江苏省重点中学2022-2023学年高一年级下册期初英语试卷(含答案)

江苏省重点中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期初英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

TherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomenintheAntarctic.Herearefour

landmarksinAntarcticaandthey'renamedforthefemalepioneers.

JonesTerrace（梯田）

Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica'sVictoriaLandbearsJonesname.In1969,

geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheUStoworkin

Antarctica.Jonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweathering（风化作用）intheMcMurdoDry

Valleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhad

collected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley'sice-

coveredlakes.

MountFineness

8,202-foot-highMountFineness,locatedonAntarctica9slargestisland-Alexander

Island-isnamedforGinnyFineness.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowers

intheAntarctic.In1985,FinenessbecamethefirstfemaleinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,

aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarctic

region.FrancisPeak

FrancisPeak

The3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica'sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJane

Francis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolar

researchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina

2021paperthatAntarctica'sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuch

warmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.

PedenCliffs

PedenCliffsnearAntarctica'sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.

ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,whereshe

usedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequency

radiowavesspreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.Theyalso

usedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.

1、WhichofthefollowingisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic?

A.PedenCliffs.B.FrancisPeak.

C.MountFineness.D.JonesTerrace.

2、WhohelpedprovetheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctica?

A.IrenePeden.B.DameJaneFrancis.

C.GinnyFineness.D.LoisM.Jones.

3、WhatwasspecialaboutIrenePedenaccordingtothetext?

A.ShecouldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.

B.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.

C.ShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarctic.

D.Shecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingspeedofradiowaves.

SeytonThomasisacollegestudentwithaheartofgiving.Shehasexperienced

challengesinherlifethatsculptedherdrivetolightasparkinyoungchildrenfromall

backgroundstodevelopleadership,perseverance,compassionandself-love.Shesays,

"Serviceiswhatsavedme,andIhopethatthisisamessagethatIcanspreadtotheyouth

acrosstheworld."

Duringthepandemic,SeytonThomasorganizedadiversegroupofyoungpeopletohelp

alocalcrisiscenter.TheCommunityCrisisCenterinMiami,Oklahoma,isahomethatgives

shelterandotherservicestowomenandchildrenwhoaresufferingfromdomesticabuse.The

crisiscenterdependsonvolunteerstohelpthewomenandchildrenreceiveencouragement

andabreakfromstress,butthepandemicmadevolunteerinteractiondifficult.

Seytongottheideafromthecrisiscenterdirectorofpaintingencouragingmessageson

stonesandhidingtheminthelawnofthecrisiscenterforthechildrentofind.Seytonpulled

togetherotherstudentsfromthePhiThetaKappaHonorSocietyandhercollegesoccerteam.

Togethertheyoungpeoplecollectedstones,paintedkindmessagesandfilledtwoboxesfull

offunandcolorfulstones.Thentheygavethemtothecrisiscentertohide.Thechildrenat

thecrisiscenterweredelightedtofindandreadthesemessages.Theythoughthighlyofthe

experienceaswellasthewordscomingfromcommunitymemberswhotooktimetomake

themrealizetheywerevalued.

Seytonreflectswiththegroupofvolunteersthattheprojectisagreatwaytobring

peopletogetherpositivelyinthecommunitytodosomethingforthegoodofothers.Theytalk

abouthowservingotherscanmakeadifferencetosomeone'slife.Itseemsthatthedeedisas

smallasastone,buttheimpactcanbeaslargeasamountain.

4、WhomdoestheCommunityCrisisCentermainlyhelp?

A.Poorfamilies.B.Homelessorphans.

C.Victimsoffamilyviolence.D.Pandemicdiseasesufferers.

5、HowdidSeytonThomashelpthecrisiscenter?

A.Byraisingafundforallkidsinthecenter.

B.Byspreadingusefulnewsaboutthepandemic.

C.Byencouraginghersoccerteammemberstodonate.

D.Bypresentinginspiringmessagestochildreninthecenter.

6、WhatkindofpersonisSeytonThomas?

A.Curiousandoptimistic.B.Kind-heartedandcaring.

C.Seriousandmodest.D.Creativeandeducated.

7、Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Smallstonesmakeabigdifference

B.Volunteerworkhasgreatbenefits

C.Findhopeduringdifficulttimes

D.Givingisbetterthanreceiving

Itisreportedthatthesenseofsmellplaysadominantroleinthesocialinteractionsofall

landanimalsexcepthumans.Thenthequestionarises:Isthisbecausehumansdon'tusetheir

nosesinsocialsettingsthewayallotherlandanimalsdo?Oristhisbehaviorcovert（隐蔽的）,

ratherthanovert,inhumans?

Infact,thisisexactlywhatInbalRavreby,agraduatestudentinProfNoamSobel's

laboratoryinWeizmann'sBrainSciencesDepartment,triedtoanswer.Andasseverallinesof

evidencesuggestthathumansareconstantly,althoughmostlysubconsciously,sniffing

themselvesandothers,Ravrebysupposedthatthelatteristhecase.

Totestherhypothesis,Ravrebyconductedthestudywithpairsofclickfriends:same-sex

nonromanticfriendswhosefriendshipshadoriginallyformedveryrapidly.Becausesuch

friendshipsemergepriortoanin-depthacquaintance,theymaybeparticularlyinfluencedby

physiologicalcharacteristicssuchasbodysmell.Shethencollectedbodysmellsamplesfrom

theseclickfriendsandconductedtwosetsofexperimentstocomparethesampleswiththose

collectedfromrandompairsofindividuals.Inonesetofexperiments,sheperformedthe

comparisonwithadeviceknownasanelectronicnose,oreNose,whichassessedthe

chemicalsignaturesofthesmells.Intheother,sheaskedvolunteerstosmellthetwogroups

ofbodysmellsamplesinordertoassesssimilaritiesmeasuredbyhumanperception.Inboth

typesofexperiments,clickfriendswerefoundtosmellsignificantlymorelikeeachother

thantheindividualsintherandompairs.

Next,toruleoutthepossibilitythatbodysmellsimilaritywasaconsequenceofclick

friendships,ratherthanacontributingcause,Ravrebyperformedanadditionalsetof

experiments,inwhichsheusedtheeNoseto"smell“anumberofvolunteerswhowere

completestrangerstooneanother,andthenaskedthemtoengageinnonverbal俳言语的）

socialinteractionsinpairs.Aftereachsuchstructuredinteraction,theparticipantsratedthe

otherindividualintermsofhowmuchtheylikedthatperson.Subsequentanalysisrevealed

thattheindividualswhohadmorepositiveinteractionsindeedsmelledmorelikeeachother,

asdeterminedbytheeNose.

“Theseresultsimplythat,asthesayinggoes,thereischemistryinsocialchemistry,

Ravrebyconcludes.However,Sobelofferswordsofcaution,"Thisisnottosaythatweact

likedogsorgoats一humanslikelyrelyonother,farmoredominantsignalsintheirsocial

decision-making.Nevertheless,ourstudy'sresultsdosuggestthatournoseplaysabigger

rolethanpreviouslythoughtinourchoiceoffriends.^^

8、WhatdidInbalRavrebywanttofigureout?

A.Whetherhumanshaveasharpsenseofsmell.

B.Whetherhumans9nosescandetectalltypesofsmells.

C.Whetheritisnecessaryforhumanstosniffotherpeople.

D.Whetherthesenseofsmellplaysaroleinhumans9interaction.

9、Whatmakesthefirsttwosetsofexperimentsdifferentfromeachother?

A.Thewaytomakecomparisons.

B.Theparticipationofrandompairs.

C.ThewayvolunteersusedtheeNose.

D.Thenumberofpairsofclickfriends.

10、WhydidRavrebyinvolvecompletestrangersinthefollowingexperiments?

A.Todeterminethereliabilityofthefinding.

B.Toavoidinteractionsbetweenclickfriends.

C.Tomaketheexperimentsmuchmoreinteresting.

D.TotesttheaccuracyoftheeNoseinsmellanalysis.

11、WhatisSobersattitudetowardstheresearchfinding?

A.Disapproving.B.Doubtful.C.Positive.D.Indifferent.

Unlessyou'reblindorknowsomeonewhois,youmightnotknowthatblindpeopleuse

thesamesmartphonesassightedpeople.Infact,manyblindpeopleusetouch-screen

smartphoneseveryday.Thesecretisthatsmartphoneshaveascreenreader,atoolthatallows

blindpeopletouseamixofgesturesandtaps,alongwithvibrations（震动）oraudiofeedback,

tousetheirapps.

Screenreadersworkondesktopcomputersaswellasmobiledevices.Awell-designed

websiteorappuserinterface（用户界面）makestheinformationonthewebsiteorapp

accessibletothescreenreader,whichmakesitaccessibletoblindusers.However,abadly

designedwebsiteorapplicationwillturnouttobeinvisibletoascreenreader.

Manydesignersfindagoodwaytomaketechnologyavailabletoall,whichcanbe

explainedthroughanexample-thewholetouchscreen.Itwasreportedthatblindusers

foundlocatingsmalliconsandspecificnumbersontheon-screenkeypad（键盘）difficult.At

present,theprevailingsolutiontothisproblemistousethewholetouchscreenasaninput

control.Insteadofhavingtotouchaparticularpartofthescreen,userscantapanywherein

responsetoaudioinstructions.Theseinsightswouldhavebeenimpossiblewithoutinvolving

peoplewithdifferentdisabilitiesintheevaluationanddesignoftouchscreens.

Yetmanytechnologiesarestillnotaccessibletouserswithdisabilities.Onewaytomake

appsandwebsitesmoreaccessibleistohavepeoplewithdisabilitiesdesigningthe

technologies.Butthedesignprocessitselfisnotveryaccessibletothoseverypeople,because

veryfewtoolsinuserinterfacedesigners9toolboxareaccessible.Ifsacatch-22.

Ourrecentresearchevaluatedtheexistingprototypingsoftware,atoolallowinguser

interfacedesignerstocreatetemporarymodelstoshowclientsortotestamongusers.We

foundthatmostpopularprototypingsoftwarefailstoworktogetherwithscreenreaders.

Therefore,blinddesignerscannotusetheprototypingsoftwaretocreatemodelsoftheirown.

Thisiswheretheproblemisintheprocessofcreatingaccessibletechnology.

Accessibilityisanissuethattoucheseveryone.Providingaccesstotechnologyislegally

requiredinmostcases.Whileitisusefulfordesignerstobeawareofhowuserswith

disabilitiesinteractwithtechnologies,themostpowerfulinsightsmaycomefromthosewith

disabilitiesthemselves.

12、Whafsthemajordifferencebetweenawell-designedappandabadlydesignedone?

A.Theformerfunctionswellwithascreenreader.

B.Theformerisapplicabletomostmobiledevices.

C.Thelatterfailstointeractwithdesktopcomputers.

D.Thelatter9scomplexmixofinformationdistractsusers.

13、Whatdomanydesignersthinkisagoodwaytomaketechnologyfriendlytoall?

A.Evaluatingusers9responsetoon-screenkeypads.

B.Makinginputandoutputcontrolseasytooperate.

C.Creatingspecialiconsandnumbersforblindpeople.

D.Includingdisabledpeopleinthedevelopmentprocess.

14、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catch-22"inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Priority.B.Prejudice.C.Dilemma.D.Puzzle.

15、Whafstheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Toshowdisabledpeople'sdifficultyinusingdigitaldevices.

B.Tourgepeopletobeconcernedaboutthesituationofthedisabled.

C.Toinformusofthespecificneedsofthedisabledinthedigitalera.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofengagingthedisabledintechnologydevelopment.

二、七选五

16、Thetypicalcellphoneusertoucheshisorherphone2,617timeseveryday.Most

peoplespend3hoursontheirphoneseachday.Theeffectsofthisusageareshocking:

reducingthequalityofconversationsandnegativelyaffectingshort-termmemoryand

problemsolving.①.Howcanyoucutdownonyourusageofcellphones?The

followingaresomemethodssuggestedbyexperts.

Keeptoyourschedule.

Youcouldsetalarmsspecifyinghowoftenyoucancheckyourphone.②.When

youralarmsounds,readandhandlenotifications（通知）andthenputdownthephone.To

reduceresponseanxiety,tellyourfriendsorfamilythatyoumaynotrespondtotheir

messagesasquicklyasyouusedto.

Createno-phonetimezones.

Duringworkinghours,ifyou'reconstantlyupsetbyyourphonegoingoff,youwon't

remainfocusedonthework.Therefore,youcouldcreateano-phonetimezone.（3）.

Soyoucanconcentrateontheworkinfrontofyou.

④.

Oneideaistoreplacesomesmartphonefunctionswithrealobjects.Forexample,

purchasearadioalarmclockinsteadofdependingonyourphonetowakeyouup,andstart

yournewyearbybuyinganewnotebook,soyoucanwriteyourappointmentandto-dolist

thereinsteadofinyourphone.

Putahairband（发带）aroundyourphone.

Whenplacedinthemiddleofthephone,thehairbandallowsuserstoanswerphonecalls

easily,butmakesotherusesofthephonemoredifficult.Everytimeyouwanttouseyour

phone,thisbringsaboutamindfulnessexerciseandmakesyouaskyourselfwhatyour

intentionis.Ifyoureallywanttousethephone,setyourintentionforwhyandremovethe

hairband.⑤.Choosethemethodsmostsuitableforyoursituationandmakeefforts

toavoidtoomuchuseofcellphones.

A.Reduceyourreliance

B.Learntolivealifewithoutphones

C.Peoplegetaddictedtosmartphonesfordifferentreasons

D.Forexample,everyhalf-hour,every45minutesoreveryhour

E.Andtherelationbetweenphoneaddictionandmentalillnessisalarming

F.Thepracticehelpsavoidmindlesslyunlockingyourphoneevery3minutes

G.Shutyourphoneforatleast2hoursofyourday,whenyou'remostproductive

三、完形填空（15空）

Onlyayearapartinage,DeAnnaEllenbergerPursaiandhersister,Angel,called

themselvestwins.Butthere'sonebig]betweenthem.

AsAngelwasbornwithDownsyndrome（唐氏综合征），somestrangers2placing

herinaninstitution.Hermom3andsaidshewasgoingtotakeAngelhome.

Beingabletosinganddanceastheypleased,PursaiandAngelshareda（n）4

childhood.ThenPursaiwentofftoPurdueUniversity.

Atage22,Angelhadto5school.Angelwastooincapabletofindasenseof__6

indayprogramsinherruralcommunity,andtherewerenootherlocalcollegesforadultslike

Angel.ItwaswhenPursaisawhersisterlieonthecouchallthetimethatshe7how

differentAngerslifehadbeenfromhers.

8in2008,PursaimetDr.PamLindsay,whohasadaughterwithautism（自闭症）.

Theytalkedaboutthe9ofeducationoptionsforadultswithintellectualdisabilities.And

in2009,they10theCollegeofAdaptiveArtsinSanJose,California,forthisgroupwith

11needsbutnoaccesstohighereducation.

Todate,they'vehadnearly350studentsenrolled（招募）.Manyparentshaveexpressed

12thattheirchildfoundasafespacetolearn,growanddevelopfriendships.

“Thereareadultswhoare13becausetheycanhardlyfindatraditionalcollegethat

14theirneedsJPursaisaid."Butwhenyougivethemasafespace,it'sanunbelievable

15

17、A.secretB.appointmentC.differenceD.conflict

18、A.recommendedB.triedC.avoidedD.

admitted

19、A.arrivedB.declinedC.approvedD.followed

20、A.toughB.awkwardC.stressfulD.amazing

21、A.getoffB.getridofC.getoutofD.getover

22、A.securityB.accomplishmentC.confidenceD.community

23、A.agreedB.provedC.recalledD.realized

24、A.DisappointedlyB.Gratefully

C.FortunatelyD.Regretfully

25、A.lackB.varietyC.balanceD.freedom

26、A.visitedB.contactedC.attendedD.founded

27、A.financialB.medicalC.specialD.emotional

28、A.concernB.determinationC.doubtD.relief

29、A.strugglingB.competingC.floatingD.emerging

30、A.submitstoB.caterstoC.stickstoD.refersto

31、A.invitationB.challengeC.changeD.adventure

四、语法填空

32、Theprofessorwillgivealecture_______（concern）pollutionandtherainforest.（所给词

的适当形式填空）一

33、________（expose）tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.

34、Iambeginningtofeelembarrassedbymycomplete_______（ignore）ofworldhistory.

（用单词的适当形式填空）

35、Adiet_______（lack）nutrientswillnotke叩apersonhealthy.（所给词的适当形式填空）

36、Theuniversitieshaveexpanded,thus_______（allow）manymorepeoplethechanceof

highereducation.（所给词的正确形式填空）

37、Actsof_______（generous）canchangelivesorjustgiveyouthatwarmfeelingfullof

love.（所给词的适当形式填空）J

38、Hefeltitwouldbehisdignitytocomment.（用适当的词填空）

39、TheStudents9Unionislikeahugestage,_______everyonesparesnoefforttoachieve

theirdreams.（用适当的词填空）

40>Thechairmanthought_______necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthe

meeting.

41、Muchtothecouple'scomfort,theirincomeisnowdoubleitwasfiveyearsago.

（用适当的词填空）

五、短文填空

42、RE,abikinglifestylecompanyinBeijing,runsjustoneofthecityclubsthathave

startedtogathercoolbikerstogether.Thecompany,sshopsnotonlyprovidebicyclegear(装

备)and①(product),butalsohavecafesandflowerandclothingsectionsasitaims②

(promote)bikecultureasalifestylechoiceandalsoexpandthescale(范围)and

togethernessofthebikingcommunityinthecity.

LuoYuan,CEOofRE,toldtheGlobalTimesthatthecyclingculturehaslongexistedin

Chinaandnowascene(3)wasoncecommonplaceduringthe1980s,lotsofpeople(4)

(ride)bikes,hasreturned.

“Thepositiveideaofsportscanmeettoday9surban(城市的)riders9longingfor⑤

modem,eco-friendlylifestyle.Ridingabike⑥(be)becomingaformofspiritual

healingformoreandmorepeople/9Luonoted.

Bikingcirclesarenotjustconnectedthroughshopsbutalsoonlinecommunities.Taking

theRE'sonlineplatform⑦example,ithasmorethan20,000(8)(register)

onlinemembersandover20sub-communities,inwhichbikersjoinin⑨(create)

eventssuchasdesigningtheirownridingclothesfromrecycledmaterials.

SuchtrendscanalsobeseenonsocialmediaplatformssuchasmediareviewsiteDouban

andlifestyleplatformLittleRedBook,onwhichexperiencedridersshare⑩(they)

designedroutesandexperiences.

六、书面表达

43、假定你是李华，想邀请你校交换生Allen一同参观正在市艺术中心举办的以My

People,MyCountry为主题的书法绘画展(calligraphyandpaintingexhibition)□请给他写

一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1.参观目的；

2.参观内容；

3.约定时间。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

七、完成句子

44、AseachNewYear'sDaycomesnear,peopleoften（反省）theirgainsandlosses

intheyear.（根据汉语提示完成句子）

45、Thecompanypromisesthatthenewproductisenvironmentallyfriendlybecauseitcan

（分解）naturallywithoutproducinganythingharmful.（根据汉语提示完成句子）

46、Theorganizationhopesthatthenewmanagerwill（注入活力）thewholeteam

whosespirithasbeenbrokenbythecompetitor.（根据汉语提示完成句子）

47、TheAmazonRiver,fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname,iscloseto6,400kilometres

（长度）.（根据汉语提示完成句子）」

48、Therewillbeabigsurprise_______（等待着某人）herwhenshegetshometonight!（根

据汉语提示完成句子）\,

49、Today,I'llgiveyouashortintroductiontosomeaspectsoffilm-makingyoumightnot

（熟悉）.（根据汉语提示完成句子）-“

50>Chinesebusinessmen（对...挑易!J）thedetails,especiallyintheaspectof

quality.（根据汉语提示完成句子）

51>Makingexerciseadailyroutinewill,（相应地，转而），improveyourimmune

system.（根据汉语提示完成句子）

52、Whenfeartakescontrolofourmind,mostofuswillbe（茫然）anddon'tknow

whattodo.（根据汉语提示完成句子）

53、Itis（典型）hertoforgetalltheimportantthings.（根据汉语提示完成句子）

八、选词填空

54、选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子。有两个单词为多余词。

establishspecificweavedevotemajorsurviveimpression

①Hehadalwaysonhischildrenthatiftheyworkedhardtheywouldsucceedinlife.

②Thedoctortoldthepatienfsfamilythathehada75%chanceof.

③Whensomeonecooksamealforusthatwedon'tlike,theofuswilltellawhite

lieandsaythefoodisdelicious.

④Thegovernmenthasacommitteetorebuildthehistoricbuildinginthetown.

⑤tohiswork,hehasnotimetoaccompanyhischildren.

参考答案

I、答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据MountFineness部分的介绍中“Sheestablishedandmaintained

80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.（她在南极建立并维护了80英尺高的无线电塔）”

可知，GinnyFineness在南极建造并维护了无线电发射塔，MountFineness正是以她的

名字命名的。故选C项。

2、答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据FrancisPeak部分的介绍中“Hercollectionoffossilson

SeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica'sabundantplantfossils

indicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.（她在西摩岛U攵

集的化石有助于在2021的一篇论文中得出结论：南极洲丰富的植物化石表明，该大陆

曾经的气候比现在温暖得多）”可知，DameJaneFrancis搜集的植物化石帮助证实了南极

洲地区以前的气候比现在的温暖得多。故选B项。

3、答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据PedenCliffs部分的介绍中“Theyalsousedvaryingradiowave

frequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.（他们还使用不同的无线电波

频率来测量南极洲冰盖的厚度）”可知，IrenePeden能够测量出南极洲冰原的厚度。故

选A项。

4、答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“TheCommunityCrisisCenterinMiami,Oklahoma,isa

homethatgivesshelterandotherservicestowomenandchildrenwhoaresufferingfrom

domesticabuse.（俄克拉何马州迈阿密的社区危机处理中心为遭受家庭虐待的妇女和儿

童提供住所和其他服务）”可知，社区危机处理中心主要帮助家庭暴力的受害者。故选

C项。

5、答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Seytongottheideafromthecrisiscenterdirectorof

paintingencouragingmessagesonstonesandhidingtheminthelawnofthecrisiscenterfor

thechildrentofind.（Seyton从危机处理中心主任那里得到了一个主意，就是在石头上画

上鼓励性的信息，然后把它们藏在危机处理中心的草坪上，让孩子们找到）”可知，

Seyton是通过向危机处理中心的孩子们展示石头上的鼓励性的信息来提供帮助的。故

选D项。

6、答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"SeytonThomasisacollegestudentwithaheartof

giving.（SeytonThomas是一个有奉献之心的大学生）”以及第二段“Duringthepandemic,

SeytonThomasorganizedadiversegroupofyoungpeopletohelpalocalcrisiscenter.（在大

流行病期间，SeytonThomas组织了一个多元化的年轻人团体，来帮助当地的一个危机

处理中心）”可知，SeytonThomas有奉献之心，并为当地的危机处理中心提供帮助，所

以SeytonThomas是心地善良且乐于助人的。故选B项。

7、答案：A

解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段“Seytongottheideafromthecrisiscenterdirectorof

paintingencouragingmessagesonstonesandhidingtheminthelawnofthecrisiscenterfor

thechildrentofind.（Seyton从危机处理中心主任那里得到了一•个主意，就是在石头上画

上鼓励性的信息，然后把它们藏在危机处理中心的草坪上，让孩子们找到）”以及最后

一段“Itseemsthatthedeedisassmallasastone,buttheimpactcanbeaslargeasa

mountain.（这件事情看起来像石头一样小，但影响却可能像大山一样大）”可知，本文主

要讲述了SeytonThomas使用石头为危机处理中心的孩子们提供鼓励性的信息，产生

了有益的影响，所以“小石子有大影响”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。

8、答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"Itisreportedthatthesenseofsmellplaysadominantrole

inthesocialinteractionsofalllandanimalsexcepthumans.Thenthequestionarises:Isthis

becausehumansdon'tusetheirnosesinsocialsettingsthewayallotherlandanimalsdo?Or

isthisbehaviorcovert,ratherthanovert,inhumans?（据报道，嗅觉在除人类之外的所有陆

地动物的社会互动中起着主导作用。那么问题来了：这是因为人类不像其他陆地动物

那样在社交环境中使用鼻子吗？或者人类的这种行为是隐蔽的，而不是公开的？广以

及第二段“Infact,thisisexactlywhatInbalRavreby,agraduatestudentinProf.Noam

Sobel'slaboratoryinWeizmann'sBrainSciencesDepartment,triedtoanswer.（事实上，这

正是魏兹曼脑科学系诺姆・索贝尔教授实验室的研究生InbalRavreby试图回答的问题）”

可推知，InbalRavreby想弄清楚的是嗅觉是否在人类的互动中起作用。故选D项。

9、答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Inonesetofexperiments,sheperformedthecomparison

withadeviceknownasanelectronicnose,oreNose,whichassessedthechemicalsignatures

ofthesmells.Intheother,sheaskedvolunteerstosmellthetwogroupsofbodysmell

samplesinordertoassesssimilaritiesmeasuredbyhumanperception.Inbothtypesof

experiments,clickfriendswerefoundtosmellsignificantlymorelikeeachotherthanthe

individualsintherandompairs.（在一组实验中，她与一种叫做电子鼻或者eNose的电子

设备进行了比较，该设备评估了气味的化学特征。另一组实验中，她让志愿者闻两组

体味样本，以评估人类感知的相似性。在这两种类型的实验中，点击好友的气味明显

比随机配对的人更相似）”可知，两组实验中，进行比较时，所使用的方式不同。故选

A项。

10、答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Next,toruleoutthepossibilitythatbodysmellsimilarity

wasaconsequenceofclickfriendships,ratherthanacontributingcause,Ravrebyperformed

anadditionalsetofexperiments,inwhichsheusedtheeNoseto“smell“anumberof

volunteerswhowerecompletestrangerstooneanother,andthenaskedthemtoengagein

nonverbalsocialinteractionsinpairs.（接下来，为了排除身体气味相似性是点击友谊的结

果，而不是促成原因的可能性，Ravreby进行了一组额外的实验，在实验中，她使用

eNose来“闻”一些彼此完全陌生的志愿者，然后让他们两人进行非言语社交互动）”可

知，Ravreby进行了一组额外的实验，让完全陌生的志愿者参与实验，是为了排除身体

气味相似性是点击友谊的结果这一可能性，确定发现的可靠性。故选A项。

11、答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"Nevertheless,ourstudy'sresultsdosuggestthatour

noseplaysabiggerrolethanpreviouslythoughtinourchoiceoffriends.（不过，我们的研究

结果确实表明，我们的鼻子在我们选择朋友时所起的作用比以前想象的更大）”可推

知，索贝尔肯定了研究的结果，对于研究结果的态度是赞同的。故选C项。

12、答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Awell-designedwebsiteorappuserinterface（用户界

面）makestheinformationonthewebsiteorappaccessibletothescreenreader,whichmakes

itaccessibletoblindusers.However,abadlydesignedwebsiteorapplicationwillturnoutto

beinvisibletoascreenreader.（一个设计良好的网站或应用程序用户界面可以让屏幕阅

读器访问网站或应用程序上的信息，这使得盲人用户也可以访问。然而，一个设计糟

糕的网站或应用程序对屏幕阅读器来说是不可见的。）”可知，设计良好的应用程序和

设计糟糕的应用程序相比较，前者与屏幕阅读器配合使用效果很好。故选A项。

13、答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Manydesignersfind