Unit+3+On+the+Move+Grammar+Vocabulary高中英语外研版（2019）必修第二册

外研必修第二册

Unit3

Usinglanguage12Tounderstandtheusagesofto-infinitiveasattributiveandadverbialofresult,andapplythemintherealcontext.Tolearnvocabularyandexpressionsaboutdifferentsportsandtheirbenefits.Observesentences(a)&(b)andfindoutwhataretheyincommon.a.Thatfootballissuchasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.b.Itisfunenoughtoattractmillionsofpeople.Bothofthemhaveto-infinitiveforms.Observe(观察v.)andLearn

a.Thatfootballisasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.Whatisthefunctionof“toplay”insentence(a)?Isitusedtogivedescriptionorshowresult?“Toplay”servesasattributiveinsentence(a).Itisusedtogivedescription.b.Itisfunenough

toattractmillionsofpeople.

Whatisthefunctionof“toattract”insentence(b)?Isitusedtogivedescriptionorshowresult?“Toattract”servesasadverbialofresultinsentence(b).Theroomislargeenoughtotakeathirdbed.Itisusedtoshowresult.to-infinitive不定式定义：

表示动作的方向或趋势，除了谓语，

其他角色都能胜任（主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语...)。todo的基本结构（时态＋语态）主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing无完成进行式tohavebeendoing无todo的基本结构（时态＋语态）主动形式作用被动形式todo目的；将来tobedone不定式句法功能1.作主语Toliveinthetownisveryhappy.居住在这个小镇是非常幸福的。It形式主语Itis+adj+todoItisveryhappytoliveinthetown.居住在这个小镇是非常幸福的。不定式的逻辑主语：for+名词或代词+todo

ofsb+todoIt'simpossibleformetolearnMathwell.对我来说学好数学是不可能的。It'skindofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我，你太好了。for前的形容词指“事情”。如例句中的impossible是指学好数学这件事是不可能的。of前的形容词多用来指“人的性格或行为表现”。如例句中的kind指你来帮我，你人很好。指“人的性格或行为表现”+of：brave(勇敢的)careful(仔细的)foolish(愚蠢的)kind(好心的)rude(粗鲁的)thoughtful(周到的/体贴的)wise(明智的)2.作宾语动词+todo/nottodo(不定式的否定在to前+not)动词+疑问词+todo动词+it+宾补+todo(it是形式宾语，英语中的尾重原则)Ican'tbeartolookback.往事不能回首。Ipromisednottotellaboutit.我保证不给别人说。Tellmewhentogo.告诉我啥时候走。Ifinditdifficulttounderstandmysister.我发现我很难理解我姐姐.3.作表语Theimportantthingistosavelives.救人要紧。4.作定语Everyonehasrighttospeak.毎个人都有説活的叔利.Ihavealettertowrite.我有一封信要写5.作状语目的状语Iworkedhardtoliveabetterlife.我努力工作过上更好的生活.条件状语Iwillbegladtojoinyou.如果能加入你们我很开心。原因状语IwasgladtoSeeheryesterday.因为昨天见了她，我很开心。结果状语Hespeakstoofastformetofollow.他说话对我来说太快了，我跟不上。Iarrivedatthestationveryearly,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.我很早就到车站了，去发现火车已经离开了。（onlytofind表意想不到的结果)6.补语Mymomwon'tallowustoplayonthestreet.爸爸不允许我在街上玩。某些动词后，不定式要省去to①感觉动词:see、watch,look、observe、hear,feelIhearhimsingasong.(整个过程)我听见他唱了一首歌。Ihearhimsingingasong.(正在进行)我听见他正在唱一首歌。②使役动词:make,have，let，get，leaveMymothermademecleanthefloorthismorning.我的妈妈今天早上让我扫了地。Ihavehimrepairthecar.我让他修车。注意:感觉动词和使役动词变被动的时候，需要加上toHewasseentobuysomethingintheshopyesterday.他昨天被看见在商店买东西。Iwasmadetolaugh.我被逗笑了。③特殊搭配:hadbetter(最好)wouldrather(宁愿)Mightaswell(倒不如)can'thelpbut(禁不住/不得不)Wemightaswellfinishupthecake.我们还是把蛋糕吃完吧。Ican'thelpbutfeelapang.我禁不住感到一丝悲痛。7.同位语Suddenly,Igottheidea,toleaveatonce.突然，我有个想法，立刻离开。8.插入语Tobeginwith(首先)Totellmethetruth(说实话)Tobefrank/honest/brief(坦率/老实/简单地说)Tomakealongstoryshort(长话短说)Tomakealongstoryshort,hewaswantedbythepolicemen.长话短说，警察在通缉他。特殊句型:Why(not)+do?Whypaytowatchthemovie?为什么要花钱看那部电影?Whynotaskmeforhelp?为什么不找我帮忙呢?不定式语态变化不定式的主被动:取决于不定式和它的逻辑主语之间的关系.逻辑主语是不定式动作的发出者，不定式就用主动语态。逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者，不定式就用被动语态.一般式:主动todo(要做/去做)被动:tobedone(要被做)Sheseemedunhappytomeetus.她见到我们似乎不高兴。(she是meet的发出者，用主动语态)Themachineneedstoberepaired.这台机器需要被修理。(machine是repair的承受者，用被动语态)进行式:主动tobedoing(正在做)(动作正在发生)Ihappenedtobecookingwhenhecameback.当他回来时，我碰巧正在做饭。完成式:主动tohavedone(已经/之前做)(动作发生在谓语动Iamsorrytohavebotheredyou.我很抱歉打扰到你了。(打扰发生在抱歉之前，故用tohavedone)被动:tohavehavedone已经/之前被做Itwasanhonortohavebeeninvitedbyhim.被他邀请是一种荣幸。(邀请发生在荣幸之前，且是被邀请，用havebeendone)完成进行时:tohavebeendoing(之前一直做)(动作发生在谓语动词之前并还会持续发生)IseemtohavebeenlearningEnglishfor10years.我似乎已经学了10年英语了。(此句用的havebeendoing,暗示还会继续学下去)I.Mypetstakemealotoftime_A.lookafter

B.tolookafter

C.tolook

D.lookingfor2.Themedicineis_threetimesaday.A.tobetaken

B.totakeC.tohavetaken

D.tohavebeentaken3.-IsBobstillperforming?-Iamafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealready,ashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleft

B.toleaveC.tohavebeenleft

D.tobeleft4.Thechairmanthought_necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeetingA.

that

B.it

C.this

D.him5.Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered___attheparty,butnot_A.toarrive;leavingB.toarrive;toleavec.arriving;leavingD.arriving;toleave6.Youweresillynot__.yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.LockingD.havinglocked7.Volunteeringgivesyouachance___lives,includingyourown.A.changeB.changingC.changedD.tochange8.Letthoseinneed___thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.A.tounderstandB.understand