人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture Learning About Language学案

pastinthepastpastnow过去完成时pastinthepastpastnow1.过去完成时的概念与结构特点过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past)”。2.过去完成时的结构(1)Bythetimethepolicemangottotheshop,thethiefhadrunaway. 肯定：主语＋haddone(2)Thethiefhadnotrunawaybythetimethepolicemangottotheshop. 否定：主语＋hadnotdone(3)Hadthethiefrunawaybythetimethepolicemangottotheshop? 疑问：Had＋主语＋done疑问：Had＋主语＋done练习：BythetimeIwalkedintoclass,theteacherhadstartedteachingalready.否定句：一般疑问句：3.过去完成时的判断依据(1)由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.练习：MyfatheraskedmeifI(finish)readingthatbook.Theladyshowedmethepicturesshe(paint).Ibegantheworkafterhe(go).(2)由时间状语来判定与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：(1)by+过去的时间点。(2)bytheendof+过去的时间点。(3)before+过去的时间点。练习：Bythetimethepoliceman_______(get)totheshop,Tom__________(run)away.Bythetimehisgrandma________(come)fromAmerica,LiHua______________(grow)up.过去完成时的被动语态基本构成Theroomlookednice.Somebodyhadcleanedit.Theroomlookednice.Ithadbeencleaned.过去完成时的被动：hadbeendone(1)Theroomhadbeencleaned. 肯定：主语＋hadbeendone(2)Theroomhadnotbeencleaned. 否定：主语＋hadnotbeendone(3)Hadtheroombeencleaned? 疑问：Had＋主语＋beendone(4)Whenhadtheroombeencleaned? 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋had＋主语＋beendone三、基本用法1.在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句。e.g.Shesaid(that)she_______________(be)toParis.IthoughtI____________(send)theletteraweekbefore.2.状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。e.g.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves____________(run)away.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthatallherfurniture______________(ruin)bytheflood.3.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect，think,intend,mean等,用过去完成时表示“原本…,却未能…”。e.g.We__________(hope)thatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.I_____________(intend)toseeyou,butIhadtolookaftermybaby.4.在by,bytheendof,bythetime,before,后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句。e.g.Bytheendoflastyear,we_____________(produce)20,000cars.Thetrain________(leave)beforewereachedthestation.Bynineo'clocklastnight，we________(get)200picturesfromthespaceship.5.表示“一……就”的句型：(1)“hardly/scarcely+haddone+whendid” (2)“nosooner+haddone+thandid”Ihadhardlyenteredtheroomwhenthelightwentout.Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.6.过去完成时常用于一些固定句型：(1)It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second...time+that从句，从句谓语动词常用过去完成时。e.g.Itwasthethirdtimethathe_____________(mention)hismotherinhisspeech.(2)It/Thatwasthe+形容词最高级+名词+that+主语+haddonee.g.ItwasthemostinterestingmoviethatI____________(watch).四、现在完成时和过去完成时比较现在完成时:发生在过去但与现在相关pastinthepastpastpastinthepastpastnownow现在完成时:发生在过去但与现在相关 过去完成时:发生在“过去的过去”AsfarasIknow,they________(live)inthiscityfortwentyyears.They________(live)inthiscityfortwentyyearsbeforetheymovedtoShenyang.I___________(learn)1，000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。I___________(learn)1，000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.到上学期为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。过去完成时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，而过去完成时表示的动作不仅发生在过去，而且把时间推移到过去某一时间之前，即“过去的过去”，与现在时间不发生联系，通常在和过去某时或某动作相比较时就会用到它。五、练习1.Hesaidthathe___________(write)thatletter.2.Beforehearrived,thetrain__________(leave).3.Bythen,they____________(work)foreighthours.4.Whenshegottothecinema,thefilm____already____(be)onfor15minutes.5.Marytoldmeshe___________(meet)mymotherbefore.6.Bysixo’clockyesterdayevening,I____________(finish)myhomework.7.IwenttoLiHong’shouse,buthe____________(go)out.8.TheuniversitiesinBritain_____________(take)inmanystudentsfromChinaandotherAsiancountriesoverthepastfewyears.六、写作1.结构2.健康饮食类应用文“黄金”词句挑食beparticularaboutfood 从...获益benefitfrom不吃早餐skipbreakfast/dosthwithouthavingbreakfast 各种各样的食物avarietyoffoods暴饮暴食eatanddrinktoomuch/eatlikeahorse 规律进餐havemealsregularly高脂肪的食物fattyfood 避免高脂肪食物avoidthedisheswithhighcalories有营养的食物nutritiousfood 食用新鲜食物，减少冷冻或加工食物havefreshfoodwhilereducingprocessedorfrozenfood对...有害doharmto 规律进餐havemealsregularly固定的饮食习惯consistenteatinghabits 吃适量的食物consumeamodestamountoffood均衡饮食abalanceddiet(1)最近健康饮食是一个热门话题，因为饮食在我们的日常生活中发挥着重要作用。Healthydietisaheatedtopicamongpeoplerecently,fordietplaysanimportantroleinourdailylife.人们逐渐意识到健康是一个人能够拥有的最有价值的东西。Peoplecometorealizethatgoodhealthisthemostvaluablethingapersoncanhave.据说许多学生早上什么都不吃，这对他们的健康是有害的。It’ssaidthatmanystudentsdonoteatanythingatallinthemorning,whichisverybadfortheirhealth.我认为你不健康的饮食和你的问题有很大的关系。Ithinkyourunhealthydietiscloselyassociatedwithyourproblems.此外，我们应该注重饮食均衡，这能保证我们必要的营养。Besides,weshouldfocusonabalanceddiet,whichassuresusthenec