveralcommunities.Whenschoolsarelocatedbeyond

convenientwalkingdistance,childrenaretransportedfreeofchargein

brightyellowschoolbuses.Todaymorethan40percentofallAmerican

schoolchildrenarebusedtoandfromschooldaily.

IttookmanyyearsforJefferson'sdreamofeducationforeveryoneto

approachreality.In1870onlyslightlymorethanhalfofallchildren

ofschoolageattendedschool.Itwasnotuntil1918thateverystatehad

acompulsoryschool-attendancelaw.Todaymoststatesrequirethe

attendanceofallchildrenbetweentheagesofsixandsixteen.

Approximately99percentofallAmericanchildrenofelementaryschool

age(sixthroughthirteen)and94percentofhighschoolage(fourteen

throughseventeen)gotoschool.

Thequalityofeducationhaschangedastherecordofschoolattendance.

Forexample,inatypicalmid-nineteenthcenturyelementaryschoolclass

childrensatinoneplaceinonepositionforhoursonend,withperiodic

armswingingforexerciseandperhapsoccasionalpermissiontogotothe

bathroom.Themethodofinstructionwascatechism(questionsbythe

teacherwithmemorizedresponsesbythestudents)...Theteacherfedthe

stuffoutoneday,andwanteditbackthenext,inherownwords.

Emphasiswasongoodbehaviorandlearningwhatwerecalled"thethree

Rs”—reading,,ritingand'rithmetic.Mostoftheteachershadnomore

thanelementaryschooleducationthemselves.

Inthemodernelementaryschool,inadditiontothestudyofreading,

writing,arithmetic,andlanguagearts(includingspelling),childrenare

taughtsocialstudies(history,geography,andcivicsorgovernment)

science,art,andmusic.Theyare.oftenalsotaughtcookingandmanual

skillssuchascarpentryandsewing.Outdoorplaygroundsandindoor

gymnasiumsofferopportunitiesforlotsofphysicalexercise.

Modernteachingtheoriesandmethodsvarygreatly,buttheyfrequently

reflecttheinfluenceofJohnDewey,animportanttwentieth-century

educatorandphilosopher.Deweybelievedthateducationshouldbemore

concernedwiththeinterestsandneedsofeachchiIdthanwiththe

particularsubjectsthatthechildistaught.Todaymanyteacherstryto

giveconsiderableattentiontothepersonaldevelopmentofeachindividual

student,especiallyattheelementaryschoollevel.

Entrancetohighschoolisautomaticwhenastudentcompleteselementary

school.Noexaminationsarerequired.Highschoolsusuallyoffercourses

inEnglishliteratureandcomposition,thesocialsciences,mathematics,

laboratorysciences,andforeignlanguagesaswellasart,music,and

physicaleducation.Aftercompletingcertainbasicrequirements,students

areoftenpermittedtochoosethesubjectsthatbestsuittheirplansfor

collegeorforworkaftergraduation.

Extracurricularactivitiesincludingclubs,schoolnewspapersand

magazines,andsportsareimportantfeaturesofhigh-schoollife.In

addition,studentrepresentatives,electedbytheirfellowstudents,

oftenworkwithschoolofficialsinplanningschoolpolicies.This

arrangementisanefforttoencouragestudents'interestin

self-governmentandintheirresponsibilitiesascitizens.

Mosthighschoolsareorganizedonwhatiscalledacomprehensivebasis,

whichmeansthatprogramsinacademic(collegepreparatory),vocational,

andgeneraleducationareofferedinthesameschool.Insomelargecities

specializedhighschoolsconcentrateonjustonetypeofprogram.In

addition,manycommunitiesprovideprogramsforhandicappedchildren

(childrenwhoaredeaf,blind,crippled,emotionallydisturbed,or

mentallyretarded)andchildrenwhoarespeciallygifted,intellectually

orartistically.

1.InAmericansystemofpubliceducation,everyoneis

expectedtohaveequaleducationalopportunities,whichisdefined

intheU.S.Constitution.

2.Theamountofmoneyspentonpublicschoolstudentsdependsmainly

onlocalandstatetaxes.

3.Theorganizationandcurriculaofpublicschoolshavemuchincommon

throughoutthecountry.

4.Allstudentscantakeyellowschoolbusestoschoolinsomestates.

5.Bothschoolattendanceandthequalityofeducationhavebeengreatly

improvedtoday.

6.Allchildrenbetweentheagesoffiveandeighteenarerequiredtoattend

schoolinmoststates.

7.Therearemuchhigherrequirementsforpublicschoolteacherstodaythan

inthepast.

8.Studentscangetwellpreparedforcollegestudyin

9.Modernteachingtheoriesandmethodsaregenerallyinfluenced

by___________________

10.Childrenmayhaveoneyearofbeforetheystartelementaryschool

years.

Passage2

Whenapersonfeelslow,blue,ordownintheclumps,itusuallymeans

hehasbeenhurt,disappointed,orsaddenedbysomethingthatcausesa

confusedandlistlessfeeling.Thereis11atypeofmusiccalled"the

blue”,alow,mournful,sadsoundto12theseuniversalhuman

feelings.

Depressionisanothernameforthismood.Feelingdepressedisanormal

andnatural13toexperiencesofloss,failure,andundeservedbadluck.

Indeed,ithasbeenpointedoutthatwithoutdepression,wewould14much

oftheworld'sgreattragicliterature,music,andart.

Insomecases,however,depressionbecomessomethingmorethanjust

15feelingsofbluesorletdown.Alargenumberofpeoplesufferfromwhat

psychiatristscall"depressiveillness."Depressiveillnessismore16

andlastslongerthancommonlistlessfeelings.Sometimesaserious17

ofdepressioncanbeginwiththelossofalovedoneorachangeofjob.

Manytimes,invery

18cases,theredoesn'tseemtobeanycircumstanceseriousenoughto

havecausedthedepression.

Somepsychiatristssuggestthatthekeyfeatureindepressionischange.

Thepersonbecomesdifferentfromthewaybeforetheonsetofhis

depression.Hemayevenbecometheoppositeofhisusualself.Thereare

manyexamples:thebusinessmanwhobecomesawanderer,themotherwhowants

to19herchildrenandherself.Insteadofseekingsatisfactionand

pleasure,thedepressedperson20it.

A.everBescapeCintensDresponse

..e・

E.avoidsFevenG.expresHrealizati

・S.on

I.severeJlessenK.denseLperiod

M.harmNlack0.normal

Passage3

Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisa

mixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeopleare

similarinmanyways.Thesimplereasonforthisisthattherearemore

differentwaysoflookingatthingspresentinthefirstkindofsociety.

Therearemoreideas,moredisagreementsininterest,andmoregroupsand

organizationswithdifferentbeliefs.Inaddition,thereisusuallya

greaterworldlyinterestandgreatertoleranceinmixedsocieties.All

thesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflife

todecision.Inasocietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanyways,

therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunity

forchangebecauseeverythingseemstobethesame.Andalthoughconditions

maynotbesatisfactory,theyareatleastcustomaryandundisputed.

Withinasociety,socialchangesisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequently

andmorereadilyinthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthe

non-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inwhat

hasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;inthe

lessbasicandlessemotionalaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites;

inthesimpleelementsratherthaninthecomplexones;informrather

thaninsubstance;andinelementsthatareacceptabletotheculture

ratherthaninstrangeelements.

Furthermore,socialchangeiseasierifitisgradual.Forexample,

itcomesmorereadilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthan

onewithsharpdifference.Thisisonereasonwhychangehasnotcomemore

quicklytoBlackAmericansascomparedtootherAmericanminorities,

becauseofthesharpdifferenceinappearancebetweenthemandtheirwhite

counterparts.

91

Thepassageismainlydiscussing.

A.thenecessityofsocialchange

B.certainfactorsthatdeterminetheeasewithwhichsocialchanges

occur

C.twodifferentsocieties

D.certainfactorsthatpromotesocialchange

99

Oneofthefactorsthattendtopromotesocialchangeis.

A.jointinterestB.differentpointsofview

C.lessemotionalpeopleD.advancedtechnology

QQAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Social

changetendstomeetwithmoredifficultyinbasicandemotionalaspects

ofsociety.

B.Disagreementwithandargumentaboutconditionstendtoslowdown

socialchange.

C.Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinthematerialaspectof

society.

D.Socialchangeislesslikelytooccurinwhatpeoplelearnedwhen

theywereyoung.

24.Theexpression“greatertolerance”(Para.1)refersto.

A.greaterwillingnesstoacceptsocialchange

B.quickeradaptationtochangingcircumstances

C.morerespectfordifferentbeliefsandbehavior

D.greaterreadinesstoagreetodifferentopinionsandideas

25.Socialchangeislesslikelytooccurinasocietywherepeopleare

quitesimilarinmanywaysbecause.

v

A.peopletherehavegotsoaccustomedtotheirconditionsthatthey

seldomthinkitnecessarytochange

B.peopletherehaveidenticalneedsthatcanbesatisfiedwithoutmuch

difficulty

C.peoplethereareeasytoplease

D.peopletherearelessdisputed

Passage4

AnneWhitney,asophomore（大学二年级学生）atColoradoStateUniversity,

firsthadaproblemtakingtestswhenshebegancollege."Iwasalways

wellpreparedformytests.SometimesIstudiedforweeksbeforeatest.

YetIwouldgointotakethetest,onlytofindIcouldnotanswerthe

questionscorrectly.Iwouldblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.

Icouldn'tthinkoftheanswer.Mylowgradesonthetestsdidnotshow

whatIknewtotheteacher."Anotherstudentinbiologyhadsimilar

experiences.Hesaid,“Myfirstchemistrytestwasverydifficult.Then,

onthesecondtest,Isatdowntotakeit,andIwassonervousthatI

wasshaking.Myhandsweremovingupanddownsoquicklythatitwashard

toholdmypencil.IknewthematerialandIknewtheanswers.YetI

couldn'tevenwritethemdown!”

Thesetwoyoungstudentswereexperiencingsomethingcalledtestanxiety.

Becauseastudentworriesandisuneasyaboutatest,hisorherminddoes

notworkaswellasitusuallydoes.Thestudentcannotwriteorthink

clearlybecauseoftheextremetensionandnervousness.Althoughpoor

gradesareoftenaresultofpoorstudyhabits,sometimestestanxiety

causesthelowgrades.Recently,testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedasa

realproblem,notjustanexcuseorafalseexplanationoflazystudents.

Specialuniversityadvisingcoursestrytohelpstudents.Inthesecourses,

advisorstrytohelpstudentsbyteachingthemhowtomanagetestanxiety.

Atsomeuniversities,studentstaketeststomeasuretheiranxiety.If

thetestsshow(heiranxietyishigh,thestudentscantakeshortcourses

tohelpthemdealwith(heirtensions.Thesecoursesteachstudentshow

torelaxtheirbodies.Studentsaretrainedtobecomecalminverytense

situations.Bycontrollingtheirnervousness,theycanlettheirminds

workatease.Learnedinformationthencomesoutwithoutdifficultyon

atest.

Anexpert•attheUniversityofCaliforniaexplains,“Withalmostall

students,relaxationandlessstressarefeltaftertakingourprogram.

Mostofthemexperiencebettercontrolduringtheirtests.Almostal1have

someimprovement.Withsome,theimprovementisverygreat.”

26.To"blankout"isprobably.

A.tobe1ikeablanketB.tobesureofan

answer

C.tobeunabletothinkclearlyD.toshowknowledge

totheteacher

27.Poorgradesareusuallytheresultof.

A.poorsleepinghabitB.laziness

C.lackofsleepD.inabilityto

formgoodstudyhabits

28.Testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedas.

A.anexcuseforlazinessB.theresultof

poorstudyhabits

C.arealproblemD.something

thatcannotbechanged

29.Todealwiththisproblem,studentssaytheywantto.

A.takeashortcourseonanxiety

B.readaboutanxiety

C.beabletomanageorunderstandtheiranxiety

D.taketeststoprovetheyarenotanxious

30.AUniversityofCaliforniaadvisorsaid.

A.allstudentscouldovercometheanxietyaftertakingaspecialtest

anxietyprogram

B.almostallstudentsfeltlessstressaftertakingaUniversityof

Californiaadvisingcourse

C.studentsfounditdifficulttoimproveeventhoughtheyhadtaken

aspecialtestanxietycourse

D.studentsfounditeasytorelaxassoonastheyenteredaUniversity

ofCaliforniaadvisingcourse

二、完型填空

完型填空(一)

Mostpeoplehavenoideaofthehardworkandworrythatgoesintothe

collectingofthosefascinatingbirdsandanimalsthattheypaytosee

inthezoo.Oneofthequestionsthatisalwaysaskedofmeis(1)Ibecame

ananimalcollectorinthefirst(2).TheansweristhatIhavealways

beeninterestedinanimalsandzoos.Accordingtomyparents,thefirst

wordIwasabletosaywithany(3)wasnottheconventional“mamma”

or“daddy”,⑷theword"zoo",whichIwould(5)overandoveragain

withashrill(6)untilsomeone,ingroupsto(7)meup,wouldtakeme

tothezoo.WhenI(8)alittleolder,welivedinGreeceandIhadagreat

(9)ofpets,rangingfromowlstoseahorses,andIspentallmysparetime

(10)thecountrysideinsearchoffreshspecimensto(11)tomycollection

ofpets.(12)onIwentforayeartotheCityZoo,asastudent(13),

togetexperienceofthelargeanimals,suchaslions,bears,bisonand

ostriches,(14)werenoteasytokeepathome.WhenIleft,I(15)had

enoughmoneyofmyowntobeableto(16)myfirsttripandIhavebeen

going(17)eversincethen.Thoughacollector'sjobisnotaneasyone

andisfullof(18),itiscertainlyajobwhichwillappeal(19)all

thosewholoveanimalsand(20).

1.A.howB.whereC.whenD.whether

2.A.regionB.fieldC.placeD.case

3.A.clarityB.emotionC.sentimentD.affection

4.A.exceptB.butC.exceptforD.butfor

5.A.reciteB.recognizeC.readD.repeat

6.A.volumeB.noiseC.voiceD.pitch

7.A.closeB.shutC.stopD.comfort

8.A.grewB.wasgrowingC.growD.grown

9.A.manyB.amountC.numberD.supply

10.A.livingB.cultivatingC.reclaimingD.exploring

11.A.increaseB.includeC.addD.enrich

12.A.laterB.furtherC.thenD.subsequently

13.A.attendantB.keeperC.memberD.aide

14.A.whoB.theyC.ofwhichD.which

15.A.luckilyB.gladlyC.nearlyD.successfully

16.A.payB.provideC.allowD.finance

17.A.normallyB.regularlyC.usuallyD.often

18.A.expectationsB.sorrowsC.excitementD.disappointments

19.A.forB.withC.toD.from

20.A.excursionB.travelC.journeyD.Trip

完型填空（二）

ToothersandthemselvestheBritishhaveareputationforbeing

conservative----notinthenarrowpoliticalsense,butinthesenseof

adherencetoacceptedideasandunwillingtoquestionthem.Thereputation

comespartlyfromtheir1.For9002theyhavesuffered3invasionnor

revolution(exceptinl64941688)nordisastrousdefeatin5.Their

monarchy(君主政体)survives6seriousquestion.Underitsnormal7

politicalarrangementshavebeen8stablethat,exceptforthe9

interruptionsintheseventeenth10,theyhavebeenadoptedthroughout

11centuriestomeetchangingneedswithoutviolentl2.Britain,in1978,

was13inmanagingwithout14writtenconstitution;somefragmentary

definitionsof1688still15.Therehadbeen16quarrels,socialand

economicaswell17political,butthequarrelshadbeen18,usually19

compromise.Theunderlying20hadnotbeenbroken.

1.A.languageB.futureC.historyD.literature

2.A.centuriesB.yearsC.minutesD.seconds

3.A.neitherB.asC.orD.either

4.A.tooB.butC.orD.and

5.A.homeB.studyC.peaceD.war

6.A.andB.withoutC.withD.neither

7.A.nameB.peopleC.leadershipD.enemy

8.A.soB.veryC.tooD.such

9.A.twoB.oneC.noD.couple

10.A.monthB.dayC.yearD.century

11.A.aB.anyC.theD.few

12.A.changesB.changeC.alteredD.changed

13.A.commonB.popularC.uniqueD.angry

14.A.twoB.aC.someD.their

15.A.surviveB.survivingC.survivesD.survived

16.A.bitterB.happyC.pleasantD.unhappy

17.A.forB.asC.toD.at

18.A.settlingB.settlesC.settleD.settled

19.A.forB.atC.toD.by

20.A.continueB.continuityC.continuousD.continued

完型填空（三）

Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.

Ideally,therefore,thechoiceofan_1—shouldbemadeevenbefore

choiceofacurriculuminhighschool.Actually,…2_-_,mostpeoplemake

severaljobchoicesduringtheirworkinglives,—3—becauseofeconomic

andIndustrialchangesandpartlytoimprove_4—position.The"one

perfectjob"doesnotexist.Youngpeopleshould_5_entersintosabroad

flexibletrainingprogramthatwill_6__themforafieldofworkrather

thanforasingle_7_.Unfortunatelymanyyoungpeoplehavetomake

careerplans_8—benefitofhelpformacompetentvocationalcounselor

orpsychologist.Knowing_9—abouttheoccupationalworld,or

themselvesforthatmatter,theychoosetheirlifeworkonahit-or-miss

—10—.SomedriftfromjobtojoB.Others_11—toworkinwhichthey

areunhappyandforwhichtheyarenotfitteD.Onecommonmistakeis

choosinganoccupationfor_12—realorimaginedprestige.Toomany

high-schoolstudents-ortheirparentsforthem-choosethe

professionalfield,__13_boththerelativelysmallproportionof

workersintheprofessionsandtheextremelyhigheducationaland

personal_14—.Theimaginedorrealprestigeofaprofessionora

White-collar"jobis_15—goodreasonforchoosingitaslife(swork.

—16—,theseoccupationsarenotalwayswel1paiD.Sincealarge

proportionofjobsareinmechanicalandmanualwork,the_17_ofyoung

peopleshouldgiveserious_18—tothesefields.Beforemakingan

occupationalchoice,apersonshouldhaveageneralideaofwhathewants

—19—lifeandhowhardheiswillingtoworktogetit.Somepeople

desiresocialprestige,othersintellectualsatisfaction.Somewant

security;othersarewillingtotake_20—forfinancialgain.Each

occupationalchoicehasitsdemandsaswellasitsrewards.

1.A.identificationB.entertainmentC.accommodationD.occupation

2.A.howeverB.thereforeC.thoughD.thereby

3.A.entirelyB.mainlyC.partlyD.his

4.A.itsB.hisC.ourD.their

5.A.sinceB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.forever

6.A.makeB.fitC.takeD.leave

7.A.jobB.wayC.meansD.company

8.A.toB.forC.withoutD.with

9.A.littleB.fewC.muchD.alot

10.A.chanceB.basisC.purposeD.opportunity

11.A.applyB.appealC.stickD.turn

12.A.ourB.itsC.yourD.their

13.A.concerningB.followingC.consideringD.disregarding

14.A.preferencesB.requirementsC.tendenciesD.ambitions

15.A.aB.anyC.noD.the

16.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.NeverthelessD.Moreover

17.A.majorityB.massC.minorityD.multitude

18.A.proposalB.suggestionC.considerationD.appraisal

19.A.towardsB.againstC.outofD.without

20.A.turnsB.partsC.choicesD.risks

三、翻译

1、所有的窗户都开着，他就睡着了。(with)

2、学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱，患难朋友才是真朋友。(realize)

3、无论什么时候你有难处，都可以找我帮忙。(whenever)

4、人们希望在不久的将来，奥运会将会在一个发展中国家举行。(wish)

5、他把钱折好放进口袋。(fold)

参考答案:

一、阅读