2023学士学位英语考试阅读理解模拟试题讲解

2023学士学位英语考试阅读理解

模拟试题讲解

ReadingComprehension(40points)

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachofthepassageis

followedby5questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem

therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestoneand

markyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

Passage1

Humanneedsseemendless.Whenahungrymangetsameal,he

beginstothinkaboutanovercoat;whenamanagergetsanewsports

car,abighouseandpleasureboatsdanceintoview.

Themanyneedsofmankindmightberegardedasmakingupseveral

levels.Whenthereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofneeds,

anotherlevelappears.

Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevel

issatisfied,thesecondlevelofneeds,clothingandsomesortof

shelter,appears.BytheendofWorldWarII,theseneedswere

satisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thenathirdlevel

appeared.Itincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.

By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofneedswasfairlywellsatisfied.Then,

inthelate1950s,afourthlevelofneedsappeared:the"lifeenriching"

level.Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction,thatis,the

feeding,comfort,safety,andtransportation,thislevelstressesmental

needsforrecognition,achievement,andhappiness.Itincludesa

varietyofgoodsandservices,manyofwhichcouldbecalled"luxury"

items.Amongthemarevacationtrips,thebestmedicalanddental

care,andrecreation.Alsoincludedherearefancygoodsandthe

lateststylesinclothing.

Onthefourthlevel,alotofmoneyisspentonservices,whileonthe

firstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Willconsumersraisetheir

sightstoafifthlevelofneedsastheirincomeincreases,orwillthey

continuetodemandluxuriesandpersonalservicesonthefourth

level?

Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbeachievedbest

bycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxesto

payforgovernmentactionagainstdisease,ignorance,crim,and

prejudice.Afterfillingourstomachs,ourclothesclosets,ourgarages,

ourteeth,andourminds,wenowmayseektoensurethehealth,

safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirst

fourlevels.

1.Accordingtothepassage,manwillbegintothinkaboutsuch

needsashousingandclothingonlywhen.

A.hehassavedupenoughmoney

B.hehasgrowndissatisfiedwithhissimpleshelter

C.hehassatisfiedhishunger

D.hehaslearnedtobuildhouses

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbytheendofWorldWar

II,mostAmericans.

A.wereveryrich

B.livedinpoverty

C.hadthegoodthingsonthefirstthreelevels

D.didnotownautomobiles

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedto"physicalsatisfaction"?

A.Asuccessfulcareer.

B.Acomfortablehome.

C.Agoodmeal.

D.Afamilycar.

4.Whatisthemainconcernofmanonthefourthlevel?

A.Themoregoodsthebetter.

B.Themorementalsatisfactionthebetter.

C.Themore“luxury“itemsthebetter.

D.Themoreearningsthebetter.

5.Theauthortendstothinkthatthefifthlevel.

A.wouldbelittlebetterthanthefourthlevel

B.maybealotmoredesirablethanthefirstfour

C.canbethelastandmostsatisfyinglevel

D.willbecomeattainablebeforethegovernmenttakesactions

L［答案］C

【精析】本题答案对应于第一、三段。文章的第一段提到一个人有了吃

的就会想到再要件衣服，第三段又说最基本的需求是食物，这个层次的

需求得到满足后人就会考虑服装和住的地方。综合判断，所以选C,即

他不再饥饿后就会产生对住处和衣服的需求。

2.［答案］D

【精析】文章第三段中说第二次世界大战结束时，对于大多数美国人来

说，食品、服装以及住所的需求都满足了，然后第三个层次的需求，包

括汽车和新房子便出现了。这说明第二次世界大战结束时大多数美国人

还没有汽车。A"很富有"，意思不明。B"生活在贫困中"，不符合文意。

C”满足了前三个层次的需求"，也不正确，因为这时第三个层次的需求

才刚刚出现。

3.［答案］A【精析】本题答案对应于文章的第四段，第四段第三行说

physicalsatisfaction包括食物、生活舒适、有安全感、有交通工具，在

B、C、D中都有体现。故选A.

4.［答案］B

【精析1本题答案对应文章第四段，其中第四行thislevel,也就是第四

个层次的需求强调的是精神需求，所以选B.

5.［答案］B

【精析】本题考查考生对作者意思的整体把握。先看A”比第四个层次

要好一些"，意思含糊。C”是最终的、最令人满意的需求层次"，太绝对。

D”在政府采取行动之前就能实现"，不合文意。文章说第五个层次的需

求要通过集体行动实现，即人们付钱给政府，让其对抗疾病、愚昧、犯

罪与不公。可见这要在政府采取行动后实现。而B的意思是"比前四个

层次的需求更值得拥有"，这是正确的。

Passage2

Inthesamewaythatachildmustbeabletomovehisarmsandlegs

beforehecanlearntowalk,thechildmustphysiologicallybecapable

ofproducingandexperiencingparticularemotionsbeforethese

emotionscanbemodifiedthroughlearning.Psychologistshave

foundthattherearetwobasicprocessesbywhichlearningtakes

place.Onekindoflearningiscalled"classicalconditioning".This

occurswhenoneeventorstimulusisconsistentlypairedwithor

followedby,arewardorpunishment.Itisthroughclassical

conditioningthatachildlearnstoassociateshismother'sfaceand

voicewithhappinessandlove,forhelearnsthatthispersonprovides

foodandcomfort.Negativeemotionsarelearnedinasimilarfashion.

Thesecondkindoflearningiscalled"operantconditioning".This

occurswhenanindividuallearnstodothingsthatproducerewardsin

hisenvironmentandlearnsnottodothingsthatproduce

punishments.Forexample,ifamotheralwaysattendstoherbaby

whenhecriesandcuddleshimuntilheisquiet,shemayteachhim

thatifhecrieshewillgetattentionfrommother.Thus,thebabywill

learntoincreasehiscryinginordertohavehismothermore.

Everyday,wegrowandhavenewexperiences.Weconstantlylearn

byreading,watchingtelevision,interactingwithotherpeople,andso

forth.Thislearningaffectsouremotions.Whyisitthatwelearnto

likesomepeopleanddislikeothers?Ifapersonisnicetous,cares

aboutus,welearntoassociatethispersonwithpositivefeelings,such

asjoy,happiness,andfriendliness.Ontheotherhand,ifapersonis

meantous,doesnotcareaboutus,andevendeliberatelydoes

thingstoharmus,welearntoassociatethispersonwithnegative

feelings,suchasunhappiness,discomfort,andanger.

1.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto.

A.teachchildrenhowtolearntoproduceandexperiencecertain

emotions

B.givethegeneralreaderanaccountoftwobasickindsoflearning

C.giveparentssomeadviceonhowtomodifytheirchildren's

emotionsthroughlearning

D.discusswithpsychologistshowpositiveandnegativefeelingsare

produced

2.Ifyourjokesoftenfindareadyechoinaperson,youwilllearn

throughthattellingjokestothispersonisfun,andyouwilltry

withgreatereffortstobehumorousinhispresence.

A.classicalconditioning

B.neitherofthem

C.operantconditioning

D.someothersortsofconditioning

3.Ifachildisbittenorstartledseveraltimesbyadog,hemaylearn

toassociatefurryanimalswithpainorstartleandthusdevelopafear

offurryanimals.Thisisatypicalexampleoflearningthrough.

A.classicalconditioning

B.bothofthem

C.operantconditioning

D.neitherofthem

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthoris.

A.discussinghowwegrowandhavenewexperienceseveryday

B.talkingaboutlearningtomodifyemotionsthroughoperant

conditioning

C.concentratingonlearningbyreading,watchingtelevision,

interactingwithpeople,andsoon

D.usingexamplestofurtherillustratelearningthroughclassical

conditioning

5.Inthefollowingparagraphstheauthorwillmostprobablygoonto

discuss.

A.definitionsofpositivefeelingsandnegativefeelings

B.thethirdkindoflearning

C.furtherexamplesoflearningthroughoperantconditioning

D.noneoftheabove

1.［答案］B

【精析】通读全文可看出，文章主要是关于两个定义的讲述：一种是"经

典性条件反射"，一种是"操作性条件反射”。文章对这两种模式进行了解

释，因此读懂两个定义是非常关键的。所以选B,其他三项均不全面。

2.［答案］C

【精析】二段可知，"operantconditioning"是"learnstodothingsthat

producerewardsinhisenvironmentandlearnsnottodothingsthat

producepunishments."因此题目中的例子是"操作性条件反射"。

3.［答案］A【精析】从文章第一段可知，"classicalconditioning"是"This

occurswhenoneeventorstimulusisconsistentlypairedwithor

followedby,arewardorpunishment."因此题目中的例子是"经典性条

件反射"。

4.［答案］D

【精析】第三段所举例子都是为了进一步说明经典性条件反射。

5.［答案］C

【精析［从文章结构来看，文章一开始就说明了学习的两种模式，而后

又分别定义这两种模式——"经典性条件反射"和"操作性条件反射"。第

三段是举例进一步说明经典性条件反射，由此可以推断下一段将举例进

一步说明操作性条件反射。故选C.

Passage3

Katherinewalkedintoanewspaperoffice,anddemandedtoseethe

editor.Fortunately,theeditorwaspassingtheinquiryofficewhenshe

askedforhim.Seeingshewasagirlofschoolage,hethoughtit

mightofferhimanamusingfiveminutesbetweeninterviews.

Katherinewasveryrudetohimwhenhetoldhertheydidn'taccept

schoolgirls.Shesaidshewassurprisedthattheeditorofagreat

Londonnewspaperdidnotknowhowtobehavelikeagentleman.

Theeditorsatbackinhischairandlaughedheartily.Hehadnever

beenspokentolikethatinhislife.Heratherlikeditforitsnovelty.

Aftersomefurtherconversation,inwhichKatherineattemptedto

persuadehimthatshecoulddoanythinghewanted,fromwritinga

leadingarticletoaserialstory,shesaid:"Iamnotgoingtoleavethis

roomuntilyouputmeonthestaff!"

Thentheeditorhadtospeaktoherratherseriously,andtoldher

whatagreatLondonnewspapermeanttoagirlandhowutterly

ignorantshewasofeverythingthatwouldmakeherusefulasa

journalist.UponthisKatherineburstintotears,andtheeditor,who

haddismissedmanymeninthecourseofhiscareer,walkedupand

downtheroomwonderingwhathecoulddoforthisextraordinary

younggirlwhosetearfuleyesweresofullofdisappointment.

"Lookhere,"hesaid,"ifyoucometomeintwoyears'time,witha

knowledgeofshorthand,andifyoupromisenottoshedtearsonmy

blottingpaper,Iwillgiveyousomethingtodo."

"Really?Ifyoudon'tmind,I'llhaveitinblackandwhite,"saidthegirl.

Theeditorwasstartled.Hebegantothinkthatthisyounggirlwasnot

soyoungasshelooked.Hedraftedoutanagreementforheronthe

lineslaiddownwithagreatdealofsolemnity（严肃）whichhefound

quiteamusing,forhewasconfidentthattheyounggirlmightquite

aswellchangehermindorwouldbeengagedtoaniceboylong

beforetheagreementtookeffect.

1.Therealreasonwhytheeditordecidedtointerviewthegirlwas

thathe.

A.heardheraskingforhimB.wasnotverybusy

C.thoughtitwouldamusehimD.likedtoworkwithyounggirls

2."Heratherlikeditforitsnovelty"meanshelikeditbecauseitwas

A.unusualB.pleasantC.courageousD.friendly

3.Theeditorwalkedupanddowntheroom,becausehewas.

A.ratherangrywithher

B.afraidotherpeoplewouldhearhercrying

C.notsurewhetherheshoulddismissherornot

D.tryingtomakeadecision

4.Astheirconversationcontinued,theeditor.

A.changedhisopinionofthegirlB.grewtiredofher

C.becameannoyedD.thoughtshewastoouneducated

5.Whentheeditordraftedouttheagreementforthegirl,he.

A.hopedthatthiswouldpleasethegirl

B.wishedthatitwouldtakeeffectsoon

C.adoptedaratherseriousattitude

D.didn'tmeanwhathewrote

1.［答案］C

【精析】Seeingshewasagirlofschoolage,hethoughtitmightoffer

himanamusingfiveminutesbetweeninterviews.故选C.

2.［答案］A

【精析】Hehadneverbeenspokentolikethatinhislife.Herather

likeditforitsnovelty.根据上下文推测只有unusual正确。

3.［答案］D

【精析】walkedupanddowntheroomwonderingwhathecoulddo

forthisextraordinaryyounggirlwhosetearfuleyesweresofullof

disappointment.此题要读出wondering后面的意思，因此选D.

4.［答案］A

【精析】Theeditorwasstartled.Hebegantothinkthatthisyounggirl

wasnotsoyoungasshelooked.从编辑见到这个女孩刚开始的应付

状态，到最后这个编辑对女孩的谈吐很吃惊，考虑给她一个答复，可以

看出编辑逐步改变对这个女孩的认识及看法。

5.［答案］D

【精析】文章最后结尾forhewasconfidentthattheyounggirlmight

quiteaswellchangehermindorwouldbeengagedtoaniceboy

longbeforetheagreementtookeffect.表明TD的意思。

Passage4

Likefinefood,goodwritingissomethingweapproachwithpleasure

andenjoyfromthefirsttastetothelast.Andgoodwriters,likegood

cooks,donotsuddenlyappearfullblown.Quitethecontrary,justas

thecookhastoundergoanintensivetraining,masteringtheskillsof

histrade,thewritermustsitathisdeskanddevotelonghoursto

achievingastyleinhiswriting,whateveritspurpose—schoolwork,

mattersofbusiness,orpurelysocialcommunication.Youmaybesure

thatthemorepainstakingtheeffort,themoreeffectivethewriting,

andthemorerewarding.

Therearestillsomeremoteplacesintheworldwhereyoumightfind

apublicscribetodoyourbusinessorsocialwritingforyou,forafee.

Thereareafewmanagerswhoareluckyenoughtohavetheservice

ofthatrarekindofsecretarywhocantakecareofallsortsofletter

writingwithnomorethanaquicknotetoworkfrom.Butformostof

us,ifthereisanywritingtobedone,wehavetodoitourselves.

Wehavetowriteschoolpapers,businesspapersorhomepapers.We

areconstantlycalledontoputwordstopaper.Itwouldbedifficultto

countthenumberofsuchwords,messages,letters,andreportsput

intothemailsordeliveredbyhand,butthedailyfiguremustbe

enormous.Whatismore,everyonewhowritesexpects,oratleast

hopes,thathiswritingwillberead.Wewanttoarouse（弓I起）and

holdtheinterestofthereaders.Wewantwhateverwewritetobe

read,fromfirstwordtolast,notjustthrownintosome"letterstobe

read"fileorintoawastepaperbasket.Thisisthereasonwebendour

effortstowardlearningandpracticingtheskillsofinteresting,

effectivewriting.

1.Inthispassage,goodwritingiscomparedtofinefoodbecause

A.bothwritersandcookshavetoworklonghourseveryday

B.bothareessentialtolife

C.bothareenjoyable

D.bothwritersandcookscanearnagoodliving

2.Apublic"scribe"(Para.2)is.

A.asecretarywhodoesyourbusinessorsocialwriting

B.amachinethatdoeswritingforyou

C.apublicschoolwherewritingistaught

D.apersonwhoearnsalivingbywritingforothers

3.Accordingtothepassage,somemanagersdon'thavetodoany

letterwriting