2023考研英语二模拟试题及答案

2023考研英语二模拟试题及答案（一）

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenot

onlyhisparentsandhisfriends,_1_thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.A

youngmancan_2_alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparentsto_3_themarriage

negotiations,ortheyoungman'sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittle

tosayintheselection._4_,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen._5_a

spousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying

_6_agoodfamily.

Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays,_7_by

the1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand

_8_prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,_9_cotton

threadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride'sandgroom'swrists,and_10_acandle

aroundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe_11_.Newlyseds

traditionallymoveinwiththewife'sparentsandmay_12_withthemuptoayear;

_13_theycanbuildanewhousenearby.

Divorceislegalandeasyto_14_,butnotcommon.Divorecedpersonsare_15_with

somedisapproval.Eachspouseretains_16_propertyheorshe_17_intothemarriage,and

jointly-acquiredpropertyis_18_equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagender

prejudice_19_up:Thedivorcedmaledoesn'thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry

_20_thewomanmustwaittenmonths.

1.［A］bywayof［B］onbehalfof［C］aswellas［D］withregardto

［标准答案］［C］aswellas

［考点分析］逻辑关系

［选项分析］因为考查逻辑关系，所以须要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：

空格处身处大环境notonly…butalso之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅...而

且...”，该空后面的those指代前文出现的“parentsandfriends"，明显“theyoungman”

与"theyoungwoman"为并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母挚友相关”，所以答案

只能是［C］项aswellas也，又。［A］项bywayof通过，［D］项withregardto关于，［B］项onbehalf

of代表。

2.［A］adaptto［B］providefor［C］competewith［D］decideon

［标准答案］［D］decideon

［考点分析］上下文语义

［选项分析］依据该句的主语ayoungman与宾语alikelyspouse的关系，答案只能是［D］

项decideon“确定"，表示自己确定自己的配偶。［B］项providefor为...供应准备，

provide为及物动词，干脆跟宾语，不须要加介词；［C］项competewith"与...竞争"，［A］

项adaptto"适用

3.［A］close［B］remew［C］arrange［D］postpone

［标准答案］［C］arrange

［考点分析］上下文语义及动词辨析

［选项分析］该句意思为：他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母婚姻谈判。四

个选项中，［A］项close关闭；［B］项renew更新，复原；［D］项postpone推迟；这三项语义

不正确，只有。项arrange“支配”符合语境。

4.［A］Aboveall［B］Intheory［C］Intime［D］Forexample

［标准答案］［B］Intheory

［考点分析］上下文语义

［选项分析］逻辑推断题主要是看前后两句的含义，前面说“他可以自己选择自己中意

的伴侣并让父母支配婚姻谈判，或者完全由父母选择对象，不给孩子选择的机会空格后

面说“女方可以推翻她父母所选择的对象。”这两句之间明显是相反的关系，且有一个may,

更证明［B］项Intheory"理论上说"的正确性，而其他选项［A］项Aboveall最重要的是，［C］项

Intime准时，［D］项Forexample举例，均不符合题意。

5.［A］Although［B］Lest［C］After［D］Unless

［标准答案］［C］After

［考点分析］上下文语义

［选项分析］依据下文“aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatesthe

other-"可知，只有对象选择好后，父母才会去调查对方，明显表达的是时间先后依次，

所以只有after才对。其他选项［A］项Although尽管，［B］项Lest以免,生怕，［D］Unless除

非，否则都不符合题意。

6.［A］into［B］within［C］from［D］through

［标准答案］［A］into

［考点分析］上下文语义及介词辨析

［选项分析］这里主要是看marry与相关介词的固定搭配及句意理解。这里marryinto就

是指“通过婚姻得到［成为］……的一员”，而其他选项均没有这层含义。

7.［A］since［B］or［C］but［D］so

［标准答案］［0but

［考点分析］逻辑关系

［选项分析］依据上文“以前婚礼会持续三天”，出处句子意为“到了20世纪80年头，

婚礼只持续一天半”，明显与前文发生转变，为对比关系，因此选择［C］项but但是。

8.[A]copy[B]test[C]recite[D]create

［标准答案］［C］recite

［考点分析］上下文语义及动词辨析

［选项分析］空格处须要填一个动词，和后面的prayersofblessing所搭配，［C］项recite有

“吟诵、朗诵”的意思，与所给短语搭配最为合理，译为“吟诵祝福的祈祷文”。

9.［A］folding［B］piling［C］wrapping［D］tying

［标准答案］［D］tying

［考点分析］上下文语义及动词辨析

［选项分析］本题须要依据上下文语义分析，空格处须要搭配后文“棉线”，纵观四个选

项［A］项折叠，［B］项积累，［CJ项包袱，［D］项系上，依据后文的"aroundthebride'sand

groom,swrists在新郎和新娘的腰间”，只有［D］项“将在圣水中浸过的棉线系在新郎

和新娘的腰间”符合句意。

10.［A］passing［B］lighting［C］hiding［D］serving

［标准答案］［A］passing

［考点分析］上下文语义及动词辨析

［选项分析］原文空格须要填写一个动词与后文“aroundacircle"来搭配，译为“将蜡

烛传一圈”，故［A］项“传递”为正确选项。［B］项点亮，。项隐藏，［D］项服务。

11.［A］meeting［B］collection［C］association［D］union

［标准答案］［D］union

［考点分析］名词辨析

［选项分析］本句语义为“将蜡烛围着华蜜完婚和受人敬重的夫妻传递一圈来祝

福”，［D］项结合，引申为“婚姻”之意；依据语境，［D］项正确。

12.［A］grow［B］part［C］deal［D］live

［标准答案live

［考点分析］上下文语义及动词辨析

［选项分析］本题比较简洁。依据语义“依据传统，新婚夫妇要搬到妻子父母家，与父

母―一年"，［D］项“生活”为最佳答案。［C］项交易，［B］项分开，［A］项成长。

13.［A］whereas［B］until［C］if［D］for

［标准答案］［B］until

［考点分析］时间逻辑关系

［选项分析］本句意为“他们在旁边建立一栋新居子"，［A］项然而，⑻项直到，

ID］项因为，［C］项假如，结合前文“新婚夫妇依据传统要和女方家人生活一年”，前后存在

确定的时间关系，［B］项“直到”最符合原文语境，搭配最为合理。

14.[A]avoid[B]follow[C]challenge[D]obtain

［标准答案］［D］obtain

［考点分析］上下文语义及动词辨析

［选项分析］Divorceislegalandrelativelyeasyto_14_,butnotcommon.该句句意为“离

婚是合法的，且相对简洁J［A］项avoid避开，［B］项follow跟随，［C］项challenge挑战，

质疑，［D］项obtain获得，实现。依据关键词“legal”可知这里表达的是正面的意思，再依

据句意选择［D］项。

15.［A］isolated［B］persuaded［C］viewed［D］exposed

［标准答案］［C］viewed

［考点分析］上下文语义及动词辨析

［选项分析］Divorcedpersonsare_15_withsomedisapproval.离婚的人一些不认可。

本段第一句提到“离婚是合法的且相对简洁得到批准，但是不常见J这句其实是在说明离

婚并不常见的缘由，［A］项isolated孤立,［B］项persuaded劝说,［C］项viewed看待,［D］项exposed

接触，受到……的影响，。项最符合句意。

16.［A］whereever［B］whatever［C］whenever［D］however

［标准答案］［B］whatever

［考点分析］关系代词辨析

［选项分析］Eachspouseretains___16___propertyheorshe_17_intothemarriage.17

小题四个选项都是动词，所以该句意思为：夫妇双方保有财产，这个财产是他或她进婚姻的。

结合［A］项whereever”无论何地;任何（地方）=anyplacewhere（定从）。［B］项whatever

“无论什么；任何（东西）=anythingthat/any+Nthat”；［C］项whenever无论何时；任何时

间二anytimewhen；［D］项however无论如何；无论多么。依据语义，这里应当不是让步的关

系，而且填的这个词还要能修饰property。因此，选择［B］项，等于retainsanypropertythathe

orshe。

17.［A］changed［B］brought［C］sloped［D］pushed

［标准答案］网brought

［考点分析］上下文语义及动词义辨析

［选项分析］Eachspouseretains___16___propertyheorshe_17_intothemarriage,结

合［A］项changed“变更”，［B］项brought“带来”，［C］项shaped"形成"，［D］项pushed”推,

逼迫”。结合语境只有［B］项符合句意，意为“把财产带入婚姻北

18.[A]invested[B]divided[C]donated[D]withdrawn

［标准答案］［B］divided

［考点分析］上下文语义及动词义辨析

［选项分析］…andjointly-acquiredpropertyis_18_equally.结合［A］项invested投资；［B］

项divided支配；分开；［C］项donated捐赠；［D］项withdrawn撤出，提取。依据语义应当是

共同财产被（夫妻双方）平分，因此选择四项。

19.［A］warms［B］clears［C］shows［D］breaks

［标准答案］［C］shows

［考点分析］动词固定搭配

［选项分析］Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice_19_up.该句语义为

离过婚的人或许会再婚，但是性别偏见。［A］项warmup加热，热身；网项clearup（天

气）变晴，整理，消退；。项showup显现；［D］项breakup分裂，分开；依据句意，选择

。项。

20.［A］while［B］sothat［C］once［D］inthat

［标准答案］［A］while

［选项分析］上下文语义

［考点分析］本句句意为：离婚的男性再婚不须要等待期，女性必需等十个月。明显前

后两句存在转折关系，只有［A］项while“然而”能够表达这个意思。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,

B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustry

haslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminary

approvallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.

Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness“bypromoting

extremedieting.

Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbe

definedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That,sastart.Andthebanonultra-thin

modelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath-assomehave

done.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,

especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheir

individualworth.

Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnot

letothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlookto

intangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroor

wasp-waistphysiques.

TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculture

thatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashion

modelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000

fineandsixmonthsinprison.

Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornment

andidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingto

setvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressurefor

enforcement.

IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesand

sanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.Thenewlyrevised

DanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:"Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityforthe

impactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople/Thecharter'smain

toolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagen

FashionWeek,whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesona

name-and-shamemethodofcompliance.

Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybe

thebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerial

standardsofaparticularindustry.

21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.

[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.

[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

【答案】[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined

【解析】推断题。依据France定位到文章前两段，第一段讲法国确定时装业失去了定

义(define)形体美(physicalbeauty)的确定权力。法国的立法者通过了一项法律，雇用超

瘦的模特属于犯罪，议会也禁止网站通过推崇极端节食“鼓动过度瘦弱:其次段其次句提

至lj“Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That's

astart.他们建议美丽不应当以损害身体健康为代价的外表来界定」由此可知，法国通过立

法手段来变更法国时装业模特超瘦的现状，即[A]项的“形体美将会被重新定义”，是对原文

内容的合理推断。[B]项"将会建立新的舞台"，[C]项"有关节食的网站将会兴起"，[D]项"时

装业将会衰退”，均不能从文中推想出来，属于“无中生有二

22.Thephrase“impingingon”(Line2,Para2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]heighteningthevalueof.

[B]indicatingthestateof.

[C]losingfaithin.

[D]doingharmto.

【答案】[D]doingharmto

【解析】猜词题。定位到其次段其次句“Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooks

thatendupimpingingonhealth.他们建议美丽不应当以身体健康为代价的外表来界

定Jimpingingon后面的宾语为“health”，即对健康的某种影响。依据其次段第三句“对

超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是在防止模特挨饿致死一一正如曾有人这么做过的”，可见法国

目前的对美丽的定义导致了有人为了保持身材，挨饿致死，因此推想出这一短语在这里的意

思为“侵扰，损害"，[D]项“对……有害”正确。[A]项"增加了……的价值”，[B]项"反映

了……的状态"，[C]项"对……失去信念”均不符合句意。

23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.

[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

[C]Modelarenolongerunderpeerpressure.

[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

【答案】[B]NewStandardsarebeingsetinDenmark

【解析】微小环节题。依据第五段其次句话“InDenmark,…itistryingtosetvoluntary

standardsformodelsandfashion...在丹麦，它正尝试为模特设定自愿的标准...”，可知[B]

项“在丹麦新的标准正在被设定”是对原文的同义替换。[A]项"法国的措施失败了。

项“不再有来自同行执法的压力。文章第五段其次句后半句提到“imagesthatrelymoreon

peerpressureforenforcement",属于“正反混淆”；[D]项“它固有的问题变得更严峻了”，

文中第五段只提刚好装业有固有的问题，并未提及“变得更严峻”，属于“无中生有二

24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor

[A]settingahighagethresholdformodels.

[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels,character.

[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.

[D]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.

【答案】[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors

【解析】推断题。题设为“一个设计师很可能因为什么缘由被CFW拒绝”，依据关键词

CFW可回到文中定位至倒数其次段，该段提到丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄、健康及其

他特性的内容达成一样看法，且一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤

其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且应当对此担当责任，这一法规的执行方式就是拒

绝一些设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周（CFW）。因此[C]项的“不关切健康因素”

符合题意，为正确答案。[D]项“追求完备的身体状况”，[B]项的“过多关注模特的性格”，

[A]项"设定了一个模特高龄门槛”，均不符合题意。

25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

[B]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

[C]ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance

[D]AChallengetotheFashionlndustry,sBodyIdeals

【答案】[D]AchallengetotheFashionIndustryJsBodyIdeals

【解析】主旨题。本文从首段就起先阐述法国通过立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，时装业己

经失去了定义女性身体之美的确定权力，且议会也禁止网站通过宣扬过度节食来强调过度消

瘦。其次段接着说明美丽不能只看外表，更不能以牺牲健康为代价，时装业应当为传递给女

性的不良信息负责。第三段说明女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。第四段讲法国的措施更

多的是依靠严厉的惩处。最终三段提到了丹麦与法国迥然不同的措施。纵观全文，文章主要

在讲各个国家对解决目前模特超瘦的现状的措施，因此[D]项的“对时装业身体典范的挑战”

是对原文的“高度概括”。

Text2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnow

considerwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthe

phoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethat

upsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsat

thetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnew

andrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia'sadvice.Enoughofthe

implicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdated

guidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia'slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofa

smartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect*s

purse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothrough

thewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone'ssmartphoneis

morelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee'sreadinghistory,

financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.The

developmentof"cloudcomputing,"meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia'sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnology

sometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution'sprotections.OrinKerr;alaw

professor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywith

theestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadto

specifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortout

howtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremeCourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

[A]searchforsuspects*mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

[B]checksuspects*phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

27.Theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'sargumentisoneof

[A]tolerance.

[B]indifference.

[C]disapproval.

[D]cautiousness.

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone'sphonecontentiscomparableto

[A]gettingintoone'sresidence.

[B]handingone'shistoricalrecords.

[C]scanningone'scorrespondences.

[D]goingthroughone'swallet.

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

[D]citizens'privacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

30.0rinKerr'scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

(B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

(C)California'sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

T2

26答案Bchecksuspects'phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized

解析：微小环节题。依据自然段定位原则，定位到首段。依据题干关键词supremecourt,

whether精确定位到第一段最终一句whetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobile

phone-.,与选项进行对应，即为B在不授权的状况下检查嫌疑人的电话信息。留意A选项

应是searchcontentSo

27答案Cdisapproval

解析：看法题。依据题干California'sargument定位到其次段最终一句及第三段首句，

这些句子中提到hard…recklesslymodest…等负向词，表达的是负面看法。看选项属于负面

的就是disapproval。A容忍，B冷漠是典型错误，D马虎。

28答案Agettingintoone'sresidence

解析：微小环节题。题干问：作者认为搜寻电话薄就相当于什么？依据段落界定原则定

位至U第四段转折处，提至I」Butexploringone'ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.

与选项对应，A中的residence对应home,是原文的同意替换。留意D选项不是作者的观点，

不能将文中人物观点当作作者观点。

29答案Dcitizens'privacyisnoteffectiveprotected

解析：微小环节题。依据题干定位到5段和6段，题干问作者最关注的是什么，即是相

应段落的段落中心。因此，该题表面是微小环节题，实质为段落核心。5段首句为中心句提

到，应实行措施爱惜数据隐私；6段又接着陈述原则的不恰当之处。依据这些内容，对应答

案D市民隐私未能得到有效爱惜。

30答案BNewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution

解析：例证题。题干问的是引用OrinKerr的目的是什么，即OrinKen•是论据，其目的

是论点。论点往往在论据的前面，所以要找例子前面的一句话，即New,disruptivetechnology

sometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution'sprotections.与选项对应，就是B

newtechnology是原词复现，require等同于demands,reinterpretationoftheConstitution同

义替换applicationsoftheConstitution'sprotectionso

Text3

uThereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusinesses,“wroteMiltonFriedman,a

Nobelprize-winningeconomist,“Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedto

increaseitsprofits."ButevenifyouacceptFiredman,spremiseandregardcorporatesocial

responsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders?money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutely

clear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleast

whentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.

ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,

accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesin

threeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa“signal”thatacompany'sproducts

areofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany'sproductsasanindirect

waytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse“haloeffect,“

wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.

PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumers

canbeaffectedbyallthree.Arecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbribery

prosecutionsunderAmerica'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsince

prosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany,sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbe

influencedonlybythehaloeffect.

Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSR

programmestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatit

wasfirms'politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:

Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.

Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonits

merits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany,srecordinCSR."Weestimatethateither

eliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabourorincreasingcorporagiving

byabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentfor

bridingforeignofficials,“saysoneresearcher.

Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinesses

oughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect

ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleast

theyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgood

charactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.

31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSRwith

[A]tolerance

[B]skepticism

[C]uncertainty

[D]approval

【答案】[B]

【解析】观点看法题。题干问的是作者对有关CSR方面MiltonFriedman的说法是什么

看法。依据信号词MiltonFriedman这个人定位到首段。留意题干问的是作者的看法，因此

定位到其次句but转折处。But后句子的主干为:thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut,可见

作者对MiltonFriedman所说的内容并不完全赞同，故选择答案[B]项怀疑。[A]项容忍，[C]

项不确定，[D]项赞同，这三项均不是作者的看法，故解除。

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby

[A]winningtrustfromconsumers.

[B]guardingitagainstmalpractices.

[C]protectingitfrombeingdefamed.

[D]raisingthequalityofitsproducts.

【答案】[A]

【解析】微小环节题。依据题干中的出处提示“Paragraph2”定位到其次段其次句：This

couldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.This指的是CSR,依据接下来讲到的三点：第

一点是，消费者认为这样的公司产品质量比较高；其次点是，顾客更情愿购买这样公司的产

品；第三点是，通过一个更为广泛的“晕轮效应”，消费者会更多地考虑这样的公司的产品。

可知，有CSR支出的公司会吸引更多的消费者，[A]项“赢得消费者的信任”，是对整个三点

的总结，故为正确答案。[B]项防止公司里的玩忽耿守，。项爱惜公司免受毁谤，[D]项提

升公司产品的质量，均在原文中未提及，故解除。

33.Theexpression“morelenient'(Line2,Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]moreeffective

[B]lesscontroversial

[C]lesssevere

[D]morelasting

【答案】[C]

【解析】猜词题。依据题干中的出处提示“line2,para.4”及信号词"morelenient"定

位到原文中的第四段第一句：明显此句中修饰

Thestudyfoundthat...penaltiesomorelenient

penalties(惩处)，要想推想出morelenient的含义，须要知道被起诉的公司中，那些有着全

面的CSR项目的公司和penalties之间的联系。本项在第五段的最终一句最简洁被看出来，

第五段最终一句提到那些在CSR有较大投资的公司，当被起诉有贿赂行为时，所受到的罚金

要比通常的罚金低40%左右，可知这样的公司会受到较轻的惩处，故morelenient是较轻，

即较不严峻的意思，故选[C]项。[A]项更有效的，[B]项较少有争议的，[D]项更许久的，

这三项均不是morelenient的意思，故解除。

34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany*sCSRrecord

[A]hasanimpactontheirdecision.

[B]comesacrossasreliableevidence.

[C]increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized.

[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigation.

【答案】[A]

【解析】微小环节题。题干问的是CSRrecord与prosecutorsevaluateacase的关系，

依据题干中的信号词prosecutorsevaluateacase可回文中定位到第五段第一句：Inall...in

CSRo这里的beinfluenced与[A]项hasanimpact对应,即一个公司的CSR会影响检察官对

其案件的评估，故选[A]项。网项被检察官认为是牢靠的证据，。项增加了被惩处的机会，

[D]项构成了调查的一部分，这三项均在原文中没有提及，故解除。

35.WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastparagraph?

[A]Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.

[B]Thenecessaryamountofcompanies'spendingonitisunknown.

[C]Companies'financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.

[D]Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.

【答案】[B]

【解析】推断题题干问的是依据最终一段，有关CSR的论述哪个是对的。定位到原文最

终一段，依据其内容可知“探讨人员承认到其探讨没有回答如下问题：公司应当在CSR方面

花费多少钱”。［B］项的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花费是未知的”，属于原文的同义替换，

故正确。［A］项CSR对公司的负面影响经常被忽视，［C］项公司对CSR的经济担当力被过高

估计了，［D］项CSR给银行业带来了许多好处，这三项在文中均为提及，故解除。

Text4

Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch'sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe''unsettlingdearthof

integrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions".Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofa

collectiveacceptancethattheonly"sortingmechanism"insocietyshouldbeprofitandthe

market.But"it'sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit".

Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:"It'sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceof

purpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthe

mostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom."Thissameabsenceofmoralpurposewas

woundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwould

loseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.

Asthehackingtrialconcludes-findingguiltyone