2024届湖南省邵阳市高三上学期第一次联考（一模）英语试题

2024年邵阳市高三第一次联考试题卷英语本试卷8页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡上“条形码粘贴区”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，只交答题卡，试题卷自行保存。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthechairmadeof?A.Wood. B.Metal. C.Plastic.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanthinkofthefoodintherestaurant?A.Boring. B.Special. C.Great.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthemancomefrom?A.NewYork. B.Washington. C.LosAngeles.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatisthenextTVprogram?A.Thenews. B.Aquizshow. C.Adocumentaryaboutanimals.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wherearethespeakers?A.Inalibrary. B.Inabookstore. C.Atacoffeeshop.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Cooking. B.Working. C.Eating.7.Whatwasputontheman’sfinger?A.Cream. B.Bandage. C.Ice.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whodoesthebookbelongto?A.David. B.Mary. C.Nancy.9.Whatcanbeknownaboutthebook?A.Itsellsverywell.B.Itcanbefoundinafewbookstores.C.Thebookisaimedatstudents.10.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Lookforthebookinabookstore.B.GiveMaryacall.C.Bringthebookrightnow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheskiplace?A.Thesnowisnotgood. B.It’sverycrowded. C.She’sbeentotheplacetwice.12.Whatdidthestupidskierdotothewoman?A.Hetookapictureofher. B.Hestolehernewgloves. C.Hedroveherintoatree.13.Howcanthewomanrecognizethestupidskier?A.Byhisclothing. B.Byhiscrazylaugh. C.Byhishairandeyes.14.Whatistheendofthestory?A.Thespeakersfindtheybothlikejazz.B.Themanseemstobethestupidskier.C.Themanwillteachthewomantoski.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】15Wherearethetwospeakers?A.Inacar. B.Inatrain. C.Inabus.16.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Atraveltoanewcity. B.Alightrailtrain. C.Atrafficaccident.17Whooperatesthetrain?A.Theman. B.Thetrainitself. C.Operators.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Howoldisthespeakernow?A.12yearsold. B.15yearsold. C.17yearsold.19.WhatdidLisasaywhenshewasinvitedtoamovie?A.Shehadtostudy.B.Shehadwatchedthemovie.C.Shehadtoseeanotherfriend.20.WhatdoweknowaboutthewomanandLisanow?A.Theyhardlyseeeachother.B.Theyremaintobegoodfriends.C.Theyhavefewerfriends.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWelcometoAmericanUnitedTravelCompany.We’llhelpyouspendaperfectholiday.Forover6years,wehavebeenorganizingvalueformoneysummerholidays,whetherit’salateholidaydealoryourmainsummerholiday.Whetheryou’relookingforaromanticgetaway,aluxury5-starholiday,oryoujustwanttorelaxandsoakupthesun,we’vegotaccesstotheverybestflightandhoteldealsthroughouttheworld.Weareproudtoofferyouvariousservicesunlikeothertourcompanieswhereweofferone-stopshopforcompletetourism.OurServicesIncludeTours.Meet&AssistServices.AirportTransfer.MICE(Meeting,Incentive,Conferences,Exhibitions)privateJets.Groundhandling(24hours)VIPservicesonarrival&departure.AdventureTour.MeansofTransportationReservationsWeoperateforallmeansoftransportationavailableinthecountry,startingwithbusesforgroupstocarrentaltoindividuals.GuidanceWehavethemostqualifiedguideswhospeakFrench,English,German,Italian,andSpanish.Webankontheircommunicationskillsaswellastheirknowledgeinvariousfields.FancyDinnersWeprepareoutdoordinnersinparticularplacessuchascastles,beaches,oldandtraditionalhouses,etc.Usually,thesedinnersarearrangedaccordingtotheclients’choices.LuggageConciergeDon’tworryaboutluggagesizeandweightwhentravelling.GiveyourbagstoLuggageConciergeinadvanceandtheywillbewaitingforyouatyourdestinationwhenyouarrive.Calloneofourexperiencedtravelconsultantsoosecureoneofthesefantasticdeals.21.WhatisspecialaboutUnitedTravelcompany?A.Itprovidesone-stopcompletetourism. B.Itsuppliesthebestflightandhotels.C.Itofferstransferservice. D.Itsguidesspeakvariouslanguages.22.Whatcanyoudowithyourluggagebeforetravelling?A.Sendittoyourdestinationdirectly. B.Carryitbyyourself.C.Keepitaslightaspossible. D.HandittoLuggageConcierge.23.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Todiversifytheeconomy. B.Toattracttourists.C.Toconservetheenvironment. D.Toentertainreaders.BEverwonderwhathappenstospacecraftaftertheygetlaunchedtospace?Well,thatiswheremyjobasaninstrumentoperationengineercomesin.Myjobconsistsofplanning,generating,andoperatingscientificinstrumentsin-flight.IamgratefulforhavingworkedonmissionsatSaturn,theMoon,andourownplanetEarth.WhenIwasahigh-schooler,IwasunsureofwhatcollegeIwantedtoattend,orwhatmajorIwantedtochoose.AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.Thepassionatestudentsandboundlessopportunitiesdevelopedafeelingofbelonginginmethatledmetoapplyandeventuallygetaccepted.ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.Whenpeoplethinkofthespaceindustry,theypicturetheouterreachesofoursolarsystem.Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome—Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.ThehighlightofmycareerhasbeenwitnessingtheendoftheCassinimissiontoSaturn.AndwhentheCassinispacecrafthadrunoutoffuel,Iquicklylearnedthatitwasnotjusttheendofthemission,buttheendofateam.ThenightwewatchedwithbittersweetlongingasitssignalfadedtonothingissomethingthatIwillalwayskeepinmymemories.AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.Myfriendsoftenaskwhyagirlcouldachieveallthese.Ialwaysgrewupabigfanoffiction.Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.24.WhydidtheauthorapplytoMIT?A.Shesetthisgoalasahigh-schooler. B.AsummerprogrammadeherloveMIT.C.ThemajorsinMITinterestedher. D.HermotherurgedhertogotoMIT.25.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofheroccupation?A.Sheisproudtoworkforhumanwell-being. B.It’shardforagirltohavesuchacareer.C.Sheisannoyedbybeingmisunderstood. D.It’seasytopredictwhatshedoes.26.WhatdoestheauthortreasuremostintheCassinimission?A.Breathtakingimagesoftheplanet. B.Theopportunitytooperatethecameras.C.Itshistoriccontributions. D.Theteamitbroughttogether.27.Whatcanweincludefromthestory?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Wellbegunishalfdone.C.Nowayisimpossibletocourage. D.Timelostcannotbewonagain.CListeningtoanaudiobook(有声书)beforebedaffectsaperson’sbrainactivityaftertheynodoffaswellasthecontentoftheirdreams.Betterunderstandingthiseffectcouldhelptreatcertainmentalhealthconditionsbytargetingmemoryprocessingduringsleep.Whenwesleep,ourbrainspontaneously(自发地)“replays”,orreactivatespatternsofelectricalactivitythatarerelatedtolearningtotransferimportantnewinformationtolong-termmemorystorage.Ithasbeensuggestedthatdreamsmayreflectthisreactivation,butexactlyhowisunclear.Toinvestigate,DenizKumralattheUniversityofFreiburg,Germany,andhercolleaguesasked20peopletolistentodifferentaudiobooksjustbeforetheywenttosleep.TheseincludedTheMysteryoftheBlueTrainbyAgathaChristieandInkheartbyCorneliaFunke.Amongtheparticipantswhorememberedtheirdreams,theresearcherscouldidentifywhichaudiobookeachhadheardfromtheirdescriptionsofthedreams.Whiletheparticipantsslept,theresearchersalsousedanEEG(脑电图)capthatdetectselectricalactivitytorecordtheirbrainwaves.Thisshowedthatthewavepatternsduringtherapideyemovementphaseofsleep,whendreamsoccurred,weremoresimilarbetweenthosewhohadheardthesameaudiobookthanthosewhohadhearddifferentones,suggestingthatthelisteningexperienceshapedthebrainactivity.Furtheranalysisofthepatternsrevealedthathigh-frequencybetawaves—between18and30hertz—weremoststronglyassociatedwiththeparticipantsrecallingtheaudiobook-relatedcontentoftheirdreams.Thefindingssuggestthatdailylifeexperiencescanshapedreamcontentviamemoryreactivation,accordingtotheresearchers.Butwhiledreamingmayserveadistinctpurposeinmemoryformation,itcouldalsobeaby-productofmemoryprocessing.“Daytimeexperiencesarerarelyreplayedasexperienced,butarealmostalwaysmodifiedorsurfaceindifferentcontexts,”saysKumral.“Individualswithcertainpsychologicalconditionsormentalproblemsmightbenefitfromtailoredstrategiesthatenhancememoryprocessingortreatdisordersofdreamingduringsleep,potentiallycontributingtoimprovedmentalandemotionalhealth.”28Whatdidtheresearchersasktheparticipantstodo?A.Recordtheirdreamseverynight. B.Listentoaudiobooksduringtheday.C.Listentoaudiobooksjustbeforesleep. D.WearanEEGcapduringtheday.29.WhydidDenizKumralandhercolleaguesdotheresearch?A.Toknowhowpeopleprocessinformation.B.Tofindoutthecontentsofpeople’sdreams.C.Torevealthesecretofimprovingpeople’smemory.D.Toinvestigatehowdreamsreplaypatternsofelectricalactivity.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modified”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Changed. B.Stored C.Strengthened. D.Forgotten.31.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?AListeningexperiencesinfluencingbrainactivityB.Listeningtoaudiobooksbeforebedshapingone’sdreamC.TheimportanceofdreamsinmemoryformationD.IntegrationofdailyexperiencesintodreamsDSomepeopleworrythatthere’stoomuchtechnologyinourlives.Andtheymayhaveapoint,givenhowcountlesspeoplenowcarrytheinternetaroundintheirpocketanduseitasaprimaryformofcommunication.It’spracticallydifficulttoshuntechnologyinourworld.Therearecomputermicrochips(微芯片)inourwatches,ourcars,lightswitches,evenourpets!Wherewillitend?Well,ifcertainpeoplehavetheirway,it’llgoevenfurther.We’llhavemicrochipsimplanted(植入)intoourbrainsthatcaninteractwiththecomputersbythoughtalone.Itmaysoundlikesomethingfromthesciencefiction,butinmanyways,thingslookquitepromising.Thankstotheabilitytosendandreceiveinformationremotelyviacomputers,microchipsandotherrelateddeviceshavelongbeenputintobrains.Forexample,electrodeshavebeenimplantedinthebrainsofepilepsypatientstobetterrecordandevenpredicttheabnormalneurologicalactivity.Similarly,deep-brainstimulation,throughimplanteddevicesthatcauseactivityinkeybrainregions,isanestablishedtreatmentforthingslikeParkinson’sdisease,andisevenbeinglookedintoforillnesseslikedepression.However,it’sanotherthingtoplacesuchdevicesinhealthyindividuals.Therearethepracticalconcerns,notleastofwhichiswhatthesechipswillbemadeof.Theinsideofthebrainisamassofhighlyreactivechemicalsandelectricalactivity.Implantswouldneedtobeinert(静止的)enoughtonotupsetthedelicateprocessesbytheirpresence,butalsosensitiveenoughtoreadandprocesstheactivityaroundthem.Currenttechnologyhasmadeimpressiveprogresswiththis,butifitweretoberolledouttomillionsofpeople,we’dneedtobe100percentcertainthatit’ssafe.Howmanypeoplewillactuallywanttohavetechnologyliterallyputintotheirbrain?Asurprising60percentofAmericanssaythey’dbeokaywithit,butthat’swhenit’spurelytheoretical.Inreality,thepossibilityofhavingstrangersstickchipsinyourbrainislikelytoproveunattractive,especiallyforapopulationwheremillionsgetmadatfictionalmicrochipsinvaccines(疫苗),andevenmorearefrightenedofdentists.Ultimately,thetechnologyofcomputer-braininterface(接口)implantsisstillfarawayfromus.32.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Asummaryofthearticle. B.Anintroductiontothemaintopic.C.Anoverviewofthewholearticle. D.Anargumentoverthemaintopic.33.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph3?A.Theprocessofhuman-computerinteraction.B.Thepossibletreatmentforparticulardiseases.C.Thefutureofmicrochipsanddevicesalike.D.Theexistingapplicationofmicrochipimplants.34.HowmaymostAmericansreacttoimplantingchipsinthebraininreality?A.Theymayrejectit. B.Theymayexpectit.C.Theymayadjusttoit. D.Theymayfeelcuriousaboutit.35.Whichwordcanbestdescribethetechnologyofcomputer-braininterfaceimplants?A.Imaginary. B.Practical. C.Unfulfilled. D.Impossible.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Roadsystemsarenecessaryforpublictransport.Streetnetworkisindeedconvenientforhumans.Butroadsandhighwayshavedonemoreharmthangoodtoanimals.Everyweek,millionsofwildanimalsdiefromvehiclecollisions(碰撞).Despitethenumerousroadsigns,theincreasingnumberofanimalroadkillskeepsonincreasingeachyear.Eversinceroadsystemswereconstructed,animalshavebeenexposedtodangerfrommovingfromoneplacetoanother.___36___Wildlifecrossingsareintheformofbridges,overpassesandunderpasstunnels.___37___Withthesesaferoutes,wildanimalswon’thavetoaccessthebusyroadsandhighwaysanymore.Theycansafelycrossoverorunderthesestructurestomoveontotheirpath.Thefirstwildlifecrossingevermadewasintheformofbridgesforanimals.Inthe1950’s,Franceconstructedseveralanimalbridgestoprotectbothanimalsandhumansfromvehiclecollisions.___38___ApartfromFrance,theNetherlandsalsofeatures600overpassesandecoducts(生态通道)fordeer,boars,andbadgers.Asamatteroffact,theNetherlandstakesprideinhavingthelongestwildlifeoverpassintheworld.TheNatuurbrugZanderijCrailoostretches800metersinlength,overpassingthemassiveN525roadwayandnearbyraillines.___39___Therecouldbeafewunintendedconsequencesofthewildlifecrossingsbasedontheirdesign.Thebridgescanincreasethespreadofinvasive(入侵的)species,forexample.Predation(捕食)ratescouldincreaseasthepredatorscaneasilyhuntdowntheprey(捕获物)throughthebridges.However,theimportanceofecologicalcrossingscannotbedenied.Regardlessofthenegativeimpacts,theyplayavitalroleinthepreservationandrestorationofhabitatandspecies.___40___A.Diseasesmayalsousethecrossingstospread.B.Thewildlifebridgescanhavenegativeresultsaswell.C.Europesurelyleadsthewayintermsofwildlifebridges.D.Thesecrossingsareusedbyanincreasingnumberofmammals.E.Thesestructuresprovidesafepassagewaysforpassinganimals.F.Moreecoductsshouldbebuilttoprovideasafespaceforthespecies.G.Forthisreason,wildlifebridgesarebuilttoallowwildanimalstocrossman-maderoadssafely.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ChrisSmithlookedlikeanyotheryoungboyinhisclassexceptfortheconstantevictions(驱赶),andeventuallybeinghomeless.Chris’fatherwasreckless(鲁莽的)withfinancesand___41___inbusiness.HismothertriedherbesttorunthehomeuntilChris’littlebrotherdrowned,thenhisfatherwenttoprison,andfinallythefamily___42___.“Mymomshutdown___43___.Everythinggotworse,”Chrisremembers.ThenshewasgoneandranawayfromhomewithouttellingChris.Hedidthe___44___hecould,sleepingonhisnewlymarriedsister’ssofa.“Theydidn’thavemuchmoney,andIknowitwasa___45___totakemeinat17yearsold,Iwasgoingto___46___fromschoolandmakeitonmyown.”ButChris’historyteacherhaddifferentideas.WhenChris’___47___begantogodown,she___48___him.“You’rethesmartestkidintheclass,”shetoldhim,“Ifyoudon’tgraduate,you’regoingto___49___it.”“Schoolwasmysafeplace.”Chrissays.Schoolalso____50____himheatandfood.Itbecametheclosestthingtohomehecouldfind____51____tohisfather’soldtruckthatbecamehisbedandhisstudyspace.When____52____came,Chrisearnedafullscholarshiptocollegeandgraduatedinthetop10ofhisclass.Whenit’stimetoapplyformedicalresidencies(住院医生),Chrissethis____53____high.Heappliedforresidenciesaroundthe____54____andincludedtheNo.1programinthenation:JohnsHopkins.Andthenthelettercame.Chriswasin.“Ididn’treallythinkIhadachance.ButIhadlearnedto____55____everythingmybestshot.Lifeisneverfair.Butifyoudon’tgiveup,youwillgiveyourselfabetterchancetomakeit.”Chrissays.41.A.dishonest B.respectable C.worthy D.honest42.A.pulledapart B.setapart C.fellapart D.fellbehind43.A.cautiously B.emotionally C.physically D.happily44.A.least B.most C.worst D.best45.A.profit B.burden C.wealth D.treasure46.A.cutout B.pickout C.dropout D.dropoff47.A.spirit B.health C.emotion D.study48.A.blamed B.cornered C.stopped D.praised49.A.regret B.appreciate C.protest D.complain50.A.provided B.offered C.awarded D.helped51.A.committed B.related C.compared D.devoted52.A.competition B.celebration C.completion D.graduation53.A.scenes B.spots C.views D.sights54.A.country B.city C.world D.college55.A.give B.target C.achieve D.obtain第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HeatableBrickBedsWarmNEChinaHomesInnortheastChina’schillywinter,gettingintoawarmbedismadepossiblebyanancientheatablebrickbedthatcoulddatebackmorethantwothousandyears___56___isstillwidelyusedtoday.Thesebedsnotonlybringwarmthtolocalresidents,butalsocontinuethefolkcultureofnortheastChina.Thebedismadeofbricksorotherformsoffiredclaywith___57___widthofabout1.7mto2.3mandalengththatcanbedeterminedaccordingtothelengthofthebedroom.ItusesaductedheatingsystemsimilartotheRomanhypocaust,___58___(compose)ofastove,abedandachimney.Thestove___59___(use)toburnfirewood.Smokeandheatgeneratedbyburningfirewoodpassthroughaninternalhollowandcurvedfluesystemtoheatthebedabove.Smokeiseventuallydischargedoutwardthroughthechimney.Thebedretainsheatwell,___60___enablespeople___61___(have)acomfortablesleepingenvironmentinthecoldwinter.Inaddition,___62___(sleep)ontheheatablebrickbedforaprolongedperiodisgoodfortheblood___63___(circulate)andmetabolismofthebody,andcanrelievesomediseasessuchasarthritisandwaistandlegpain.Theheatablebrickbedisnotonlyusedasabed,butalsoalivingareaforthefamily.People___64___(routine)havetheirmealsandfamily____65____(gathering)onthebedincoldwinters.Thebedisasymbolofhomethatembodiestheemotionandlovetheyfeeltowardstheirfamilies.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)66.假定你是李华，得知当地民俗博物馆正在招聘英文志愿者，你很感兴趣。请写一封申请信，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.个人优势；3.表达期待。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dearsir,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节(满分25分)67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Iwasanextremelyshygirlinprimaryschoolandcouldn’tmakefriendseasily.Myteacher,Mr.Doocy,calledmymotherandexplainedthatIhadn’tspokenasinglewordinclass.Andweweremorethanhalfwaythroughtheschoolyear.Evenasalittlegirl,Iknewthiswasunusual.Iwatchedthefreeandhappyinteractionofmyclassmateswithenvy.MomtriedtoexcusemybehaviorassomethingthatIwouldoutgrow.ButMr.Doocywasstillquiteconcernedaboutme.He