初一新生英语学法指导教学讲义

TeachingNotesonEnglishLearningMethodsforFreshmanStudentsinJuniorHighSchool目录IntroductionPhoneticsandPronunciationVocabularyaccumulationElementsofgrammarReadingcomprehension目录WritingtrainingListeningtrainingLearningResourcesandTools01IntroductionToenablestudentstodevelopbasicEnglishcommunicationskills,understandingandappropriateEnglishculture,andapplyEnglishinvariouscontextsObjectivesEnglishisagloballanguageessentialforpersonalandprofessionaldevelopmentItopensupopportunitiesforinternationalcommunication,education,andemploymentImportanceCourseobjectivesandimportanceTeachingmethodsUseavarietyofinteractiveandengagingteachingtechniquessuchasroleplays,groupdiscussions,andprojectbasedlearningLearningstrategiesEncouragestudentstoactivelyparticipateinclassactivities,usingmnemonicsandothermemoryaidstoremembervocabularyandgrammar,andpracticespeakingandlisteningregularlyTeachingmethodsandlearningstrategies02PhoneticsandPronunciationLearningMethods:Teacherscanusecharts,visualaids,andinteractiveactivitiestomakethePhoneticAlphabetmoreaccessibleandengagingforstudentsEncouragestudentstopracticereadingaloneandtoidentifythesoundsassociatedwitheachletterPhoneticAlphabet:TheEnglishlanguageisbasedonthePhoneticAlphabet,whichassignsspecificsoundstoeachletterLearningthePhoneticAlphabetisessentialforaccurateenrollmentImportanceofPhoneticAlphabetLearning:UnderstandingthePhoneticAlphabethelpstudentstocorrectlypromoteEnglishwordsandidentifythesoundsthateachletterpresentsThisknowledgeisfundamentalforeffectivecommunicationinEnglishPhoneticAlphabetLearningImportanceofPromotionSkillsAccuratepromotionisessentialforeffectivecommunicationinEnglishItenablesstudentstobeunderstudiedbynativespeakersandtounderstandnativespeakersPronunciationDifferentialsFreshmanstudentsinjuniorhighschoolmayencountererchallengeswithpronunciation,specificallywithregardtovowelsounds,consonantclusters,andintegrationImprovingPromotionSkillsTeacherscanprovidepromotiondrillsandresourcestudentstolistentonativespeakersEncouragestudentstopracticespeakingEnglishregularlyandtoseekfeedbackfromteachersornativespeakersPronunciationskillsImportanceofPhoneticPractice01RegularpracticeofPhoneticAlphabetandpromotionskillsisessentialforconsolidatinglearningandimprovingfluencyinEnglishTypesofPhoneticPractice02Studentscanengageinactivitiessuchasreadingalone,receivingrhymesandtonguetwisters,andplayingphonegamestoimprovetheirpromotionIntegrationwithOtherSkills03PhoneticpracticeshouldbeintegratedwithotherEnglishlanguageskills,suchasvocabulary,grammar,andwritingtoenhanceoveralllanguageproficiencyPhoneticPractice03VocabularyaccumulationVocabularyclassificationandlearningmethodsByreadingEnglisharticlesandbooks,understandingthemeaningofvocabularyincontexthelpstomemorizeandapplyvocabulary.ContextualapproachClassifyingvocabularybytopic,suchasanimals,plants,food,etc.,helpsstudentssystematicallymemorizevocabulary.ClassifyingvocabularybytopicBylearningcommonrootsandaffixes,studentscanunderstandthecompositionandmeaningofwords,therebyexpandingtheirvocabulary.RootandaffixmethodCreateflashcards:Writenewwordsononesideofthecardandtheirmeaningsontheother,andmemorizevocabularybyrepeatedlyflippingthroughthecard.Createavocabularylist:Recordnewwordsinaspecializedvocabularylist,regularlyreviewandconsolidatememory.Usingmemorytechniquessuchasassociativememory,storymemory,etc.,toassociatenewwordswithknownvocabularyorimagestoimprovememoryeffectiveness.VocabularymemoryskillsWritingexercisesThroughwritingexercises,studentscanapplythevocabularytheyhavelearnedtodeepentheirunderstandingandmemoryofthewords.ListeningpracticeBylisteningtoEnglishaudiomaterialssuchasnews,movies,speeches,etc.,helpstudentsbecomefamiliarwiththeapplicationofvocabularyinreal-lifecontexts.ReadingExpansionEncouragestudentstoreadEnglishoriginalworks,magazines,newspapers,etc.,continuouslyexpandtheirvocabulary,andimprovetheiroverallEnglishproficiency.Vocabularyapplicationandexpansion04ElementsofgrammarSummarySimplepresencestructurereferstoapresencethatcontainsasubjectandapredicate,andexpressionsacompletethoughtDescriptionAsimplepresencetypicallyconsidersofasubject(nounorpronoun)andapredicate(verborverbphrase),whichtogetherexpressacompletethoughtSimplesensesarethebuildingblocksofmorecomplexpresencestructuresExample"Thecatsatonthemat."Thispresencecontainsasubject("thecat")andapredicate("satonthemat"),andexpressionsacompletethoughtSimplepresencestructureSummaryTenseandvoicerefertothetemporaryandgraphicalaspectsofverbs,objectivelyTenseindicationsthetimeatwhichanactionoccurs,whilevoiceindicationswhichactionisperformedbythesubjectoranobjectDescriptionTenseisthetemporaryaspectofaverb,indicatingwhichactionoccurredinthepast,present,orfutureVoice,ontheotherhand,indicateswhichsubjectperformstheaction(activevoice)ortheobjectreceivestheaction(passivevoice)Example"Irun"(presentsimpleactivevoice)vs."Iamrun"(presentsimplepassivevoice)Theformindicatorsthatthesubject"I"performstheaction"run,"whilethelaterindicatorsthatthesubject"I"isacteduponbytheaction"run."SenseandvoiceSentencecomponentsandclausesSummary:Sentencecomponentsrefertothedifferentelementsthatmakeupapresence,suchassubject,predicate,advisory,andadvisoryClaimsaregroupsofwordsthatcontainasubjectandaverbandcanfunctionasindependentpresenceoraspartofalargerpresenceDescription:SentencecomponentsaretheindividualelementsthatcontributetothestructureandmeaningofasenseTheyincludethesubject,predict,advisory(describingnow),advisory(describingverb,advisory,orclause),andproposal(indicatingspatialortemporaryrelationship)ClaimsaregraphicalunitsthatcontainasubjectandaverbandcanexpressacompletethoughtExample:"Thequickbrownfoxjumpsoverthelazydog."Thispresencecontainsseveralpresencecomponents:subject("thequickbrownfox"),predict("jumpsoverthelazydog"),objective("quick,""brown"),advocate("over"),andposition("the")Italsocontainstwoclauses:"thequickbrownfoxjumps"and"overthelazydog."05ReadingcomprehensionPredictingSummarizingInferringVisualizingReadingSkillsandStrategiesPredictingwhattheauthorwillwritebasedonthetitle,headings,andthefirstparagraphInferringthemeaningofunknownwordsbasedoncontextincludesSummarizingthemainideaofeachparagraphandtheentirepassageVisualizingtheinformationinthemessageinordertobetterunderstanditVSChoosematerialsthataresuitableforthestudent'sEnglishlevelandinterests,suchaseasytoreadnovels,shortstories,andnewsarticlesMethodsTeachstudentstousedifferentreadingmethodsfordifferenttypesofmaterialsForexample,skimmingforgettingthegist,scanningforfindingspecificinformation,anddetailedreadingforunderstandingthefullcontentMaterialsSelectionofReadingMaterialsandReadingMethodsProvidestudentswithavarietyofreadingcomprehensionexercises,suchasmultiplechoicequestions,fillintheblankquestions,andshortanswerquestionsExercisesEnhancestudentstoreadmoreEnglishmaterialsandpracticetheirreadingcomprehensionskillsregularlyHelpthemestablishgoodreadinghabitsandimprovetheirEnglishreadingabilitygraduallyImprovementReadingcomprehensionexercisesandimprovement06WritingtrainingSummaryThissectionhighlightsthebasicelementsofwriting,includingtheimportanceofaclearstructure,introduction,mainbody,andconclusionDescriptionItisessentialforstudentstounderstandtheformatofanessayTheyshouldbeabletoidentifythedifferentpartsofanessayandunderstandtheirrolesindevelopingacoherentargumentBasicelementsandformatofwritingThissectionoutlinesthekeywritingskillsthatstudentsshouldacquire,includingparagraphdevelopment,presencestructure,andvocabularyusageStudentsneedtopracticewritingdifferenttypesofintentions,fromsimpletocomplexTheyshouldalsolearnhowtovarytheirsensestructureanduseappropriatevocabularytoenhancetheirwritingSummaryDescriptionWritingSkillsandPracticeWritingassessmentandrevisionThissectiondiscusseshowtoassessstudents'writingandprovidingfeedbackforimprovementSummaryItisessentialtoprovidestudentswithconstructivefeedbackontheirwritingThisshouldincludecommentsongrammar,punctuation,vocabulary,andstructure,aswellassuggestionsforimprovementEncouragestudentstorevisetheirworkbasedonfeedbackandaimforclarityandcoherenceintheirwritingDescription07Listeningtraining

ListeningskillsandstrategiesCompensationskillsTheabilitytounderstandthemainidea,details,andtherelationshipsamongtheminagivenmessagePredictingskillsTheabilitytopredictthecontentorthemeaningofthenextinformationbasedonthegivencontextScreeningskillsTheabilitytofilteroutunnecessaryinformationandfocusonkeyinformationMaterialsselectionChoosematerialsthataresuitableforthestudents'Englishlevel,interest,andrelatedtotheirlivesandinterestsMethodsoflisteningItisrecommendedtousethe"bottomup"and"topdown"methodstohelpstudentsunderstandthelisteningmaterialsThe"bottomup"methodemphasizestheunderstandingofvocabulary,grammar,andpromotion,whilethe"topdown"methodemphasizestheuseofbackgroundknowledgeandcontextualinferencetounderstandthelisteningmaterialsSelectionofListeningMaterialsandListeningMethodsRegularpracticeItisrecommendedthatstudentslistentoEnglishmaterialsregularlytoimprovetheirlisteningabilityTheycanlistentoEnglishsongs,Englishmovies,Englishpodcasts,etcImprovementAfterlistening,studentsshouldsummarizeandreviewthekeyinformationtheyhaveheard,andtrytoretellorparaphrasewhattheyhaveheardintheirownwordsThiscanhelpstudentsbetterunderstandandremembertheinformationtheyhaveheardListeningPracticeandImprovement08LearningResourcesandToolsChoosesuitablet