2023北京高三一模英语汇编：阅读理解D篇

2023北京高三一模英语汇编

阅读理解D篇

一、阅读理解

（2023•北京东城•统考一模）Arguably,thebiggestsciencedevelopmentoftheyearςtodatehasbeenthe

imagesoftheverydepthsoftheuniversetakenbytheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope（JWST）.Thoseimagesbega

comparisonbetweentheexternalandinternaluniversesthatscienceisbentonobservingandunderstanding.

Decadesago,astrophysicistCarlSaganfamouslysaid,ςςTheuniverseisalsowithinis.We,remadeofstar­

stuff.Weareawayfortheuniversetoknowitself.,,Hewascommentingthenontherealitythatourinternal

universewasascomplexandasfantasticastheouterspace.

Therearemanysimilaritiesbetweentheprogresswe,vemadeinunderstandingtheuniverseandinpiecing

togetherlife,sinnerworkings.LikethetechnologicaldevelopmentsthattookusfromGalileo,stelescopetothe

HubbletotheJWST,lifesciencetoolshavealsoimprovedrapidly.Fromearlylightmicroscopestomodernsuper­

resolutionones,thesedevelopmentshaveaffordedresearchersadeeplookintobiology,sinfinitesimal（无限小的）

landscape.Learningthatlivingthingswerecomposedofcellswas,notaterriblylongtimeago,arevolutionary

observation.Sincethen,scientistshavebeenabletodiveeverdeeperintothecomponentsoflife.

Goingbeyondmerelyobservingthecomplicatedmakeupoforganisms,lifescientistscannowdiscoverthe

workingsofmolecules（分子）.Andthatiswherescanningtheuniversediffersfrompeeringintobiology.

Understandingtheuniverse,especiallyfromafunctionalstandpoint,isnotnecessarilyanimmediateurgency.

Understandingbiologyonthatlevelis.Simplyobservingtheamazinginternalstructureofcellsisnotenough.

Biologistsmustalsocharacterizehowallthosepartsinteractandchangeindifferentenvironmentsandwhenfaced

withvariouschallenges.Beingabletoimageavirusorbacteriumisniceatthelevelofbasicscience.Butknowing

howvirusesgainentryintocellsandspread,infect,anddisablecanliterallysavelives.Throughtime,biologyhas

risentothismechanisticchallenge.Notonlycanlifesciencetoolsproduceimagesofcellcomponents,evenmore

importantly,theycanhelppredicttheeffectsofdrugsonreceptors,ofimmunecellsonforeigninvaders（入侵者），

andofgeneticperturbations（基因干扰）ondevelopmentandaging.

Thisisnottobelittletheworkofscientistsresearchingintouniverse.Theyshouldrightlybepraisedfor

deliveringviewsofimpossiblydistant,impossiblymassivephenomena.Myaimistocelebratethese

accomplishmentswhileatthesametimerecognizingthatscience,sinwardsearchfordetailandinsightisequally

impressiveand,inmyview,moreurgent.Theoutputofboththeoutwardandinwardexplorationsshouldstimulate

wonderineveryone.Afterall,it,sallstar-stuff.

1.WhydoestheauthorquoteCarlSagan,scommentinParagraph2?

A.Tointroducethebackground.B.Toproveanassumption.

C.Tomakeacomparison.D.Topresentanidea.

2.Likethestudyoftheuniverse,lifesciencehasbeenadvancingin.

A.studyapproachesB.systemmanagement

C.researchfacilitiesD.technologyintegration

3.WecaninferfromParagraph4thatbiologists,workis.

A.practicalB.riskyC.flexibleD.popular

4.Asforlifescience,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Ithasreceiveduniversalrecognition.B.Itshouldenjoypriorityindevelopment.

C.Itcanbeappliedinthemajorityofareas.D.Itismorecomplicatedthanspacescience.

（2023•北京西城•统考一模）Technologyseemstodiscourageslow,immersivereading.Readingona

screen,particularlyaphonescreen,tiresyoureyesandmakesitharderforyoutokeepyourplace.Soonline

writingtendstobemoreskimmableandlist-likethanprint.ThecognitiveneuroscientistMaryWaltarguedrecently

thatthis“newnorm”ofskimreadingisproducing“aninvisible,game-changingtransfbrmation“inhowreaders

processwords.Theneuronalcircuitthatsustainsthebrain,scapacitytoreadnowfavorstherapidabsorptionof

information,ratherthanskillsdevelopedbydeeperreading,likecriticalanalysis.

Weshouldn,toverplaythisdanger.Allreadersskim.SkimmingistheskillWeacquireaschildrenasweIeam

toreadmoreskillfully.Fromabouttheageofnine,oureyesstarttobouncearoundthepage,readingonlyabouta

quarterofthewordsproperly,andfillinginthegapsbyinference.Noristhereanythingnewinthesefearsabout

decliningattentionspans.Sofar,theanxietieshaveprovedtobefalsealaπns.44Quiteafewcriticshavebeen

worriedaboutattentionspanlatelyandseeveryshortstoriesassignsofculturaldecline,,,theAmericanauthor

SelvinBrownwrote.ςςNooneeversaidthatpoemswereevidenceofshortattentionspans.”

AndyettheInternethascertainlychangedthewayWeread.Forastart,itmeansthatthereismoretoread,

becausemorepeoplethaneverarewriting.Ifyoutimetravelledjustafewdecadesintothepast,youwouldwonder

athowlittlewritingwashappeningoutsideaclassroom.Anddigitalwritingismeantforrapidreleaseandresponse.

Anonlinearticlestartsformingacommentstringunderneathassoonasitispublished.Thismodeofwritingand

readingcanbeinteractiveandfun.Butoftenittreatsotherpeople,swordsassomethingtobequicklyharvestedas

foddertosaysomethingelse.Everyonetalksoverthetopofeveryoneelse,desperatetobeheard.

Perhapsweshouldslowdown.Readingisconstantlypromotedasasocialgoodandsourceofpersonal

achievement.Butthisadvocacyoftenemphasizes“enthusiastic”,“passionate"or"eager“reading,noneofwhich

adjectivessuggestslow,quietabsorption.

Toaslowreader,apieceofwritingcanonlybefullyunderstoodbyimmersingoneselfinthewordsandtheir

slowcomprehensionofalineofthought.TheslowreaderislikeaswimmerWhOstopscountingthenumberofpool

lapshehasdoneandjustenjoyshowhisbodyfeelsandmovesinwater.

Thehumanneedforthiskindofdeepreadingistootenaciousforanynewtechnologytodestroy.Weoften

assumethattechnologicalchangecan,tbestoppedandhappensinonedirection,sothatoldermedialike4ςdead-

tree''booksarekickedoutbynewer,morevirtualforms.Inpractice,oldertechnologiescancoexistwithnewones.

TheKindlehasnotkilledofftheprintedbookanymorethanthecarkilledoffthebicycle.Westillwanttoenjoy

slowly-formedideasandcarefully-chosenwords.Eveninafast-movingage,thereistimeforslowreading.

5.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardsSelvinBrown,sopinion?

A.Favorable.B.Critical.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.

6.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat.

A.advocacyofpassionatereadinghelpspromoteslowreading

B.digitalwritingleadstotoomuchspeakingandnotenoughreflection

C.thepublicshouldbeawareoftheimpactskimminghasonneuronalcircuits

D.thenumberofInternetreadersisdecliningduetotheadvancesoftechnology

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tenacious"inParagraph6probablymean?

A.Comprehensive.B.Complicated.C.Determined.D.Apparent.

8.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SlowReadingIsHeretoStay

B.DigitalTechnologyPreventsSlowReading

C.Screenvs.Print:WhichRequiresDeepReading?

D.ReadingIsNotaRace:TheWonderofDeepReading

（2023•北京海淀•统考一模）AtamuseuminVietnam,LenaBui,sfilmWhereBirdsDanceTheirLast

reflectedonthebeautyandvulnerabilityofVietnamesefeatherfarmsafterBirdFlu.DuringafestivalinRwanda,

EllenReid'saudioexperienceSoundwalkwassharedinahopefuldiscussionaboutmusic,parksandmentalhealth.

TheseareafewofthethingsIhavehelpedbringtolifeovertheyears,workingattheintersectionofscientific

research,theartsandadvocacytosupportscienceinsolvingglobalhealthchallenges.

Scienceiskeytoaddressingtheseissues.Butitisn,ttheonlykey.Toachieveitspotentialandforitsadvances

tobeimplementedandreachallwhocouldbenefit,sciencedependsontrustandgoodrelationships.Peoplemight

notalwaysseescienceasrelevant,trustworthyormeaningfultotheirlives.Therearereasonswhysomeseescience

ashavingaCheqUeredpast,fromnuclearweaponstoeugenics（优生学），andarethereforeuninterestedin,or

suspiciousof,whatitproposes.Othersfeelexcludedbytheincomprehensibilityofhyperspecialistknowledge.

Initscapacitytobuilduponandtestanevidencebase,scienceispowerful,butresearchersandfunders

haven,tbeenasgoodatensuringthisevidencebaserespondstotheneedsandinterestsofdiversecommunities,or

infoπnspolicymakerstotakeaction.Sciencemightbeperceivedasdistancingitselffromthepersonal,thepoetic

andthepolitical,yetitispreciselythesequalitiesthatcanbemostinfluentialwhenitcomestopublicinterestina

topicorhowagovernmentprioritizesadecision.

Amovingstorywelltoldcanbemorememorablethanalistoffacts.Thisiswheretheartscomein.Artistscan

giveusdiferentperspectiveswithwhichtoconsiderandreimaginetheworldtogether.Theycanredressthe

proclaimedobjectivityinsciencebybringingstories-subjectivities-intothepicture,andthesecanhelpfosterasense

ofconnectionandhope.

In2012,Isetupartistresidenciesinmedicalresearchcentresaroundtheworld.BuiwasattachedtotheOxford

UniversityClinicalResearchUnitinVietnam.Theheadoftheresearchteamwasdelighted,findingthatBui,as

aVietnameseartist,hadlicensetobein,andtoshareusefulinsightsfrom,villageswhereinfectiousdisease

researchersweren'twelcome.Sixyearslater,IledWellcome'sContagiousCitiesprogram,whichestablished

artistresidenciesworldwidetosupportlocallyledexplorationsOfepidemicpreparedness.Therecentpandemicmade

thisworkmorenoticeable,andhasinformedourMindscapesprogramwhichiscurrentlysharingexperiencesof

mentalhealththroughtheworkofartists.

Withpandemic,climateandmentalhealthcrisesuponus,risinginequalityandwhatfeelslikean

increasinglybrokenworld,neverhastherebeenmoreneedtobuildandnurturehopefulandimaginativespacesto

growhumanconnectionandsharedpuɪposeforthecommongood.Scienceandtheartscanworkhandingloveto

achievethis.

9.TheauthorliststwoworksinParagraph1mainlyto.

A.revealthegapbetweenscienceandart

B.provehiscompetenceinbothscienceandart

C.introducesuccessfulscience-relatedartworks

D.showthatsciencecanbepromotedinartforms

10.WhatdoestheunderlinedWord“chequered"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Recentandremote.

B.Goodandbad.

C.Usualandunusual.

D.Peacefulandscary.

11.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragree?

A.Policy-makersbasetheirdecisionsonscience.

B.Researcherspopularizescienceeffectively.

C.Scienceiswellreceivedamongthepublic.

D.Theartshelppeoplebuildconnections.

12.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheValueoftheArtstoScience

B.WhereDoScienceandtheArtsMeet?

C.ANewWaytoFightPandemic--theArts

D.WhichMattersMore,ScienceortheArts?

（2023•北京朝阳•统考一模）Asnake-robotdesigner,atechnologist,anextradimensionalphysicistanda

journalistwalkintoaroom.Thejournalistturnstothecrowdandasks:Shouldwebuildhousesontheocean?Like

athink-tankpanel,membersoftheteamdreamupfar-outanswerstothecrucialproblem,suchasself-driving

housingunitsthatcouldparkontopofoneanotherinthecoastalcitycenter.

ThesettingisX,theenterprisewhichconsidersmorethan100ideaseachyear,inareasrangingfromclean

energytoartificialintelligence.Althoughonlyatinypercentagebecome“projects“withfar-reachingcreativity,

theseprojectsexist,ultimately,tochangetheworld,likeWaymo,thebiggestself-driving-carcompany.Inthepast

60years,somethingstrangehashappened.Astheacademicstudyofcreativityhasthrived（蓬勃发展），thelabel

innovationmayhavecoveredeverytinychangeofasodacanoratoothpasteflavor,buttherateofproductivity

growthhasbeenmostlydecliningsincethe1970s.JohnFernald,aneconomist,pointsoutthatthenotableexception

tothepost-1970declineinproductivityoccurredwhenbusinessesthroughouttheeconomyfinallyfiguredoutthe

breakthroughtechnology-infbπnationtechnology.JohnFemaldsays,"It'spossiblethatproductivitytookoff,

becauseWepickedallthelow-hangingfruitfromtheITwave.,,ActuaIly,theworldeconomycontinuestoharvest

thebenefitsofIT.Butwherewillthenexttechnologyshockcomefrom?

Breakthroughtechnologyresultsfromtwodistinctactivities-invenlionandinnovation.Inventionistypically

theworkofscientistsandresearchersinlabs,whileinnovationisaninventionputtocommercialuse.Seldomdo

thetwoactivitiesoccursuccessfullyunderthesameroof.Theytendtothriveinoppositeconditions;while

competitionandconsumerchoiceencourageinnovation,inventionhashistoricallyprogressedinlabsthatare

protectedfromthepressuretogenerateprofit.

Allowingwell-fundedanddiverseteamstotrytosolvebigproblemsiswhatgaveusthecomputerandthe

Internet.Today,Wefailtogiveattentiontoplantingtheseedsofthiskindofambitiousresearch,whilecomplaining

abouttheharvest."Companiesarcreallygoodatcombiningexistingbreakthroughsinwaysthatconsumerslike.

Butthebreakthroughscomefrompatientandcuriousscientists,nottherushtomarket,,,saysJonGertner,the

authorofTheIdeaFactory.

''Technologyisatalltree,,,JohnFemaldsaid.ςςButplantingtheseedsofinventionandharvestingthefruitof

innovationareentirelydistinctskills,oftenmasteredbydifferentorganizationsandseparatedbymanyyears.,,As

forme,bothofthemareessentialfortechnology,althoughtheyarerelativelyindependent.Idon,tthinkXisa

planteroraharvester,actually.Itislikebuildingtallerladders.Nobodyknowsforsurewhat,ifanything,the

employeesatsuchenteɪprisesaregoingtofinduponthoseladders.Butthey,rereaching.Atleastsomeoneis.

13.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Topresenttheprocessofgroupdiscussion.

B.ToillustrateX,sworryaboutbigproblems.

C.Torevealtheimportanceofthecrazyideas.

D.Tostressthevariedbackgroundsoftheteam.

14.WhatcanweIeamfromthepassage?

A.Breakthroughsmuststandthetestofthemarket.

B.Innovationonnecessitiescanpromoteproductivity.

C.Inventiondevelopsslowlyunderthepressureofprofit.

D.Theharvestofinnovationliesinsomeambitiousresearch.

15.RegardingJohnFemald,sviewontechnology,theauthoris.

A.supportiveB.cautious

C.uncertainD.critical

16.WhatcanbeinferredaboutXfromthepassage?

A.Itwillfocusoninnovation.

B.Itwillhaveitsoutcomesoon.

C.Itmaygiveintoitsfruitlessreality.

D.ɪtmaybringanencouragingoutlook.

（2023•北京丰台•统考一模）WhenElinorLobelwas16,aςςsmart,'insulin（胰岛素）pumpwasattachedto

herbody.PoweredbyAI,ittracksherglucoselevelsandadministerstherightdoseofinsulinattherighttimeto

keepherhealthy.ItisoneofthenewwaysthatdataandAIcanhelpimprovelives.

Booksthatcriticizethedarksideofdataareplentiful.Theygenerallysuggestthereismuchmoretofearthan

feteinthealgorithmic算法的）age.

Buttheintellectualtidemaybeturning.Oneofthemostpersuasivesupportersofamorebalancedviewis

ElinorLobePsmother,Orly,alawprofessor.InTheEqualityMachinesheacknowledgesAI,scapacitytoproduce

harmfulresults.Butsheshowshow,intherighthands,itcanalsobeusedtofightinequalityanddiscrimination.

Aprincipleofprivacyrulesis“minimization"：collectandkeepaslittleinformationaspossible,especiallyin

areassuchasraceandgender.MsLobelflipsthescript,showinghowinhiring,payandthelegalsystem,knowing

suchcharacteristicsleadstofaireroutcomes.

MsLobel,scalltousemore,notless,personalinformationchallengesdata-privacyOrthodOXy（正统观念）.But

sheinsiststhat''trackingdifferencesiskeytodetectingunfairness.,,Sheadvocatesglooseningofprivacyrulesto

providemoretransparenCy（透明）oVeralgorithmicdecisions.

Theproblemswithalgorithmicformulae（公式）aretackledindepthinEscapefromModelLandbyErica

ThompsonoftheSchoolofEconomics.ThesestatisticalmodelsarethebackboneofbigdataandAL.Yetaperfect

modelwillalwaysbebeyondreach.tςAΠmodelsarewrong,,,runsawisesaying.ςςSomeareUSefUI.”

MsThompsonfocusesonachallengeshecallstheHawkmothEffect.InthebetterknownButterflyEffect,a

serviceablemodel,Vinthepredictionofclimatechange,becomeslessreliableovertimebecauseofthecomplexity

ofwhatitisSimUIating（模拟），orbecauseofinaccuraciesintheoriginaldata.IntheHawkmothEffect,bycontrast,

themodelitselfisflawed;itmightfailtotakefullaccountoftheinterplaybetweenhumidity,windand

temperature.

Theauthorcallsondatageekstoimprovetheirsolutionstoreal-worldissues,notmerelyrefinetheir

formulae-inotherwords,toescapefrommodelland.44Wedonotneedtohavethebestpossibleanswer,,,she

writes,"onlyareasonableone.”

Boththesebooksexhibitahealthyrealismaboutdata,algorithmsandtheirlimitations.Bothrecognizethat

makingprogressinvolvesacceptinglimitations,whetherinlaworcoding.AsMsLobelputsit:"It'salwaysbetter

tolightacandlethantocursethedarkness.”

17.MsLobelintendstoconveythat

A.minimisationisagoodprivacyruletogoby

B.algorithmsarecurrentlychallengedbydataprivacy

C.employingmorepersonaldatashouldbeencouraged

D.identifyingalgorithms,problemsleadstobetteroutcomes

18.WhatcanweIeamabout4tHawkmothEffect”?

A.ItdevelopsfromButterflyEffect.

B.Itemphasizesaccuracyoforiginaldata.

C.Itenjoyspopularityinclimateresearchfield.

D.Itismentionedtoshowthemodelcanbefaulty.

19.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriterprobablyagree?

A.Usingalgorithmstodetectdifferencesishard.

B.Theapplicationofdataandalgorithmsislimited.

C.Thereliabilityofdatashouldbeattachedimportanceto.

D.Improvingalgorithmsinvolvesacceptingitsimperfection.

20.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TheAlgorithm'sProspectB.TheAlgorithm'sMercy

C.TheAlgorithm'sComplexityD.TheAlgorithm'sRecognition

（2023∙北京石景ill∙统考一模）Manyofusmayexperiencedinner-tabledebates.Onecommonsceneplays

outasfollows.Youwanttoconvinceafriendorafamilymemberofsomethingyouknowtheymaydisagree,and

youshareinformationandwalkthroughyourreasoningwiththem.Still,theyrejectyourcase.Howdoyoureact

whenyourpowersofpersuasionfail?Youmightdismissthepersonwhodoesn,tagreewithyourargumentsas

narrow-minded,foolishorotherwiseoutoftouchwithreality.Thewholeexperiencemayfeelliketryingtoguide

someoneonajourneywhentheyrefusetofollow.Psychologistshavecreatedaterm,persuasionfatigue,todescribe

thisformoffrustration（懊恼）.

Persuasionfatiguemaymakeithardertosuccessfullykeepchallengingconversations.Pastresearch

demonstratesthatfeelingfrustratedcanmakeyoumoreresistanttochangingyourmind.Italsoshowsthat

frustrationmayreduceyourabilitytorecognizewhyyourargumentsdon'tsucceed.Persuasionfatiguealso

explainswhy,whendebatesbreakdown,peopletendtoblametheirconversationalopponent.AsMarkTwainonce

wrote,ςςInallmattersofopinion,ouropponentsareinsane（愚蠢的）.“Inpastfindings,peoplegenerallyreported

threetimesasmanyreasonswhyothers,faultsledtofaileddebatesratherthantheirownshortcomings.Itistrue

thatothersarenotalwaysopentoyourideas.Endingthediscussioncanthereforebetherightthingtodo.Butinan

overheateddebate,yourfatiguemayleadyoutoInisinteipretthesituationandbelievethatyouropponentistoo

stupidtoseethetruth.Fortunately,psychologistssuggestsomesoundapproachestomanagingthesesituationsand

protectingyourrelationships.

Toreachyouraudience,itmaybeessentialtoexpressyourmessageintermsoftheirvalues,notyours.

Psychologistscallthisςςmoralreframing.,,Infact,researchessuggestthatthesimpleactofacknowledgingvaluesof

thepeopleyou,retalkingto—tellingthemyouunderstandwherethey,recomingfrom,evenifyoudon,tagree一

mayleadthemtolowertheirdefensesandopenupalittletonewarguments.

Yourfatiguemaybeevenworsebythinkingorassumingthatdebateisazero-sumstruggle—thatyouwinif,

andonlyif,youropponentloses.Butsometimesyou,rebetteroffseeinganargumentasacooperativeefforttofind

thetruth-lesslikeangryneighboursfightingovertheirpropertyline.Theneighboursmaplandtogetherby

viewingitfrommultipleangles.Similarly,debatescanhelpyoutriangulateaviewbetweenyouropinionandthe

otherperson,s.

Thetendencytoblameothersforexhaustingdebateshasrealconsequences.Inourexhaustion,wemayfailto

seewhenourfrustrationsstemfromadeepdesireforconnection.Recognizingpersuasionfatigue-andhowwe

contributetoit——mayhelpuspassthroughheateddebateswithoutleavingthoseWelovebehind.

21.Peoplemayexperiencepersuasionfatiguewhenthey.

A.tryinvaintoconvinceothersB.misinterpretothers,reasoning

C.adoptothers,viewsunwillinglyD.trytopersuadenarrow-mindedpeople

22.Whichisthepossibleconsequenceofpersuasionfatigue?

A.Onecan,tsticktohispointofview.

B.Oneadmitshislimitsandweaknesses.

C.Onecan,tgettotherootoffaileddebates.

D.Onefeelsincompetentforfurtherarguments.

23.WhydoestheauthorquoteMarkTwaininthepassage?

A.Tostresstheeffectofchangingothers9mind.

B.Toconfirmthedifficultyofwinninganargument.

C.Toexplainthereasonforone,sendinganargument.

D.Tosupporttheideaofone,stendencytoblameothers.

24.Whichistherecommendedsolutiontomanagingpersuasionfatigue?

A.Seeingadebateasazero-sumgame.

B.Makinganeffortforcommonground.

C.Shiftingthetopictolowerothers*defenses.

D.Reframingpointsbasedonone,sownvalues.

（2023•北京房山•统考一模）Whenspecialoccasionssuchasbirthdaysorotherbigholidayeventscome

around,parentsoftenlookforthatspecialtoyfortheirchildren.Butthereisagrowingunderstandingthatgiftsof

timeandbonding,suchasvacationsandotherexperiences,makebetterandmorelastinggiftsforchildren.

Expertsagreethatgiftingchildrenwithmemorabletripsandfunexperiencesisbetterfortheirbodyandmind,

andhascorrespondingpositiveimpactsontherestofthefamily!

Ina2017studythatsurveyedabout500womenbetween18and93yearsold,Dr.Oravecz,ahuman

developmentandfamilystudiesprofessoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,asked,uMostpeoplefeelloved

when...,,Thestudyshowedthatthemostpopularanswershadnothingtodowithanymaterialitem.Dr.Oravecz

said,44Ourresearchfoundthatmicro-momentsOfpositivity,likeakindword,ahugwithachildorasympathetic

expression,makepeoplefeelmostloved.”

ClinicalpsychologistOliverJamesagrees.Hestatedthatasopposedtotoys,detailsfromatriparemorelikely

to“stickwiththemforlongafterthevacationends."Whenfamiliesinteractinastress-freeenvironment,this

createswarm,generousfeelingstowardsoneanother,whicharelikelytoberememberedwithfondness.Vacations

createstrongemotionalresponsesthatdon,toftencomewithmaterialpossessions.

Inaddition,BritishchildpsychologistDr.MargotSunderlandbelievesthatvacationsmakechildrensmarter.

ςςWhatislesswidelyknownisthatvacationscanalsoadvancebraindevelopmentinchildren.Thisisbecauseona

familyvacation,youareexercisingtwogeneticallyingrainedsystemsdeepinthebrain,slimbic（边缘的）area,

whichcanalltooeasilybeςunexercised,inthehome.^^CitingtheworkofneuroscientistJaakPanksepp,Dr.

Sunderlandsaid,"ThesearcthePLAYsystemandtheSEEKINGsystcɪn.^^“Thebrain,sPLAYsystemisexercised

eveι*ytimeyouburyyourchild,sfeetinthesandortakethemforarideonyourback.TheSEEKINGsystemis

exercisedeachtimeyougoexploringtogether:thebeach,acave,ahiddenvillage...,,Shecontinued,uSowhenyou

takeyourchildonavacation,youaresupportingtheirexplorativeurge（SEEKINGsystem）—avitalresourcefor

livinglifewell,andtheircapacitytoplay（PLAYsystem）.Inadulthood,thistranslatesintotheabilitytoplaywith

ideas-essential,forexample,tothesuccessfulentrepreneur（企业家）.”

Inabusyhousehold,perhapsthefunofhavingthelatesttoymaynotlast,butthespaceitoccupiesinthe

housecouldbethereandgatherdust.Soforthenextroundofgift-givingwiththechildren,consideranexperiential

giftinstead.Thereturnisdefinitelypriceless.

25.FromDr.Oravecz,sstudy,Weknowthat.

A.hearingkindwordscanmakeapersonfeelmostloved

B.aspecialtoyforabirthdayismorelastingforchildren

C.womenattheageof18and93yearsoldfeelmoreloved

D.thefeelingofbeinglovediscloselyrelatedtomaterialgifts

26.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Thecapacitytoplaycantranslateintotheabilitytoseek.

B.TheSEEKINGsystemcandevelopwhenadventuringinthewild.

C.PLAYandSEEKINGsystemsaremoreeasilyexercisedathome.

D.Buiyingyourchild,sfeetinthemudisexercisingtheSEEKINGsystem.

27.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat.

A.materialgiftsarebetterforachild,sbodyandmind

B.childrenspendingvacationswiththeirparentsaremoregenerous

C.tripswithfamilycanformbetteremotionalinteractionsthanmaterialgifts

D.vacationswithemployeesareawasteoftimeforasuccessfulentrepreneur

（2023•北京延庆•统考一模）We,veheardforyearsthatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.

But,it