牛津译林版九年级下册英语同步讲义Unit 4 Life on Mars 课时2 Reading【学生版】

Unit4LifeonMars

Reading

册:知识精讲

、知识点01crowded教材P52

【用法详解】

l.crowdedadj.人（太）多的；拥挤的

Inwinter,theplaceiscrowdedwithskiers.冬季，这地方满是滑雪的人。

Londonwasverycrowded.伦敦拥挤不堪。

2.crowdedadj.充满的；挤满的

aroomcrowdedwithbooks堆满书籍的房间

Wehaveaverycrowdedschedule.我们的日程排得满满的。

【典例讲解】

Manypeoplemovetothiscityeveryyear.Itbecomes.

A.crowdedandcrowdedB.morecrowdedandmorecrowded

C.moreandmorecrowdedD.morecrowdedandcrowded

【拓展】

1.crowd作为名词的用法

1）人群；观众

Hepushedhiswaythroughthecrowd.他在人群中往前挤。

Policehadtobreakupthecrowd.警方不得不驱散人群。

2）一伙人；一帮人

Bobintroducedhertosomeoftheusualcrowd.鲍勃把她介绍给常见面的几个朋友。

3）thecrowdn.群众；民众；老百姓；凡夫俗子

Weallliketothinkwestandoutfromthecrowd.我们都喜欢认为自己胜人一筹。

Hepreferstobeoneofthecrowd.他宁愿做个凡夫俗子。

2.crowd作为动词的用法

1）挤满；塞满；使…拥挤

Thousandsofpeoplecrowdedthenarrowstreets.成千上万的人把狭窄的街道挤得水泄不

通。

2）涌上（心头）；涌入（脑海）

Memoriescrowdedhismind.往事涌上他的心头。

鼻

昱'知识点02increase教材P52

【用法详解】

1.increasev.（使）增长，增多；增加反义词：decrease减少

Thepopulationhasincreasedfrom1.2millionto1.8million.人口已从120万增力口至！J了180

万。

Thepriceofoilincreased.石油价格上涨了。

TheyVeincreasedthepriceby50%.他们已经把价格提高了50%

2.increasen.增长；增多；增加

anincreaseofnearly20%近20%的增长

Homelessnessisontheincrease（=而creas加g）.无家可归者越来越多。

【典例讲解】

ItissaidthatthenumberofforestParksinGuangdongtomorethan1,000sofar.

A.increaseB.increasedC.hasincreasedD.willincrease

鼻

*'知识点03largenumbersof教材P52

【用法详解】

largenumbersof=alargenumberof：一些，许多，修饰可数名词复数，做主语时，谓

语动词一般用复数形式。number前可用large,great,small等词修饰。

Largenumbersofpeoplemissedthetrain.许多人没赶上火车。

Asahousewife,shehasagreatnumberofthingstodo.作为一名家庭主妇，她有很多的事情

要做。

【典例讲解】

1.——audienceswanttorefundtheirtickets.

一Yes,theyaredisappointedandangry.Ithink________isnolessthan500.

A.Anumberof;anamountB.Anumberof;thenumber

C.Aplentyof;theamountD.Thenumberof;theamount

2.一Whafsthenumberofdoctorsinthishospital?

一Ionlyknowthatthenumberofdoctorsinthishospital189.

A.men;areB.man;isC.man;areD.men;is

【拓展】anumberof与thenumberof区另

anumberof大量的，修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；thenumberof……的数量，修

饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。

Anumberofstudentsarerunningintheplayground.大量的学生在操场上奔跑。

Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomis45.教师里学生的数量是45o

注

星”知识点04development教材P52

【用法详解】

1.developmentn.发展；发育；成长；壮大

careerdevelopment职业的发展

Thismoneyisintendedforthedevelopmentofthetouristindustry.这笔钱是准备用于发展旅

游业的。

2.developmentn.开发；研制；研制成果

Thislandisripefordevelopment.这片土地适宜开发。

Thispieceofequipmentisanexcitingnewdevelopment.这台设备是——项振奋人/Q?的最新研究

成果。

【典例讲解】

YuanLongpinghasspentallhislifetheresearchandofriceplants.

A.to;developedB.on;developC.to;developingD.on;development

【拓展】

1.developv.（使）成长，发展，壮大

Thechildisdevelopingnormally.这孩子发育正常。

Shedevelopedthecompanyfromnothing.她白手起家办起了这个公司。

2.developv.开发；研制

Thecompanydevelopsandmarketsnewsoftware.这个公司开发并销售新软件。

a’知识点05threeeighths教材P53

【用法详解】

1、分数词是以基数词和序数词合成的，基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。

基数词：one、two、three>four

序数词：first、second>third>fourth、fifth

2、分子大于1时，分母需要用复数。

3/4threequarters2/5twofifths

3、分数中的分母为2时，要用half表示，不能用second因为second是一秒钟的意思。

1/2ahalfonehalf1/3onethird1/4onefourth/onequarter

【典例讲解】

Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolabout800.ofthemareboys.

A.are;TwothirdB.are;Twothirds

C.is;TwothirdD.is;Twothirds

知识点06prevent教材P53

【用法详解】

preventv.阻止；阻碍；阻挠

preventsbfromdoingsth=stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事

Theaccidentcouldhavebeenprevented.这次事故本来是可以防止的。

Heispreventedbylawfromholdingalicence.法律不准他持有执照。

Nothingwouldpreventhimfromspeakingoutagainstinjustice.什么都不能阻止他鸣不平。

【典例讲解】

Jackmadeuphismindtodevotehislifepollutionhappily.

A.toprevent;toliveB.toprevent;fromliving

C.topreventing;toliveD.topreventing;fromliving

知识点07comparewith教材P53

【用法详解】

1.comparev.比较；对比

Itisinterestingtocomparetheirsituationandours.把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。

Wecomparedthetworeportscarefully.我们仔细地比较了两个报告。

2.comparewith/tosb/sth与…类似（或相似）

Thisschoolcompareswiththebestinthecountry.这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。

Thishousedoesn'tcomparewithourpreviousone.这房子比不上我们以前的。

I'vehadsomedifficulties,buttheywerenothingcomparedtoyours.我遇至U了——些困难，

但与你的困难比起来就算不上什么了。

3.compareAtoB表明…与…相似；将…比作

Also,doyourbestnottocompareyourselftoothers.同时，尽量不要拿自己和别人比较。

【典例讲解】

withhisflat,minelooksnew.

A.Compared;asgoodasB.Tocompare;aswellas

C.Compared;aswellasD.Tocompare;asgoodas

【拓展】

compareto和comparewith的意思与用法差别：

1.compareto表示“把……比作……”“比喻为…”、“比拟”，是指出两者之间的关系或相似。

Heoftencomparehisgirlfriendtoarose.他经常把他的女朋友比作玫瑰。

Sheoftencomparehisboyfriendtoalion,她经常把她的男朋友比作狮子。

2.comparewith则表示“把...和...相比”，“比较”，是指研究评判人与人之间、事物与事物之

间相同或相异的程度。

3.Youcan'tcompareyourstrongpointswiththeweakpointsofothers.你不能拿自己的强项和

弱项相比。

知识点08connect教材P53

【用法详解】

connectAto/withBconnectAandB（使）连接；联结；使…连接；接通

Thetownsareconnectedbytrainandbusservices.这些城镇由火车和公共汽车连接起来。

Firstconnecttheprintertothecomputer.首先把打印机与计算机接通。

We*rewaitingforthetelephonetobeconnected.我们等待着接通电话。

【典例讲解】

LiTaoisthechiefengineerofthefamousbridge________ZhenjiangtoYangzhou.

A.connectB.connectingC.connectedD.toconnect

知识点09challenging教材P53

【用法详解】

1.challengingadj.挑战性的；考验能力的

Shedoesnotlikeanyonechallengingherauthority.她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。

Mikefoundachallengingjobasacomputerprogrammer.迈克找到了一份富有挑战性的工作一

—当电脑程序师。

2.challengingadj.挑起争论的；不赞同的

Shegavehimachallenginglook."Areyoureallysure?9shedemanded.她用不赞同的眼

光看了他一眼。“你敢肯定吗？”她问道。

【典例讲解】

ChenZhiqiangtookpartinSuperBrainIIIhimself.

A.challengingB.tochallenge

C.challengedD.challenge

【拓展】

challengen.&v.

1.挑战；艰巨任务

Therolewillbethebiggestchallengeofhisactingcareer.扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯

中最大的挑战。

Destructionoftheenvironmentisoneofthemostseriouschallengesweface.环境的破坏

是我们所面临的最严峻的挑战之一。

2.挑战书；（比赛等的）邀请，提议

toaccept/takeupachallenge接受挑战

3.质询；质疑；提出异议

Itwasadirectchallengetothepresident'sauthority.这是对主席权威的直接质疑。

Theirlegalchallengewasunsuccessful.他们的法律质疑未获成功。

翩师展

1.一HaveyoueverbeentotheHappyValleythemeparkinWuhan?

一Yes.ItvisitorsduringtheLanternFestivalthisyear.

A.crowdswithB.iscrowded

C.crowdedwithD.wascrowdedwith

2.Tooursurprise,visitstoourwebsitetwicesinceSeptember.

A.increaseB.increasedC.haveincreasedD.willincrease

3.AsPresidentXiputsit,Chinahasfinecultureandstudentsshouldlearnthehistoryof

ourcountryasithelpsustoknowwherewearefromandwherewearegoing.

A.anumberofB.agreatmanyC.thenumberofD.agreatdealof

4.Formorethanonce,ourheadteacherasksusthehabitofkeepingadiary.

A.developB.developsC.developingD.todevelop

5.Aboutoftheresearchonanimals9behaviourbeendonesofar.

A.two-nineteenths;haveB.two-nineths;has

C.two-ninths;hasD.two-nineties;have

6.84-year-oldmanwasattackedwhilewalkinginSanFrancisco.Morethan

ofthepopulationinthiscityisAsian.

A.A;one-thirdB.An;one-thirdC./;one-thirdD.An;two-third

7.NowtheChinesegovernmenthasmadelawsthepeopleinsomepublic

placeslikeschools.

A.toprotect,tosmokeB.toprotect,smoking

C.toprevent,tosmokeD.toprevent,smoking

8.一Whafstheadvantageofthisnewtypeofspacecraft?

一current(现有)spacecrafts,thenewoneswouldtravelmuchfaster.

A.ComparedwithB.ComparingwithC.TocomparewithD.Comparewith

9.一HowcanIbecomea/anlearner?

-whatyoulearnyourreallife.

A.active,Connect,withB.wisely,Connectwith

C.patient,Connect,andD.successful,Connect,and

lO.Thebraveboydareshimself.

A.challengeB.challenging

C.tochallengeD.challenges

M分层提分

l.Atweekendsthebeachisalwayswithnoisytourists,(crowd)

2.Thenumberoftheprivatecars(increase)greatlysince2008inthesmalltown.

3.Anumberofoldstudents(have)funplayingontheplaygroundwhentheaccident

happened.

4.Thewomanbelievesthatit'sgoodforherson's(develop)tolearnthepiano.

5.ThegravityonMarsisonlyaboutthree(eight)ofthatontheEarth.

6.(prevent)thespreadofCOVID-19,weshouldbevaccinated(接种疫苗)assoonas

possible.

7.Always(compare)withothersisnotgoodforyou.

8.They'rebuildingtheunderground(connect)theeasttothewestofourcity.

9.Thedevelopmentofa5Ghasbeena(challenge)problemforAfrica.

题组B能力提升练

一、完型填空

Howwillcitiesusetechnologyinthefuturetomaintainpowerduringnaturaldisasters?

Somebrightmiddleschoolstudentsare___1___thisquestion.

___2___ofstudentsfromaroundtheworldexplainedtheirideasregardingthistopicatthe

FutureCitycompetition,whichrecentlytookplaceinWashington,DC.StudentsfromtheJustice

PageMiddleSchoolinMinneapolis,US,wereononeoftheteams.

___3___usingpopulartechnologieslikeflyingcarsandartificialintelligence(人工智能)，

thestudentsfromJusticePagetookamoresimpleapproach(方式)tothetopic.

Theyspentafewweeks___4___theirideasandbuildingamodeltodemonstrate(展示)

them.TheychosethecityofMauiinHawaiiasthesettingfortheirproject.Theychosethiscity

becauseseveraldifferentkindsofnaturaldisastershappenedthereinthepast.

Intheirproject,theycoveredroofsinthecitywithsolarpanels(太阳能板),which

poweredaspinningring(旋转的环形物)thatproducesandstorespower.

___5___apowerfailurehappens,thestoredpowercanbesenttodifferentneighborhoods.

Extraenergycanalsobe___6___toareaswithoutpower.

Thestudents___7___theirmodeltolifewith3Dprintingtechnology.Theyprintedtheparts

theyneededandsetthemuponcircuitboards(电路板).Tomakethemodelmorerealistic(逼真

的)，theymadeabaseoutofwoodenblocksandgrass.Themodelhaslightsand___8___asmall

trainthattravelsbackandforth.Theteamdidnotwinthefinals,buttheexperiencewas___9___.

RyanRowell,13,saidhethoughtitwascooltothinkaboutthingsthathehadn'tconsideredbefore.

Healsosaw10otherteamsmadetheirownpresentationsandmarketedinterestingideas.

Hesaidhewantstokeeplearningaboutengineering.

1.A.worryingaboutB.thinkingaboutC.speakingaboutD.hearingabout

2.A.GroupsB.ClassesC.TeamsD.Armies

3.A.ByB.WhileC.InsteadofD.Becauseof

4.A.developingB.spreadingC.supportingD.encouraging

5.A.UnlessB.BeforeC.UntilD.When

6.A.receivedB.heldC.takenD.sent

7.A.broughtB.keptC.createdD.fixed

8.A.everB.evenC.stillD.just

9.A.successfulB.valuableC.strangeD.enough

lO.A.howB.whichC.whenD.what

题组C培优拔尖练

一、阅读理解

A

Virtualreality（虚拟现实）isakindoftechnologythatusescomputersandprogrammesto

makeamovieorgamelookandfeellikeitisreal.Somepeopleownavirtualrealitygamesystem.

Anumberofthesesystemsusecameras.Youcanalsobuyaspecialdevice（设备）towearonyour

head.Thesedeviceshavesensors（传感器）onthem.Whileyouarewatchingtheprogrammeinside

thedevice,thesesensorsandcamerasarewatchingyou.Theywatchhowyourhead,eyes,and

bodymove.Theyusethisinformationtomovearoundthepicturesyouseeinsidethedevice.

Somepeoplealsousespecialheadphoneswiththedevice.Theheadphoneshavesensorson

them.Thisinformationtellstheheadphoneshowtochangethesoundsoitseemsmorerealtoyou.

Withthespecialviewingdevicesandheadphones,aplayercanseeandhearavirtualgamespace

morelikearealplace.

Youcanalsousespecialclothesthatgooveryourhandsandchesttofeellikeyouareinthe

game.Theseclothesarefilledwithsensors.Thesensorstellthegamehowyouaremoving.Then

thegamesendsinformationtotheclothestodosomething.Whenyoupickupaballinthegame,

youmightfeellikesomethingispressing（按压）onyourhand.

Manykindsofvirtualrealityprogrammesareusedtomakevideogames,

Governmentsusevirtualrealitytotrainsomekindsofworkersandsoldiers.Thentheworkersand

soldierscanpracticewhattodoindifferentsituationstheymightmeet.Inthebusinessworld,

peoplewhowanttoseewhatahouseonbuildingmightlooklikebeforeitisbuiltcanlookatit

usingvirtualreality.

However,virtualrealitydoeshavesomeproblems.Whilethevirtualrealityprogramme

watchesyourmovements,itsometimesdoesnotchangethepictureyouseefastenough.Because

itdoesnotchangethepictureorsoundquickly,yourbodyfeelsthatthereisaproblem.Thatis

whyvirtualrealitycanmakesomepeoplesick.

1.Whatdovirtualrealitygamesusesensorsdo?

A.Torecordaplayer5senvironment.B.Toplaythevideogamefortheperson.

C.Totrainsomekindsofworkersandsoldiers.D.Towatchhowyoumoveyourbodyandhead.

2.WhatdoesitrefertoinParagraph2?

A.Thedevice.B.Theinformation.C.Thegame.D.Thesound.

3.InParagraph4,whichsentencecanbefilledintheblank?

A.Instead,virtualrealitycausesthousandsofworkerstolosetheirjobs.

B.However,virtualrealityisbeingusedformuchmorethanjustgames.

C.Moreover,virtualrealityhelpscompaniessavealotofmoneyandtime.

D.Thoughvirtualrealityisgoodforgamecompanies,ifsharmfultoothers.

4.Whafsthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Howvirtualrealityworksandwhatitcando.

B.Reasonswhyvirtualrealitybecomessopopular.

C.Virtualrealityanditsusesforgovernmentworkers.

D.Howspecialviewingdevicesareusedinvideogames.

B

Whatwillastronauts（宇航员）eatwhenaspacetriptakesyears?

“Lotsoffreshvegetables,“saysDr.JanetWilliams,whoseteamhavespentthelast10years

learninghowtogrowplantsinaspacestation.Andifsagoodthingthatshehasalreadystarted

herwork,becausespacegardeningcanbereallyhard.

Asusual,astronautGeorgeWhitelookedintotheclosedplantroom.HehadplantedDr.

Williams'squick-growingseedlings（幼苗）init,butnoneofthestems（茎）wereshowing.He

openedtheroomtocheckandfoundtheproblem.Thestemsweren'tgrowingupwardandthe

rootsweren'tgrowingdownward.OnEarth,gravity（重力）helpsaplant'sstemsandrootstofind

“up"and"down”.However,inthespacestation,therewasalmostnogravity.

Dr.Williamssuggestedasolution:givetheplantsmorelight,asplantsalsousesunlightto

findtheirway.Anditworked.Whentheplantshadmorelight,thestemstur