2023年中考英语专项学案名词

中考一轮语法复习名词Noun学前诊断1.Shehasturneddown拒绝several一些___________(invitation邀请)tostaratshowsinorderto为了concentrateon专注herstudies.2.Accordingtosome___________(proof证据),amancanhaveseveral___________(wife)insomecountries.3.Hereareten___________(Chinese),two___________(Englishman)andfive___________(German).4.Lookatthose___________(photo).Theyareaboutsome___________(hero英雄).5.Inourschool,thereare50___________(woman)teachersand500___________(girl)students.6.Iwanttobuytwo___________(kilo公斤)of___________(sugar).7.Whosetoysarethese?Theyare___________(LucyandLily),the___________(child)toysarefunny.8.Itisabouttwo___________(hour)drivefrommyhousetotheairport.9.___________(music)oftencalledhimPops,asasignofrespectforhisinfluence(影响).10.TheythinklearningEnglishisnoteasy,butIfeelnotthat___________(difficulty).11.Iwasaskedtodriveinheavytraffic.Ididso___________(success).12.Givegirlsachancetobe___________(success),andtheywill.13.TheChongyangFestivalisa___________(tradition)Chinesefestival.知识清单名词：noun.简称n.一切有生命和无生命的物体的名称一.名词分类Classification普通名词可数名词个体名词按个数city_________,_____________,____________________集体名词按整体数team,________________,__________________不可数名词物质名词物质概念air,__________________,_____________________抽象名词情感等抽象物love,_______________,___________________专有名词 首字母大写，独一无二人名、地名、国家名______________________星期月份和节日_____________________________含有普通名词____________________________姓氏复数一家人_____________________________二.可数名词的数可数名词复数的规则变化名词构成变化规则例词1.一般情况清后，/s/;浊后/z/词尾直接+_______________________apple→,book→2.以s,x,ch,sh,结尾/iz/词尾直接+____________________bus→,buzz→,box→,watch→,brush→3.以y结尾辅音字母+y,____________________元音字母+y,————————baby→,country→,

family→4.以f/fe结尾大多数_______________________少数__________________________leaf→，half→，self→，wife→，knife→，shelf→wolf→,thief→，life→________chief__________【巧记1】半片树叶自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀狼，小偷架后逃命亡【巧记2】海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上gulf,roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchief,chef有生命_________________________无生命____________________【巧记】黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿和芒果Negro→hero→,tomato→,potato→特殊情况：Stomach胃→stomachsAsisknowntoall,therearefourstomachsinanox.小试牛刀cityzoobroomcartreehorsefoxbranchdishthis名词构成常考词语foot_________;goose_________;mouse___________man__________;woman__________fisherman_________fish__________;deer_____________;sheep____________means__________;series_________;species____________4.+enchild_____________;ox_________________5.某国人（中日不变，英法变en,其它+s)aGermanfive______________;anEuropeanfour_______________6.意义不同，复数不同神奇的鱼a.鱼的条数fishfishb.鱼肉【U】c.鱼的种类【C】奇妙的鸡a.chickchicks小鸡b.chicken鸡肉【U】chickens大鸡【C】fish______________(鱼的种类）fish______________(鱼的条数）people______________(人）people____________(民族，种族，部落）小试牛刀1.Therearetwo____________(toy)onthedesk,whicheformdifferent_________(country).2.Therearemany__________(leaf)onthetree.3.Thethree______________(goose)areinteresting.4.Bobwantsthree____________(potato)tomakechipssothathecantakebeautifulphotos(photo)ofthem..5.Therearemany___________(fox)hereintheforest.6.The______________areplayingfootballnow.(child)7.Alotof__________(sheep)and__________(deer)arehuntedfortheirfuranddeerhorn(鹿茸).8.Afew_________(month)ago,three_________(man),whowereall__________(hero),caughtfour__________(thief)becausetheyhadstolensome_______(potato)andsome___________(bamboo)fromtwo____________(farm),where500____________(sheep),200_________________(deer),100____________(ox)and1,000________________(goose)wereraised.2.3合成名词的复数变化1.名词双子座A座：当杠号相连构成复合定语时，相连部分的名词永保单数。【前有冠，后有名，杠相连，永保单】Heisaoneyearoldboy.B座：当杠号相连构成复合名词变复数的规则。【有人加人后，无人加最后，代词不是人】Thisisallweare,lookerson.Janeisalmostagrownup.touchmenots含羞草gobetweens中间人fathersinlaw岳父forgetmenots勿忘我lookerson旁边者2.名词修饰名词。【前不变后变，有man,woman,前后都要变】1.十名女老师tenwomenteachers 2.五棵苹果树fiveappletrees 3.六位男警察sixpolicemen4.三个继子threesonsinlaw5.一群围观的人lookerson行人passersby成人grownups小试牛刀1.Therearethree____________________(bathroom)inmyhouse.2.Therestoodacrowdof____________________(passerby).1）形单意复（常考词people,police,cattle)不加冠词，谓语动词用复数a.people,police,cattle,crew,youth本身就是复数,谓语用复数（但是可以说aheadofcattle,20headsofcattle)注意：cowcows奶牛oxoxen公牛b.theChinese/British/French/English/Japanese/Swiss,表示国民总成用复数eg.TheChineseareindustriousandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。c.当mankind,man,humanity做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。2）整单个复(常考词：army,group,family,enemy,class,team,public,audience)看成整体用单数，看成个体，谓语用复数。【集体名词墙头草，可单可复两边倒】3）只能复特定：clothes衣服；twins双胞胎，thanks感谢，congratulations祝贺，arms武器，tears眼泪双的：shoes,pants,裤子shorts,短裤，socks,trousers,scissors,glasses,gloves两条腿走路的名词要借助量词pair/suit修饰4）形不同，意不同goods货物，waters水域，arts文科，arms武器，clothes衣物，greens青菜，sands沙滩，ages时代，customs海关，looks外貌，papers论文，works作品，工厂peoples民族forces军队lines台词times时代，manners礼貌contents目录savings存款5）词尾s伪装复数a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名也视为单数。TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingstorybook.一千零一夜是一本有趣的书。三、不可数名词的数1.前面不能用a,an等来修饰①液体类(water)：juice,tea,soup,milk,cola,coffee②肉类(meat)：beef（牛肉）,pork（猪肉）,mutton（羊肉，chicken(鸡肉）fish(鱼肉）③粉末类：bread（面包），flour(面粉）sand(沙子）④抽象名词类：news（新闻，消息）,information（消息）,money（钱）,advice（建议）,friendship（友谊）,work（工作）,homework（家庭作业）,housework（家务活）,schoolwork（学业）,help（帮助）,fun（乐趣）,health健康）,price价格）⑤食物类（food)：broccoli（花椰菜）,

rice（大米，米饭）,porridge（粥),junkfood（垃圾食品）,chocolate（巧克力）,tofu（豆腐）特别记住：chalk（粉笔）timespacemusicweathercottonwoodmedicine（药品）adviceknowledgeroompopulation2.常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等来修饰不可数名词*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯) paper(纸)–apaper(报纸)work(工作)–awork(著作) room(空间)–aroom(房间)fruit(水果)–fruits(各种水果) fish(鱼)–fishes(各种鱼)hair(所有头发)hairs(几根头发)time(时间)–times(时代)不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等来修饰。，例如：Therichmanhasalotofmoney．Thereissomemilkinthebottle．Isthereanywaterintheglass？Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice．（2）不可数名词计量的表达:①个数单位词：piece（张、片、块、条）,②容器单位词bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,③类别单位词：kind(种、类)④度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤)apieceofpaper/wood/bread/advice/news/abottleoforangeaglassofwater（milk）acupofteaabagofriceapairofglasses/trousers如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：twocupsoftea=twoteasfourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater四.名词所有格‘s和of1.单数名词词尾加’stheboy’sbag.2.复数名词词尾以及以s结尾的名词后加’theboss’book,theworkers’struggleTeachers’DayMother’sDayFather’sDayChildren’sDay3.凡是不能加s的名词，都可以用“名词+of+名词”的结构表示所有关系thetitleofthesong4.表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家，名词所有格的后面常不出现所修饰名词thebarber’s,thetailor’s裁缝店atthedoctor’s在医务室atTom’s在汤姆家atmyaunt’sthe+姓氏’s表示...家房子theSmith’sthe+姓氏s表示...一家人theSmiththe+职业’s表示...的店thebutcher’s肉店5.如果两个名词并列，共有A+B’s各有A’s+B’sJohn’sandMary’sroom,JohnandMary’sroom6.复合名词或短语，’s加在最后一个词的词尾amonthortwo’sabsence一个月或两个月的缺席7.双重所有格apictureofmybrother（我兄弟的一张照片）vsapictureofmybrother’s(我兄弟拥有的一张照片）8.另类所有格：表时间、距离+’sa.一个三天的假期aholidayofthreedaysathreedays’holidayathreedayholidayb.一个二十分钟的路程awalkoftwentyminutesatwentyminutes’walk/rideatwentyminutewalk9.部分用to表达所有格的名词（钥匙，答案，桥和路，出入口的所有格都用to)thekeytothedoortheanswertothequestion=thekeytothequestionthebridgetotheknowledgethewaytotheschooltheexittothebuildingtheentrancetothehall五、名词的句法功能(分析句子成分并指出画线词的功能）1.Mr.SmithwasborninCanada.2.Johnsonisreadinganovelinhisstudy.3.Sheisalovelygirl.4.Everyoneelectedhimmonitor.5.WewillhaveameetingonFridayevening.6.WewillmeetnextSunday.六、名词变为形容词的构成方法（下次测试）1.名词加y构成形容词。如：rain雨水→rainy多雨的） wind（风→windy多风的） cloud云→cloudy多云的阴天的snow雪→snowy多雪的 sun太阳→sunny多阳光的【特别提醒：别忘了双写n】luck运气→lucky幸运的 noise嘈杂声→noisy嘈杂的【特别提醒：别忘了去掉e】health（健康）→healthy（健康的）2.名词加ful构成形容词，表示肯定。如：use使用→useful有用的 help帮助→helpful有帮助的 harm伤害→harmful有害的forget忘记→forgetful健忘 beauty美丽→beautiful美丽的【别忘了把y变成i，再加ful】care关心→careful小心的 pain疼痛→painful疼痛的 wonder感到奇怪→wonderful极好的color颜色→colorful彩色的 thank感谢→thankful感激的3.名词加less构成形容词，表示否定。如：use用处→useless无用的 care关心→careless粗心的harm伤害→harmless无害的 help帮→helpless无能的，无用的hopehopeless没有希望的4.名词加ly构成形容词。如：friend朋友→friendly友好的 love爱→lovely可爱的 month月份→monthly每月的live生活，居住→lively充满生气的 day天→daily每日的5.在有些国名后加上ese构成形容词，表示“……国的”。如：China中国→Chinese中国的 Japan日本→Japanese日本的6.在某些以元音结尾的名词后加n构成形容词。Asia亚洲→Asian亚洲的America美国→American美国的Australianorth→northern

澳大利亚→Australian澳大利亚的east→easternwest→westernsouth→southern7.在某些名词后加ous构成形容词。如：8.danger危险→dangerous危险的 fame名声→famous著名的【特别提醒：别忘了去掉e】名词加en构成形容词。如：wool羊毛→woolen羊毛的wood木头→wooden木制的gold金子→golden金子般的9.在某些以元音结尾的名词后加an构成形容词。如：Europe（欧洲）→European（欧洲的）10、在某些名词后加ish构成形容词。如：fool傻瓜→foolish愚蠢的 Spain西班牙→Spanish西班牙的【特别提醒：别忘了去掉i】11.数词+名词→构成形容词Afive–yearoldgirl一个五岁的女孩atwostoryhighbuilding一栋两层高的楼房a100meterrace百米赛跑asixfootdeephole一个六英尺深的洞六、名词的构成方法（下次测试）ment表示行为，结果developdevelopment发展agreeagreementness表示状态性质特点awareawarenesscalmcalmnesskindkindnessist表示专家，...人artartistsciencescientistpianopianistion/ation/ition/tion行为attractattractioneducateeducationinviteinvitationer/or/ant...的人employemployersailsailorteachteacheran/ian专长..的人musicmusicianhistoryhistorianity/y性质状态ableabilityhonesthonestyance/ence/ancyency状态existexistence存在age行为状态marrymarriageshortshortagepackpackageship/dom状态friendfriendshipkingkingdomwisewisdomure行为结果exposeexposure暴露failfailure失败小试牛刀1.Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.2.DeLomesupervisedtheprojectfromthe(begin)totheend.Hesaidthespecializedrequirementsofrobotweredemanding.3．Itisonlyfive(minute)walkfromhishousetotheoffice,soMrBrownseldomdrivestowork.4．Anewstudylooksatpeoplearoundtheworldtoseeiftheyfollowtheir(doctor)advice.5．Theythrowanythingintotheir(stomach),eatingsomethingcarelesslyandhurriedly.6．Recent(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.7．Withoutthepropertreatment,minor(injury)orburnscouldleadtomoresufferingandevenlossoflives.8．TheywerethekindthatIdidnothaveinmy(collect)soIplacedthemcarefullyinmybag.9.Thebookgivesadetailed(explain)oftheorigin,theprocessingskillsandtheclassificationoftea.10．Wefirstattendedtheopeningparade,forwhichourclasshadmadealotof(prepare)考情分析语法填空常考考点1.名词的数（限定词+n.注意提示词some,many,more,alotof等）2.名词的格（‘s所有格；of所有格；to所有格）3.and并列结构(both...and/notonly...butalso...)4.冠词+n.+of结构5.词性转换6.adj.+n7.介词+名词8.among+名词复数；oneofthe+最高级+名词复数;other+名词复数完形填空常考考点1.名词词义辨析2.名词或同义词复现解题方法1.根据提示词和设空处的句法功能提示词不是名词，设空处在句中作主语，宾语时，一般认为设空处为名词提示词是名词，设空后也为名词，需用所有格形式作定语。2.如何判断名词的数根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式。不定冠词后用名词的单数形式由these,those,several,afew,many,all,both,apairof,avarietyof,many或two及两个以上的数词修饰的时候，名词用复数形式。名词前有oneof,among时，用名词复数形式根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式。如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are,设空处作主语时，要考虑名词的复数形式。根据常识和句意确定名词的单复数形式。真题练习1.Second,whattheyreadinbookscanleaveadeeper___________(impress)onthem.（2015中考）2.Hetookthemoneyandputabagofchopsinthe___________(dog)mouth.（2016中考）3.Thewordsofthegardenerwarmmewith__________(please).（2017中考）4.Therearemorejob_________(chance)herethaninanyothercountryintheworld.（2018中考）5.Whatabigmesstwo__________(dog)wouldmade!（2019中考）6.Everylifeshouldbefreeandtheyareour___________(friend).（2020中考）7.XubegantotranslateChinesepoetryintobothEnglishand__________(France)whenhewasstillateenager.（2021中考）8.LangLangisoneoftheleading_________(musician)intheclassicalmusicworld.

（2022中考）模拟练习1.Althoughtherearelotsof____________(difficult),theynevergiveup.（2022红岭三模）2.Thecountry’skingmadea________(decide)toholdacontesttofindoutwhichonewasbetter.（2022福田外国语三模）3.Besides,thekiteswereindifferent________(style),makingmethodsanddecorations(装饰),littlelanternsaretiedtothekite.（2022龙华外国语三模）4.By2050therewillbetoomanypeopleontheEarthandover100millionpeoplelivingontheMoonandother________(planet).（2022罗湖三模）5.It’sbeenalongtimesinceIreadthebook,butIstillremembersomeofits_______(lesson).（2022南山麒麟三模）6.Itissaidthattheliterary(文学的)________(art)ofancientChinawereinspiredeitherbyteaorbywine.（2022深实验三模）7.Iliketaking______(photo)verymuch.（2022宝安三模）8.Therearemanydifferent______(idea)amongdifferentpeople.(2022平湖三模）9.Accordingtolocalauthorities,oneofthelatest____________(d