分析综合成果

Reading65Minutes—52Reading65Minutes—52MyThefollowingpassageisadaptedfromWillaCather’s1918novelÁntonia.Inthisexcerpt,theboynarrator,JimBurden,hasfromVirginiatohisgrandparents’Nebraskafarmtospendtheresthischildhoodthere.OnhisfirstNebraskamorning,hegoestoobservetheAsIlookedaboutmeIfeltthatthegrasswasthecountry,asthewateristhesea.Theredofthegrassmadeallthegreatprairiethecolourofwinestains,orofcertainseaweedswhentheyarefirstwashedQuestions1-10arebasedonthefollowingTurntoSection1ofyouranswersheettoanswerthequestionsinthissection.Eachpassageorpairofpassagesbelowisfollowedbyanumberofquestions.Afterreadingeachpassageorpair,choosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassageorpassagesandinanyaccompanyinggraphics(suchasatableor up. up.Andtherewassomuchmotioninit;thewholecountryseemed,somehow,toberunning.IhadalmostforgottenthatIhadagrandmother,whenshecameout,hersunbonnetonherhead,agrain-sackinherhand,andaskedmeifIdidnot(10)wanttogotothegardenwithhertodigpotatoesfordinner.…IcanrememberexactlyhowthecountrylookedtomeasIwalkedbesidemygrandmotheralongthefaintwagon-tracksonthatearlySeptembermorning.(15)Perhapstheglideoflongrailwaytravelwasstillwithme,formorethananythingelseIfeltmotioninthelandscape;inthefresh,easy-blowingmorningwind,andintheearthitself,asiftheshaggygrasswereasortofloosehide,andunderneath(20)herdsofwildbuffaloweregalloping,galloping.…Alone,Ishouldneverhavefoundthegarden—except,perhaps,forthebigyellowpumpkinsthatlayaboutunprotectedbytheirwitheringvines—andIfeltverylittleinterestinitwhenIgot(25)Iwantedtowalkstraightonthroughtheredgrassandovertheedgeoftheworld,whichcouldnotbeveryfaraway.Thelightairaboutmetoldmethattheworldendedhere:onlythegroundandsunandskywereleft,andifonewentalittlefartherthere(30)wouldbeonlysunandsky,andonewouldfloatoffintothem,likethetawnyhawkswhichsailedoverourheadsmakingslowshadowsonthegrass.Whilegrandmothertookthepitchforkwefoundstandinginoneoftherowsanddugpotatoes,while(35)Ipickedthemupoutofthesoftbrownearthandputthemintothebag,IkeptlookingupatthehawksthatweredoingwhatImightsoeasilyWhengrandmotherwasreadytogo,IsaidIwouldliketostayupthereinthegardenShepeereddownatmefromunderhersunbonnet.“Aren’tyouafraidof“Alittle,”Iadmitted,“butI’dliketostay,anyhow.”…Grandmotherswungthebagofpotatoesoverhershoulderandwentdownthepath,(45)forwardalittle.Theroadfollowedthewindingsofthedraw;whenshecametothefirstbend,shewavedatmeanddisappeared.Iwasleftalonewiththisnewfeelingoflightnessandcontent.IsatdowninIsatdowninthemiddleofthegarden,(50)snakescouldscarcelyapproachunseen,andleanedmybackagainstawarmyellowpumpkin.Thereweresomeground-cherrybushesgrowingalongthefurrows,fulloffruit.Iturnedbackthepaperytriangularsheathsthatprotectedtheberriesand(55)ateafew.Allaboutmegiantgrasshoppers,twiceasbigasanyIhadeverseen,weredoingacrobaticfeatsamongthedriedvines.Thegophersscurriedupanddowntheploughedground.Thereinthesheltereddraw-bottomthewinddidnot(60)veryhard,butIcouldhearitsingingitshummingtuneuponthelevel,andIcouldseethetallgrasseswave.Theearthwaswarmunderme,andwarmasIcrumbleditthroughmyfingers.Queerlittleredbugscameoutandmovedinslow(65)aroundme.Theirbackswerepolishedvermilion,withblackspots.IkeptasstillasIcould.Nothinghappened.Ididnotexpectanythingtohappen.Iwassomethingthatlayunderthesunandfeltit,likethepumpkins,andIdidnotwanttobe(70)anythingmore.Iwasentirelyhappy.Perhapswefeellikethatwhenwedieandbecomeapartofsomethingentire,whetheritissunandair,orgoodnessandknowledge.Atanyrate,thatishappi-ness;tobedissolvedintosomethingcompleteand(75)great.Whenitcomestoone,itcomesasnaturallyassleep.1.Accordingtothepassage,whyisJim’sgrandmotherconcernedaboutleavinghiminthe(A)Jimdoesn’tknowthewayback(B)Sheisworriedhewillencounter(C)Abadstormisbrewingonthe(D)ShehopedJimwouldhelphercook2.Asusedinline50,“scarcely”mostnearly(A)not(B)(C)with(D)3.The(A)not(B)(C)with(D)3.Thepassagemoststronglysuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingtrueofthe(A)ItremindsJimofthelandscapebackinhisnative(B)Thesnakesandcoyotesmaketheprairieadangerous(C)Growingcropsontheprairieisextremelydifficultfor(D)Itisveryeasytogetlostbecausetherearefew4.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertoprevious(A)Lines1-2(“AsIlooked…(B)Lines21-24(“Alone…(C)Lines45-47(“Theroad…(D)Lines49-51(“Isat…5.Whatthemedoestheauthorcommunicatethroughthethoughtsexperiencesof(A)Confrontingfearsallowsapersontomoveforwardin(B)Nature,thoughbeautiful,canpresentmanyhidden(C)Familyrelationshipscanhelpapersonadjusttonew(C)Familyrelationshipscanhelpapersonadjusttonew(D)Anaturalsettingcanhaveatransformingeffectona6.Jim’sthoughtsduringhisfirstmorninginNebraskasuggestthatpersonalitycouldbestbedescribed(A)(B)(C)(D)7.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertoprevious(A)Lines7-11(“Ihad…for(B)Lines12-15(“Ican…(C)Lines38-51(“Whengrandmother…(D)Lines70-73(“Perhapswe…8.Asusedinline74,“dissolved”mostnearly(A)(B)(C)(D)9.Theauthor’srepetitionof“galloping”in9.Theauthor’srepetitionof“galloping”inline20is(A)conveyhowfastthewindmovedagainstthe(B)maketheNebraskalandscapeseemlikea(C)emphasizetherecurrentmotionofthe(D)comparewildbuffalotowildhorsesonthe10.Throughtheperspectiveofafirst-personnarrator,theauthorisable(A)focusattentiononthemaincharacterratherthanon(B)limitwhatwelearnaboutthemain(C)describeindetailthethoughtsandexperiencesofthe(D)distanceherselffromhermainBohrThefollowingpassageisadaptedfromanopenlettertotheNations,writtenbyDanishphysicistandNobelPrizewinnerBohr.BohrcompletedimportantworkonatomicstructurelongWorldWarII.AfterfleeingDenmarktoescapetheNazis,heQuestions11-20arebasedonthefollowingwenttowenttoworkwiththeBritishasanadvisertoU.S.scientiststhefirstatomicbomb.TheatomicbombwasthenusedtobringantoWorldWarIaddressmyselftotheorganization,foundedforthepurposetofurtherco-operationbetweenThefearofbeingleftbehindwasa incentiveinvariouscountriestoexplore,insecrecy,thepossibilitiesofusingsuchenergysourcesformilitarypurposes.ThejointAmerican-Britishprojectremainedunknowntomeuntil,aftermyescapefromoccupiedDenmarkintheautumnof(10)1943,IcametoEnglandattheinvitationoftheBritishgovernment.AtthattimeIwastakenintoconfidenceaboutthegreatenterprisewhichhadalreadythenreachedanadvancedstage.Everyoneassociatedwiththeatomic(15)projectwas,ofcourse,consciousoftheseriousproblemswhichwouldconfronthumanityoncetheenterprisewasaccomplished.…Itcertainlysurpassestheimaginationofanyonetosurveytheconsequencesoftheprojectinyears(20)tocome,whereinthelongruntheenormousenergysourceswhichwillbeavailablemaybeexpectedtorevolutionizeindustryandtransport.Thefactofimmediatepreponderanceis,however,thataweaponofanunparalleledpowerisbeing(25)whichwillcompletelychangeallfutureconditionsofwarfare.Thissituationraisesanumberofproblemswhichcallformosturgentattention.Unless,indeed,someagreementaboutthecontrolofthe(30)useofthenewactivematerialscanbeobtainedinduetime,anytemporaryadvantage,howevergreat,maybeoutweighedbyaperpetualmenacetohumansecurity.Whenthewarendedandthegreatmenaces(35)oppressiontosomanypeopleshaddisappeared,animmensereliefwasfeltallovertheworld.Nevertheless,thepoliticalsituationwasfraughtwithominousforebodings.Divergencesinoutlookbetweenthevictoriousnationsinevitablybetweenthevictoriousnationsinevitably(40)edcontroversialmattersarisinginconnectionwithpeacesettlements.Contrarytothehopesforfuturefruitfulco-operation,expressedfromallsidesandembodiedintheCharteroftheUnitedNations,thelackofmutualconfidencesoonbecameevident.Thecreationofnewbarriers,restrictingthefreeflowofinformationbetweencountries,furtherincreaseddistrustandanxiety.…Theveryfactthatknowledgeisinitselfthebasisforcivilizationpointsdirectlytoopennessas(50)thewaytoovercomethepresentcrisis.Whateverjudicialandadministrativeinternationalauthoritiesmayeventuallyhavetobecreatedinordertostabilizeworldaffairs,itmustberealizedthatfullmutualopenness,only,caneffectivelypromote(55)confidenceandguaranteecommonAnywideningofthebordersofourknowledgeimposesanincreasedresponsibilityonindividualsandnationsthroughthepossibilitiesitgivesforshapingtheconditionsofhumanlife.Theforceful(60)admonitioninthisrespectwhichwehavereceivedinourtimecannotbeleftunheededandshouldhardlyfailinresultingincommonunderstandingoftheseriousnessofthechallengewithwhichourwholecivilizationisfaced.Itisjustonthisback(65)groundthatquiteuniqueopportunitiesexistto-dayforfurtheringco-operationbetweennationsontheprogressofhumancultureinallitsaspects.11.Whatisthemostlikelyintendedpurposeofthis(A)Todiscusstheimplicationsofthemilitaryuseofatomic(B)Toexploretheindustrialpotentialofatomicenergy(C)Tocomparethesharedatomicenergygoalsofmembersofthe(D)ToclarifytheroleoftheUnitedNationsinoverseeingenergy12.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidenceforthe12.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertoprevious(A)Lines7-11(“Thejoint…(B)Lines11-13(“Atthattime…(C)Lines14-17(“Everyone…(D)Lines18-22(“Itcertainly…13.Asusedinline23,“preponderance”mostnearly(A)(B)(C)(D)14.ThepassagemostclearlysuggeststhatBohr’sworkbeforeWar(A)beganasanonmilitary(B)ledtotheoutbreakofthe(C)resultedfrom(D)underminedeffortstoreach15.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertoprevious(A)Lines4-7(“Thefear…(B)previous(A)Lines4-7(“Thefear…(B)Lines7-11(“Thejoint…(C)Lines22-26(“Thefactof…(D)Lines27-28(“Thissituation…16.Asusedinline38,“divergences”mostnearly(A)(B)(C)(D)17.WhatdoesBohrclaimhappenedafterWorldWarII“contrarytohopesforfruitfulcooperation”(lines41-(A)CountriesdecidedtoformtheUnited(B)Knowledgebecamethedrivingforcebehind(C)Trustamongnationsdeclinedbecauseofpolitical(D)Newjudicialandadministrativeauthoritieswere18.Thereferencetoknowledgeinlines48-50(“Theveryfact…crisis”)primarilyserves(A)explaintheimportantusesofatomic(B)highlighttheroleoflearninginsocietal(C)(B)highlighttheroleoflearninginsocietal(C)positthebenefitsofregulatingscientific(D)justifytheneedfortransparencyamong19.Theauthor’spositionintheconcludingparagraphssuggeststhatwouldmostlikelysupport(A)lawsrestrictingthetestingofnuclear(C)regulationofnuclearpowerplantsand20.Lines59-64(“Theforcefuladmonition…isfaced”)primarily(A)emphasizethesignificanceoftheauthor’s(B)explaintheauthor’scredentialsregardingthe(C)offerevidenceforacontrarypointof(D)summarizetheauthor’sargumentsandEvolutionofComputersIfyouhadtocounteverypersonwholivedintheUnitedStates,andtherewerenocalculatorsQuestions21-31arebasedonthefollowingpassagesupplementaryandnoandnocomputersofanykindtohelpyou,howwouldyoudoit?That’sthepuzzlethatnineteen-year-oldengineerHermanHollerithwasfacedwithinthe1880swhenhewasemployedbytheU.S.CensusBureau.Hissolutionwastoinventamachinethatstoredinformationbyputtingpatternsofholesinstiffpasteboard—anideathatHollerith(10)struckuponbyobservingtheJacquardloom,anautomaticweavingmachinethatwascontrolledbyspeciallycodedpunchcards.Themachine,calledtheHollerithtabulatingmachineandsortingbox,wasused(15)torecordthe1890populationcensusandshortenedwhathadbeenaseven-yearjobtojustthreeBecauseHollerith’smachineusedmechanicalcountersoperatedbyelectromagnetsandcircuits,it(20)isconsideredtheveryfirstcomputer.Goanywheretoday—agrocerystore,anoffice,aschool—andyouseeoneofitsmanydescendants,suchasthecalculator,personalcomputer,iPad,andsmartphone.ThoughHollerithretiredtoworkata(25)farminMaryland,in1924thecompanyhefoundedwasrenamedInternationalBusinessMachines(IBM),whichisstilloneofthelargesttechnologycorporationsintheworld.DataAsadatastoragemedium,Hollerith’s(30)tionwasrevolutionary,butoneproblemwithitwasthephysicalsizeandquantitiesofcards,eachpunchcardholdingonly960bitsofinformation.Manytypesofcompaniesneededtoholdmoredatainasmallerspace.Abigleapwasmadeinthe(35)1950swiththeinventionofmagnetictape,whichconsistedoflongstripsofplasticwithamagnetizedcoatingthatcouldstoreasmuchdataas10,000punchcards.Asinglereelwasaboutthesizeofadinnerplate,andcouldbereadfromandwritten(40)torapidly.In1963,Philipsintroducedmagnetizedtapeinasmallcassette,whichbecameapopularchoiceforbusinessestostoredatausingNevertheless,tapeswerestillcumbersome,andtheywoulddegradeovertime.Thencamethe(45)drive.IBMmadeoneofthefirst,in1956,called305RAMAC.Itwasbiggerthanarefrigeratorandcontainedfifty(45)drive.IBMmadeoneofthefirst,in1956,called305RAMAC.Itwasbiggerthanarefrigeratorandcontainedfiftydiscs,eachtwofeetindiameter.The305RAMACcouldstore4.4megabytesofdata.Bycomparison,ataboutthesizeofawallet,(50)floppydiscs,apopularmediumfromthe1980sand1990s,heldthesameamountofinformation.Harddriveshavebeenconstantlyimprovingeversince,gettingsmaller,faster,andmoreenergy-efficient.Withtheinventionoftheflashdrive(55)andthemicro-SDcard,ourinformationstorageplatformsarealmosttoosmalltohandlewithourbarehands.Overtheyears,thepriceofdatastoragehasdecreasedexponentially.In1984,a5-megaby(60)drivecost$1,400,or$280permegabyte.Withinfiveyears,thiswascutinhalf,andsincethen,thepopularityofpersonalcomputersforhomeandbusinesshasdriventhepriceevenlower.In2010,thecostpermegabytewaslessthantencents.Themicroprocessor,orCentralProcessingUnit(CPU),isthebraininsideeverycomputer,tablet,andsmartphone.It’sasiliconsemiconductorchipthatcontainsthebasiclogicandarithmeticfunctionsthatthedeviceneedsinordertorun.(70)TheCPUreceivesanddecodesinstructionsfromkeyboards,touchscreens,andWi-Fiadaptersandsendssignalsoutinatimedsequencetodevicessuchasmonitors,printers,andnetworks.Thefirstmicroprocessorwasdevisedin(75)andcalledtheIntel4004.Measuringjust1/8″by1/16″,itwasaspowerfulastheelectroniccomputerof25yearsprior,whichweighed30tonsandused18,000vacuumtubes.ItwassaidaboutthatcomputerthatthelightsofPhiladelphiadimmedwhen(80)itwasturnedAndyet,asfastasthe4004Intelwas,today’sCPUsarethousandsoftimesfaster.Onewaythatchipsgetfasterisbytheadditionofmore,andsmaller,transistors.ThoughtheIntel4004proces(85)sorheld2,300transistors,atypicalIntelprocessortoday,witha32-nanometerprocessingdie,560,000,000transistors.(Onenanometerequalsone-billionthofameter.)Manufacturers560,000,000transistors.(Onenanometerequalsone-billionthofameter.)Manufacturersofmicroprocessorsalsospeed(90)chipsbymakingcircuitssmaller;whenthecircuitsaremorecompact,themicroprocessorsbecomefasterbecauseelectronshavelessdistancetotravel.Aschipsgetsmaller,moreofthemcanbeetchedontothesamediametersiliconwaferbyimproved(95)fabricationequipment.Consequently,computersthatusedtorequirewarehousesnowfitinthepalmofourhands.21.Thestancethattheauthortakesinthispassageismostsimilarto(A)acomputerindustryspokespersonexplainingwhyinnovationgoodforthe(B)aconsumeradvocateexplainingwhythepriceofcontinuesto(C)acolumnistoutliningtheevolutionofcomputerspeedandover(D)anefficiencyexpertdiscussinghowtheCensusBureaucan(D)anefficiencyexpertdiscussinghowtheCensusBureaucanits22.Basedonthefirstthreeparagraphs,whatclaimistheauthoraboutHollerith’s(A)TheinventionoftheJacquardloomwasinspiredbythesuccessHollerith’s(B)SubsequenttechnologicalinnovationswerebasedonHollerith’original(C)Thesuccessofthe1890censuspropelledIBMtotheforefrontofcomputer(D)Hollerith’smechanicalcounterscontinuedtobeusedyearstheiroriginal23.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertoprevious(A)Lines13-17(“Themachine…three(B)Lines18-20(“BecauseHollerith’s…(C)Lines20-24(“Goanywhere…(D)Lines24-28(“ThoughHollerith…24.Asusedinline43,“cumbersome”mostnearly(A)(B)(C)(D)25.Theauthorposes(A)(B)(C)(D)25.Theauthorposesarhetoricalquestionatthebeginningoftheprimarilytohelp(A)understandtheenormityofHollerith’sinitial(B)relivethebygoneerainwhichHollerith(C)appreciatethejoboftheU.S.Census(D)acknowledgehowimportantcomputers26.Thepassagemoststronglysuggeststhatwhichofthefollowing(A)The1980ssawthemostsignificantinnovationsinthehistorypersonal(B)Thepriceofdatastoragespacehasrisenduetoconsumerforpersonal(C)Continuedinnovationindatastoragedeviceshasresultedincreasedvaluefor(D)Computerindustryprofitshavefallenasaresultofdecreasedrelatedtodata27.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswer27.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertoprevious(A)Lines54-57(“Withthe…(B)Lines59-60(“In1984…(C)Lines60-63(“Withinfive…(D)Lines63-64(“In2010…ten28.Whatexplicitmeaningmaycorrectlybedrawnfromthedatain(A)Themostsignificantdecreaseinmicrochiptransistorsizesbetween2000and(B)Thedeclineinmicrochiptransistorsizeswillmostlikelylevelaftertheyear(C)Microchiptransistorsizesareexpectedtoincreaseto10nanometersbytheyear(D)Thedifferenceinmicrochiptransistorsizesfrom2004and20124029.Asusedinline44,“degrade”mostnearly(A)(B)(C)(D)30.Inline79,theauthormost(C)(D)30.Inline79,theauthormostlikelyreferstothefactthatacomputerthe1940sdimmedthelightsofPhiladelphiatodemonstraterelationship(A)thesizeoftheIntel4004andofits(B)thespeedofcontemporaryCPUsandoftheIntel(C)themanufacturingprocessinthe1970sandthatof(D)thenumberoftransistorsintheIntel4004andinCPUs31.Itcanbereasonablyinferredfromthepassageandgraphic(A)HermanHollerith’sideasinfluencedcontemporarycomputersother(B)Thepriceofdatastoragespacehasfalleninthefaceofconsumer(C)Increasedconsumerdemandcorrespondstoadecreaseinsizesinthe(D)Smallertransistorshaveexponentiallyincreasedthespeedoftoday’sCPQuestions32-42arebasedonthefollowingPairedPassages—SolarPassagePairedPassages—SolarPassageThelargestsolarfarmintheworld,knownasTopaz,openedinlate2014.Theplant,which$2.5billiondollarstobuild,generatesawhopping550megawattsofpower.Toputthisnumber perspective,thisamountofpowerwillbeusedtosupply160,000homes.Thisswitchfromfossilfuelstosolarpowerwillsavetheenvironmentexposuretoapproximately377,000tonsofcarbondioxideemissionsperyear,whichistheequivalentof(10)retiring73,000Thebenefitsofconstructingsuchalarge-scalesolarfarmarenotonlyenvironmental.Therearealsosignificanteconomicbenefits.Over400constructionjobswereaddedtothearea(15)theconstructionphase.$192millioninincomewaspumpedintothelocaleconomyasaresult.Economicbenefitshaven’tstoppedsincetheplantopened.Localenergysuppliersarenowabletoenjoy$52millionineconomicoutput.LocatedinSanLuisObispoCountyinCalifornia,theareawhereTopazwasbuiltispartofCalifornia’sCarrizoPlain.TheplainisanareaofnativegrasslandnorthwestofLosAngeles.Thelandonwhichtheplantsitswasusedas(25)inthepast.Becauseofthis,nonewlanddisturbancewasrequiredinordertocompletethislargeproject.Thelandwasnolongersuitableforfarmingduetoirrigationpracticesthatstrippedthesoilofitsnutrients.The4,700privateacres(30)theperfectsettingforasolarplant,meetingthedeveloper’sstandardsforlow-impactdevelopment,whichwasapriorityconsideringthesite’sproxim-itytotheCarrizoPlainNationalMonument,aprotectedareahometonativespeciesandplants.Theplant’ssetupincludes460panelsmountedonsteelsupportposts.Thesunlighttakeninbythesepanelsisfedtoapowerconversionstations.Eachpanelhasitsownconversionstation.Madeupoftwoinvertersandatransformer,theconversion(40)stationsareneededtomakethepowerusable.powerpoweristhensenttoasubstationthatitfrom35.5kilovoltstothestandard230kilovolts.ThePacificGasandElectricCompany(PG&E)builtanewswitchingstationnexttothesolarfarm.(45)Itisherethatthepowerisloopedintothegridthatsuppliesneighboringareas.Topazwillonlyremaintheworld’slargestsolarfarmforashortperiodoftime.Theplant’sowner,FirstSolar,iscurrentlydevelopinganeven(50)plant,alsoinPassageWithmoreandmorelarge-scalesolarfarmsbeingdevelopedinthesunnysouthwesternUnitedStates,researchersandconservationistsalikearebeginningtonoticesurprisingenvironmental(55)effects.Whilesolarenergyisknownforitspositiveenvironmentalimpacts,officialsattheNationalFishandWildlifeForensicsLaboratoryhavecometorecognizeoneofitssignificantdownsides:Somespeciesofbirdsthatliveincloseproximitytolarge(60)plantsaredyingoff,includingendangeredbirds.Arecentfederalinvestigationrecovered233birdsthathadbeenkilledasadirectresultofsolarplants.Researchersbelievethatsomeoftheaffectedbirdshavemistakenthelarge,reflective(65)areasofthesolarpanelsforbodiesofwater.Thisisaphenomenonreferredtobyscientistsas“lakeeffect.”Thebirdsaredrawntowhattheyassumetobewater.Theyhomeinontheareaandslamintothepanelswithgreatforce.Itisthoughtthat(70)theinsectsthatbirdseatfallvictimto“lakeeffect”aswell,leadingthebirdsintothepanels.Researchersestimatethatbetween1,000and28,000birdsarekilledasaresultofharvestingsolarenergy.Thenumberofbirdsaffectedby(75)windfarmingismuchgreater,ranging140,000to328,000.Coal-firedelectricityhasthelargestnegativeeffectonbirds,killingnearly8millionayear.Thesenumbersmakesolarfarmingseemlikethebestoption.However,conservationists(80)arequicktopointoutthattheareaswheresolarisexpectedtoboombetween2015and2020arehometosomeoftherarestbirdsinthetosomeoftherarestbirdsintheUnitedStates.Thiscouldputspecificbirdspeciesatriskofextinction.ThereexistsastatemandateinCalifornia(85)20percentofallelectricitysoldmustberenewablebytheyear2017.Thishasbeenonedrivingforcebehindtherapiddevelopmentofhugesolarfarms.Theindustry,whichisexpectingtoboomasaresultofthisshifttorenewableenergy,isfacing(90)newlyfiledlawsuitsbyconservationistgroups,citingthenegativeimpactonwildlife.TheselawsuitscouldprolongtheapprovalprocessfortheplannedsolardevelopmentsacrosstheSouthwest.32.ThecentralideaofPassage1isthatsolar(A)areanacceptedformofgeneratingenergybecauseoftheir(B)werefirstthoughtimpracticalwaystogenerate(C)helptoimprovethe(D)needlargeamountsoflandtobe33.InPassage2,whichchoicebestreflectstheauthor’s(A)Usingsolarfarmsisthemostviablewaytocreate(B)Morebirdsareendangeredbywindfarmsthansolar(C)Solarfarmsmaynotbeasfriendlytotheenvironmentaspeople(D)Scientistsneedtofindwaystodiscourage“lakeeffect”causedsolar34.Passage1moststronglysuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingis(A)Solarfarmswillmostlikelyonlybebuiltinthestateof(B)ThedeveloperofTopazisrespectfulofthe(B)ThedeveloperofTopazisrespectfulofthe(C)Notmanystudieshavebeendoneontheimpactofsolarfarmsthe(D)Theconsumptionofenergycontinuestogrowgreatereach35.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertoprevious(A)Lines6-10(“Thisswitch…(B)Lines13-15(“Over400…(C)Lines29-34(“The4,700…and(D)Lines47-48(“Topazwill…of36.Passage2moststronglysuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingis(A)Windfarmsdolessharmtotheenvironmentthansolar(B)Therearewaystocreateenergythatdonotharm(C)Thelifeofsolarfarmswillbeshort-livedbecauseoftheir(D)Birdscanbeeasilyconfusedbyman-made37.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertoprevious(A)Lines63-65(“Researchers…of(B)Lines74-76(“Thenumber…(C)Lines84-86(“Thereexists…(D)Lines91-93(C)Lines84-86(“Thereexists…(D)Lines91-93(“Theselawsuits…38.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenthepurposeofPassage1thepurposeofPassage(A)Passage1aimstoconvincereadersthatsolarfarmingwillbeprimaryformofdevelopingenergyinthefuture,whilePassageaimstoshowthelimitedbenefitsofsolar(B)ThepurposeofPassage1istoshowthemanybenefitsoffarming,whilePassage2concentratesonthenegativesideeffectssolar(C)Passage1discussescurrentresearchintothebenefitsofsolarwhilePassage2relateswhysolarfarmsarenotpracticalin(D)ThepurposeofPassage1istoshowthatproducingenergyistotheeconomy,whilePassage2explainsthewaysinwhichfarmscanbe39.Asusedinline16ofPassage1,“pumped”mostnearly(A)(B)(C)(D)40.Asusedinlines57-58ofP(D)40.Asusedinlines57-58ofPassage2,“recognize”mostnearly(A)(B)(C)(D)41.InPassage2,theauthor’suseof“surprising”(line54)implies(A)solarfarmsrequirealengthydevelopment(B)mostpeoplewouldbeshockedbythesizeofsolar(C)solarenergypanelslookstrangetomost(D)mostpeoplethinkthatsolarenergyisvery42.Bothpassagessupportwhichgeneralizationaboutsolar(A)Solarfarmshaveeffectsthatdisturbsome(B)Solarfarmsareanacceptedwaytogenerate(C)Allofthewaystocreateenergyhavenegativeside(D)FindingsitesforsolarfarmsisdifficulttoQuestions43-52arebasedonthefollowingpassageCarbonDioxideCarbonDioxideTheconcentrationofcarbondioxideinouratmospherehasbeensteadilyincreasingsinceabout1750.Carbondioxideletsinsunenergyandthentrapsitasheatenergy,sothemorecarbon(5)dioxideintheatmosphere,thehighertheaverageglobaltemperature.ScientistsareconcernedthatevenslightincreasesinglobaltemperatureswillsignificantlyaffectplantandanimallifeonEarth.Inthepast,photosynthesishasbeenableto(10)thelevelofcarbondioxideintheairatalowerlevel.Plantsandalgaeconvertwaterandcarbondioxideintooxygenandglucose,usingthesun’senergy.Carbonfromcarbondioxidebecomestrappedor“fixed”astheplantusesglucosetobuild(15)celluloseandstarches,whichmakeupmostoftheplant’sstructure.Humanindustryisthemaincauseofincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.Cuttingdownforeststomakeroomforexpandingcitiesorfarmland(20)reducestheamountofcarbondioxidebeingremoved.Thewoodisalsooftenburned,releasingmorecarbondioxideintotheair.Burningfossilfuelsforenergyreleasesevenmorecarbondioxidethathadpreviouslybeenlockedupinthecoal,(25)orgasWecanreducetheamountofcarbondioxidebyreducinghowmuchwerelease,eitherbyburningfewerfossilfuelsorbyremovingcarbondioxideasthefuelisbeingburned.Wecanburnfewerfossil(30)fuelsbyswitchingtootherformsofpowerthatdon’treleasecarbondioxide,suchassolarorwindpower,butthesemethodsaremoreexpensive.Wecan“scrub”thecarbondioxidefromtheairatthepowerplantwherethefuelisburned,butthatisalso(35)expensive.Itisalsodoesnotworkforthecarbondioxideproducedbycars,trucks,andairplanes.Reducingouroutputofcarbondioxide,thoughacommendableidea,maynotreducethelevelssupplementaryenoughenoughtohaveameaningfulimpact.We(40)needtogoonestepfartherandtrytoremovecarbondioxidefromtheair.Manyresearchanddevelopmentcompaniesarenowdevelopingsystemsthatwillactlikeartificial“trees”andremovecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.(45)Severalbuilttheirapproachonausedinsubmarinesandspacevehicles.Theycombinethecarbondioxidewithastrongbasecalleds