cet4-图表作文讲解

CET-4图表作文写作2012.12月真题2012.12月真题2012.12月真题图表作文提示部分包括图表和文字要点提示两部分。写作内容包括综合理解、客观详述和主观表达。图表作文要求考生用文字材料把图表中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。要求首先要仔细观察并分析图表，以及题中所给出的有关信息，比如，作文标题，英文提纲、英文提示、英语关键词等。在分析图表时，要抓住与主题有关的信息，发现数据呈现的规律，充分利用图表中的图形、数据等来说明主题。但不要过多地引用数据，以免滥用数据。步骤：

1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;

2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;

3)编列文章的提纲;

4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;

5)检查与修改。第一段、说明图表

主题句＋图表说明1＋图表说明2＋图表说明3第二段、说明引起变化的原因

主题句＋原因1＋原因2＋原因3第三段、说明影响或者提出解决办法

主题句+建议+前景预测

图表的类型主要有：圆形（饼型）图（piechart）、柱形图(直型图)（graph）、曲线图（chart）和数据统计表(表格)（table）。描述：show;describe;illustrate;canbeseenfrom;clear;apparent;reveal;represent

内容：figure;statistic;number;percentage;proportion

在写作图表作文时可以套用一些常用词汇或表达方式，这将有助于写出较为地道的图表作文。①Ascanbeseenfromthetable(graph,form)...

②Fromtheabovetableitcanbeseen(concluded)that...

③Acarefulstudyofthetableshowsthat...

④Fromthechart,wemayhaveabasicunderstandingofthesituationof-----1.对于上升趋势的描述：

a.可以使用的动词或动词词组toincrease

togoup

torise

togrow

tojump

toleap

tosoar

toshoot

topickup

b.可以使用的名词

anincrease

agrowth

ajump

asoar

anupwardtrend

2.对于上升到某个位置的描述：

a.动词＋to＋具体数据。

b.动词＋to＋thepeakof＋具体

c.topeakat＋具体数据

d.toclimbto+具体数据

对于上升的程度的描述：

a.动词＋by＋具体数据。

b.动词＋副词。In2001,itincreased(wentup,rose)from5to15percentofthetotal(to15percent,by15percent).

eg.Thetotalamountof…(addedupto)14billionpounds(14%)in1994.Thetotalworkingdayslost(soaredto)10millionin1979.InAugustasmanyas39caraccidentswerereported,indicatingan(increase)ofabout79%ascomparedwiththenumberofJanuary.Tobaccoconsumptionis(experiencing)anincrease.

下降

a.可使用的动词/动词词组

tofall

todecrease

togodown

toslide

tocollapse

todecline

todrop

b.可以使用的名词

acollapse

adecrease

afall

adecline

adrop

2.对于下降到某个位置的描述：

a.动词＋to＋具体数据。

b.动词＋to＋thebottomof＋具体数据。

c.动词＋reachingthebottomof+具体数据。

d.动词＋reaching+具体数据。

3.对于下降程度的描述：

a.动词＋by＋具体数据。

b.动词＋副词。Ithasdecreased(fell,dropped)abouttwice,comparedwith(ascomparedwith,asagainst)thatof2000.

对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型：

……%the……is/has/have/are……

……accountsfor……%ofthetotal

……takesup……%inthewholechart

对于平稳的趋势的描述：可以使用的动词或动词词组：tohardlychangetohavelittlechangetokeepsteadytoremainconstanttostaythesame

表示程度的副词：

程度较大considerably

dramatically

greatly

markedly

obviously

quickly

rapidly

sharply

significantly

suddenly

2.程度较小

slightly

gradually

slowly

steadily

时间的嵌入

嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：

in

from……to……

between…….and……

during……and……

atthestartof……

bytheendof……

over……

attheendof……

throughout……

上升和下降趋势的组合描述（嵌入了时间和程度之后）：1.先上升后下降的句型：

......increasedslowlyduring……and……butfellsharplyin…….

Asteadyfallin……during……and……followedthesharpincreasein…….

2.先下降后上升的句型：

…

fellbefore…begantomakearecovery…

……continuetherecovery,climbingto……

…droppedduring……butincreasedagainin…

……fellandthenpickupduring……

…collapsedbeforerisingto…attheendof…

3.起伏波动的句型：起伏不定：togoupanddown/wave/fluctuate/beunstable/beinflexible…Thestrikeratewentupanddownduringtheperiodfrom1952to1967.有起有伏：Therebeupsanddowns…

Between1972and1979,therewereseveralupsanddownsin...

4.波动不大，稳定的句型保持稳定，几乎不变1.…toremainsteady/level/unchanged…

Therateof…remainedsteady(fairlylevel/almostunchanged)duringthefouryearsfrom1963to1967.2.…toleveloff(vi.)Afterasteadydeclineforawholedecade,the…rateshowssignsoflevelingoff.趋势的比较

1.表示相似的句型

(实例)：

BothsharepricesrosesharplyinJanuary.

Neithercompanyhasmadeaprofityet.

LikeX,YfellinJune.

XrosejustassharplyasY.

2.表示差异的句型（实例）：

Xfellsharplywhereas/whileYremainedsteady.

XfellquicklycomparedtoY.

UnlikeY,Xroseby10%.

XrosefarmoredramaticallythanY.

3.表示倍数的句型：

the……doubled/tripledin……comparedwiththosein……

4.客观比较的句型：…is……incontrastto……数据的修饰

1.表示不足的词或词组：

upto

below

under

almost

nearly

2.表示超过的词或词组：

over

morethan

justover

3.表示大约的词：about

常用词汇

占:occupy/takeup/accountfor/gain

而:while/however/whereas/ontheotherhand/actually/infact

相比:bycontract/onthecontrary/likewise/comparedwith

最高点:thehighest/thetop/thesummit/thepeak/themost

最低点:bottom/least/bottom

平均:mean/average

趋势:tendancy/trend/inclination

达到顶峰:mountto

成正比，反比

IndirectproportiontoIninverseproportiontoE.g.Thereisapositivecorrelationbetween...and...模板一

①总的趋势②图表具体描述③剖析图表所揭示的含义④理由一

⑤理由二⑥理由三⑦总结Ascanbeseenfromthetable,thepastdecadehaswitnesseddramaticchangesin①______.

While②_______.Itisobviousfromthetablethat③_________.

Whatcontributedtothesechanges?Ithinkthereasonsareasfollows.Tostartwith,④______.Secondly,⑤______.What’smore,⑥_______.Lastbutnotlease,⑦________.

Inconclusion,⑧_________.Moreover,⑨________.

模板二

①描述图表②分三方面解释原因③下结论

1)Duringtheperiodfrom_______to_______,________rosefrom________to_______,while_______decreasedfrom_______to_______.

2)Webelievethatthreereasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.First,____.Second,____.Third,_____.

3)___.Wearehappytoseethatthingsarebecomingbetterandbetternowadays.Wecanimaginethat___.

图表作文：大学生使用电脑情况（02年四级真题）1.上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；2.请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明)；3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。StudentUseofComputerSince1990,therehasbeentremendousgrowthintheuseofcomputersbystudents.Whilein1990,theaveragenumberofhoursastudentspentonthecomputerwasaboutonehourperweek,thisnumbergrewtonearlyfourhoursperweekby1995,andtoapproximately20hoursperweekbytheyear2000.Thissignificantgrowthintheuseofcomputersbystudentsinthe1990’scanbeattributedtoseveralfactors,includingwidespreadusage,lowerprices,andtechnologicalandsocialdevelopments.Nowadays,computersarewidelyusedbystudentsforwordprocessing,bookkeeping,multimediapresentations,andaccesstotheInternetforbothresearchandcommunications.Additionally,since1990,duetocompetitionandtechnologicaladvances,computerhardwareandsoftwareprices,aswellasInternetusagechargeshavedroppedsignificantly.Finally,technologicaldevelopmentsandchangesinsocialhabitsinthe1990’shaveplayedamajorroleinthistremendousgrowthintheuseofcomputers.Today’ssocietyreliesheavilyoncomputersforimmediateaccesstothenewsandforentertainment,including,listeningtomusic,watchingmoviesandsportevents,andplayingcomputergames.Whilecomputersareofgreatassistancetothestudents,andtherefore,areindispensabletools,theyalsoposesomechallenges.Thebiggestchallengethatmanystudentsfaceisdisciplineintheuseofthispowerfuldevice.Thatis,studentsneedtohavethedisciplineofnotallowingthemselvestobeluredbytheentertainingaspectsofthiswonderfultool—aspectsthatcanresultinaddictiontocomputergamesorviewingofundesirablematerialontheInternet.Thatistosay,studentsneedtousethispowerfultoolwithgreatwisdom!Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan100wordsonIncomeSourcesbetweenChineseandAmericanStudents.Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Writethreeparagraphsto:

1.DescribethedifferencesoftheincomesourcesbetweenChineseandAmericanstudents.

2.Analyzepossiblereasonsforthesedifferences.

3.Predicatefuturetendency.

IncomeSourcesbetweenChineseandAmericanStudents

SourceofIncomePercentageofTotalIncomeParents

Part-timejobFellowshiporScholarshipAmericanStudents50%35%15%ChineseStudents

90%5%5%DescribethedifferencesoftheincomesourcesbetweenChineseandAmericanstudents.Analyzepossiblereasonsforthesedifferences.Predicatefuturetendency.Ascanbeseenfromthetable,incomesourcesofChinesestudentsarequitedifferentfromthoseofAmericanstudents.InChina,studentsget90%oftheirmoneyfromtheirparentswhileinAmerica,only50%ofstudents’moneyisprovidedbyparents.Inaddition,Chinesestudentsearnonly5%oftheirmoneyfromparttimejobsand5%fromfellowshiporscholarshipwhileincomefromthesetworesourcesforAmericanstudentstakesup35%and15%respectivelyoftheirtotalincomeIthinkthereareprobablythreereasonsfortheirdifferences.First,becauseoftheinfluenceofdifferentsocialandfamilyvalues,ChinesestudentshaveformedthehabitofaskingformoneyfromtheirparentswhileAmericanstudentshavedevelopedmoresenseofbeingfinanciallyindependent.Second,mostChineseparentsdevotetoomuchcaretotheirchildrenandtheywouldrathersaveuptoaffordtheirchildren’seducationratherthanencouragethemtotakepart-timejobs.ButinAmerica,manyparentspaymoreattentiontodevelopingthestudents’abilityofself-reliance,sotheyencouragetheirchildrentofindpart-timejobtoearnsomemoneybythemselves.Third,sinceAmericaismoredevelopedthanChina,itisrelativelyeasyforstudentstofindparttimejobs.InChina,suchopportunitiesareratherrare.

IbelievewiththedevelopmentofChina,moreandmoreChinesestudentswillrealizeandpaymoreattentiontothenecessityofselfdependence.Inaddition,moreandmoreopportunitieswillbeprovidedforthemtotakepart-timejobs.Somorestudentswillgooutoftheivorytowertobroadentheirknowledgeandtobecomethemasteroftheirownlives.

［实战演练］

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicPeopleBelowPovertyLine.

1、下图所示为1978年，1985年1997年中国贫困线以下人口的变化情况，请先描述其变化。

2、请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从改革开放、高科技在生产中的应用等）

3、你认为解决目前中国贫困人口还有什么困难或者问题。

第一段：说明图表

开篇句：Asthebarchartshows,____duringtheyearsof____to____.

扩展句：1、Asearlyas_____.

2、Then_____yearslater,____.

3、Andarrivingintheyear____,____.

第一段：说明图表

开篇句：Asthebarchartshows,thenumberofpeoplebelowthepoverty

linedecreaseddramaticallyduringtheyearsfrom1978to1997.

扩展句：1、Asearlyas1978,about250millionpeoplewereunderthepovertyline.

2、Then

sevenyearslater,thenumberbecamethreefifthsthatof1978.

3、Andarrivingintheyear1997,thenumberwasreducedto50millions.

第二段：解释图表变化原因

主题句：Severalfactorscontributeto_____.

扩展句：1、______.(原因1)

2、And______.(原因2)

3、Furthermore,______(原因3)

4、Alltheseresultin____.

第二段：解释图表变化原因

主题句：Severalfactorscontributetothesharpdecreaseofthebelow-povertypopulation.

扩展句：1、Thereformandopeningfollowing1978enabledthepeasantstobecomemuchbetteroff.(原因1)

2、AndwiththedevelopmentofChineseeconomy,thatpolicyalsoimprovedcitydwellers'livesgreatly.(原因2)

3、Furthermore,

thehigh-techintroducedmadeitpossibleforthecountry'seconomyasawholetotakeoff.(原因3)

4、AlltheseresultinthegreatfalloftheChinesepopulationbelowthepovertyline.

第三段：提出解决办法

结尾句：

However,____isfacedwithsomeproblems.

扩展句：1、With_____,____,theeffectofwhichisnotonlydiscouraging,butalsochallenging.2、Somyprincipleistopaydueattentionto___,butnotjustto____.

第三段：提出解决办法

结尾句：

However,

afurtherdecreaseinthe

numberofpoverty-strickenpeople

isfacedwithsomeproblems.

扩展句：1、Withquitefewemployeesbeinglaidoff,theeffectofwhichisnotonl