2021新高考英语人教版一轮复习课时作业必修4Unit2Workingtheland

Unit2Workingtheland课时作业Ⅰ.阅读AFamousChineseagriculturalscientistYuanLongpingandhisresearchteam'sexpe－rimentofplantingsaltwater­tolerantriceindesertareasofDubaiintheUnitedArabEmiratesprovedtobeasuccess,withonetypeofriceproducingmorethan7.5tonsperhectare,Xinhuareported.Saltwater­tolerantriceisdesignedtogrowintidalflatsorotherareaswithheavysaltcontent.Itwastheworld'sfirstsuccessfulcaseofplantingriceinatropicaldesertarea,standingasChina'scontributiontoimprovingtheabilityofpeopleindesertareastobeself­sufficientinmainfoods,amovethatcanprotectglobalfoodsecurityandimprovethedesertecologicalenvironment.Thetechnologyofsaltwater­tolerantriceplaysakeyroleinthesuccessasthenaturalenvironmentoftheDubaidesertisterribleforricegrowth.Thedaytimetemperaturescouldbeashighasover50℃，andnighttimetemperaturescoulddropby30℃.Humiditystaysbelow20percentandtherearesandstormsfromtimetotime.Thebiggestchallengeisthedesertsoil,whichislowinorganicmatterandunabletokeepsoilmoistureasitistotallysand.Tomakeitworse,seawaterremainsjust7.5metersbelowthesoil,Withthissuccess,thecenterandtheprivateinvestmentofficeoftheruleroftheEmirateofDubaiplantosetupa100­hectareexperimentalfarmlandinDubai,totesttheproductioncostsandcultivationtechniquesofthesaltwater­tolerantriceandprepareforpromotion.Thetwopartieswillconstructa100­hectarestandardfarmlandin2019andspeedupriceplantingin2020.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国著名农业科学家袁隆平和他的研究团队在阿联酋迪拜沙漠地区成功种植耐盐水水稻。1．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A．Thetropicaldesertareashavedonewellinbeingself­sufficient.B．Chineseteamplayagreatroleinplantingsaltwater­tolerantriceindesertareas.C．Plantingsaltwater­tolerantricecanbeeasilyachievedinmanytropicaldesertareas.D．Saltwater­tolerantriceisdesignedtogrowinareaswithheavysaltcontent.答案：B细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，耐盐水水稻是为在滩涂或其他含盐量大的地区种植而设计的，是世界上第一个在热带沙漠地区种植水稻的成功案例，这是中国对提高沙漠地区人民自足能力的贡献。故选B。2．What'sthemostdifficultthingforricegrowthinDubaidesert?A．Itsdaytimetemperaturecouldbeupto50℃B．It'sjust6.5metersabovetheseawaterandeasytobefullofsalt.C．Itssoilisshortoforganicmatterandhardtokeepsoilmoisture.D．Itisextremelyexpensivetoconductexperimentsintropicaldesertareas.答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第三段第四句“Thebiggestchallengeisthedesertsoil,whichislowinorganicmatterandunabletokeepsoilmoistureasitistotallysand.”可知，最大的挑战是沙漠土壤，它有机质含量低，不能保持土壤水分，因为它完全是沙子。故选C。3．Whatcanwelearnaboutthesaltwater－tolerantriceaccordingtothepassage?A．Thenaturalenvironmentisthekeyfactorofthesuccessoftheexperiment.B．Dubaistillhasalottodobeforethesaltwater­tolerantricebenefitsotherareas.C．Noevaluationwillbeperformedagainastheexperimenthasbeensuccessful.D．TheruleroftheEmirateofDubaithinkslittleoftheresultoftheexperiment.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可知，随着这一成功，该中心和迪拜的私人投资办公室计划在迪拜建立一个100公顷的试验田，以测试耐盐水水稻的生产成本和种植技术，并为进一步推广做准备。由此可推知，在使耐盐水水稻能造福于其他地区之前，迪拜还有很多需要做的。故选B。4．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．TheUnitedArabEmiratestriestoimprovethedesertecologicalenvironment.B．TheUnitedArabEmirateshasbeguntoplantsaltwater­tolerantrice.C．Thericeexperimentisofgreatimportanceforthetropicaldesertareas.D．Chineseteamsucceedsinplantingsaltwater­tolerantriceinDubai'sdesert.答案：D主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了中国著名农业科学家袁隆平和他的研究团队在阿联酋迪拜沙漠地区成功种植耐盐水水稻。故选D。【词汇积累】①hectaren.公顷②tidaladj.潮汐的；有潮的③cultivation耕种；种植；栽培④speedup(使)加速【长难句分析】Thebiggestchallengeisthedesertsoil,whichislowinorganicmatterandunabletokeepsoilmoistureasitistotallysand.最大的挑战是沙漠土壤，它有机质含量低，不能保持土壤水分，因为它完全是沙子。分析：此句是主从复合句。whichislowinorganicmatterandunabletokeepsoilmoisture是非限制性定语从句修饰先行词thedesertsoil；在该定语从句中，asitistotallysand是原因状语从句。B(2019·辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校五模)AninternationalgroupofcoffeeexpertshasconsideredEthiopia'scoffeeasthebestintheworld.Coffeeisatopexportofthecountry.Butathome,itisseenasnationalpride.Ethiopiansfeelgoodabouttheircoffee,andenjoyingadrinkwithfriendsisalongtradition.Internationalcoffeeexpertstraveltheworldtofindthebestcoffee.TheykeepreturningtoEthiopia.Somepeoplesaytheclimateproducesqualitybeans.MortonWennerisacoffeeimporter.Hesaid,“Ethiopiahasdifferentancienttypesofcoffee.Theyareplantedinplaceswithperfectsoil,perfectaltitude,andclimatesthatarereallysuitableforcoffeeprocessing,suchasdryingandthingslikethat.”Findingthebestqualitybeansisoftenanissueoftaste.Theprocessisknownascupping—tastingandparingcoffeefromdifferentroastedbeans,gradingandthenpricingthem.Butbeforeinternationalexpertsetotaste,coffeebeansarestudiedinsmallcoffeelaboratories.HelenAssefa,alabtechnician,describestheprocess,“Whenthecoffeeestothelab,weassessitsqualityfirstbyrecordingthedetails.Thenweweighthewetnesslevelandscreenthebeansforanalysis.Afterthatwepolishthecoffeebeansandtastethesamples.Attheendwecheckforimperfectbeans.”Ethiopiaismakingbigprofitsonitscoffeereputationbyexportingcoffeetomorethan120countries.Thecountryhasanexportineofmorethan$840millionayear.ButnotallthebestcoffeeleavesEthiopia.Fortypercentofthecoffeegrowninthecountrystaysthere.Itremainsanimportantpartofeverydaylifeatwork,athomeandatceremoniesjusttocelebratethatspecialcup.篇章导读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。文章主要介绍了专家是如何确定埃塞俄比亚的咖啡是最佳的。5．WheredoestheEthiopian'spridemainlyefrom?A．Traditionalpractices. B．Foodexport.C．Internationalexperts. D．Bestcoffee.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段前三句可知，埃塞俄比亚的咖啡是民族骄傲，是最好的咖啡。故选D。6．Ethiopiaproducesbestcoffeebecauseof.A．thespecialcoffeetasteB．thelong­standingtraditionC．thesatisfactorymildclimateD．thefavorablegrowingenvironment答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，当地种植出高质量的咖啡豆是由于有利的成长环境。故选D。7．Whichofthefollowingdescribestheprocessofstudyingcoffeebeansinthelab?a．polishandtasteb．weighthedampnesslevelc．recordqualityfactsd．analyzethebeanse．checkforimperfectionA．d－c－b－a－e B．c－b－d－a－eC．e－c－a－b－d D．c－d－a－b－e答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段中HelenAssefa说的话可知，咖啡豆一进实验室，首先详细记录咖啡的情况，鉴定咖啡的品质。然后检查它的湿度，筛检后进行分析。随后磨碎咖啡豆，品尝样品。最后去除不好的咖啡豆。故选B。8．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．CoffeeisessentialinEthiopians'dailylives.B．CoffeeisthemostprofitableindustryinEthiopia.C．MostofthecoffeeproductionremainsinEthiopia.D．Ethiopiansoftenholdceremoniestocelebrateharvest.答案：A细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知，在埃塞俄比亚，咖啡是人们日常生活非常重要的一部分。故选A。【词汇积累】①altituden.海拔②polishvt.擦光；磨光③reputationn.名誉；名声【长难句分析】Theyareplantedinplaceswithperfectsoil,perfectaltitude,andclimatesthatarereallysuitableforcoffeeprocessing,suchasdryingandthingslikethat.它们种植在完美的土壤、完美的海拔和非常适合咖啡加工的气候条件下，比如干燥之类等。分析：这是一个主从复合句，that后跟一个定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词climates。C(2020·辽宁省五校协作体高三上学期联合模拟考试)Inalong－sleevedshirtandjeans,DieudonneTwahirwalooksnothinglikethetraditionalAfricanfarmer.The30－year－oldownerofGashoraFarmknowswhatadifferencethatmakes.“Youneedmorerolemodels，”hesaid,standingamongknee－highrowsofchilli(辣椒)plants.“Ifyouhaveyoungfarmers,theyhavelandandtheydrivetothefarm,othersmaythink,‘Whycan'tIdothat？’”MrTwahirwa,auniversitygraduate,boughtafriend'stomatofarmsixyearsagofor$150.Hemade$1,500backintwomonths.“Youhavetolinkfarmingwithentrepreneurshipandrealnumbers，”hesaid.ManyyoungAfricansareabandoningareasinthecountryside,choosingnottoworkhardforalongtimeinthefields—ajobmadetougherbyclimatechange.ButTwahirwaisoneofthegrowingbandofsuccessfulfarmersworkingtomakeagriculture'simageonthecontinentmoreattractive.Some1,000farmersnowproducechilliesforhim.Heisstartingafourthfarmofhisown,andexportsfreshanddriedchilliesandoiltoBritain,theUnitedStates,India,andKenya.Africahastheworld'syoungestpopulationand65percentofitsuncultivatedarableland(耕地后备资源).Yetaccessinglandandloansisdifficult,andAfricanproducti－vityislowwithcropyieldsjust56percentoftheinternationalaverage.“Agricultureismainlyassociatedwithsufferingandnoyoungpersonwantstosuffer，”saidTamaraKaunda.ShebelievesAfricanagricultureneedsachangetogetridofitsold－fashionedimageofveryhardandtiringworkwithahoe.“Showyoungpeopletractors,greenfields,niceirrigationsystemsandsmartphones，”shesaid.Gettingyoungpeopleinvolvedinagriculturedoesnotmeantheyhavetoworkonafarm.Forexample,incoffeeproduction,thebeansgofromthefarmtothewashingstation,thentobeseparatedfromthehusks(外壳).篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。非洲有世界上最年轻的人群与大量的耕地后备资源，但是由于气候与农业技术的落后，很多年轻人都不愿意从事农业。DieudonneTwahirwa则为非洲青年树立了榜样。9．Whatdoes“Whycan'tIdothat？”inParagraph2mean?A．Whycan'tIdrivetothefarm?B．Whycan'ttheyfarm?C．Theyfollowtheexampleofthosefarmers.D．Theyboughtafriend'stomatofarm.答案：C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Ifyouhaveyoungfarmers,theyhavelandandtheydrivetothefarm,othersmaythink,‘Whycan'tIdothat？’”可知，此处表示如果你有年轻的农民，他们有土地，而且开车去农场，其他人可能会想，为什么“我”不能那样做？该句意在表明其他人认为他们可以效仿这些农民的做法。故选C。10．Whatmakesitharderforfarmerstowork?A．Poorland. B．Climate.C．Lowine. D．Longworkinghours.答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ajobmadetougherbyclimatechange”可知，在非洲，让农民的劳动难度更大的原因在于气候变化。故选B。11．WhatcanwelearnaboutTwahirwaaccordingtoParagraph5?A．Hemadeafortunebygrowingchillies.B．Hischilliesaresuperbintheworld.C．Farmersworkingforhimliveasimplelife.D．Thelocalsaren'twillingtobuyhischillies.答案：A推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Some1,000farmersnowproducechilliesforhim.Heisstartingafourthfarmofhisown”可推知，Twahirwa通过种植红辣椒赚了很多钱。故选A。12．WhenitestoagricultureinAfrica,whatdopeoplethinkaboutit?A．Loansaredifficult.B．Mostlandisuncultivated.C．Cropyieldsareratherlow.D．Farmingmethodsareoutofdate.答案：D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Africanagricultureneedsachangetogetridofitsold－fashionedimageofveryhardandtiringworkwithahoe”可知，非洲农业需要改变，以摆脱其传统的形象：使用锄头的非常辛苦和累人的工作。由此可推知，当谈及非洲的农业时，人们想到的是落后的耕作方法。故选D。【词汇积累】①productivityn.生产率；生产效率②yieldn.产量；产出；利润③irrigationn.灌溉④getridof摆脱，除去【长难句分析】Gettingyoungpeopleinvolvedinagriculturedoesnotmeantheyhavetoworkonafarm.让年轻人参与农业并不意味着他们必须在田地工作。分析：此句是复合句。Gettingyoungpeopleinvolvedinagriculture是动名词短语作主语，mean后跟一个省略了that的宾语从句。Ⅱ.语法填空(2020·山东省德州市武城五中高三月考)Iwasreturningtomyhomeandstuckinthetraffic.Amongthebusy1(vehicle)wasanambulance,whosedriverwastrying2(get)outoftrafficjamsandthepatientwasfightingwithhisillness.Somepeopleweregivingspacetotheambulancebutotherswerenot,3showsthattherearegoodpeopleintheworldandthereare4(self)peopleaswell.Iftheambulancecouldnotfindtheway,thepatienthadtorisk5(lose)hislifeontheway.Eachlifeontheearthisimportant,whetheritisahumanbeingorananimal.Whatwillbethedifferenceifwethink6(much)ofothersthan