河南省信阳某校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省信阳某校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学英语试题第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatarethespeakersgoingtodoonSaturday?A.Enjoyaconcert.B.Gotothecinema.C.Playcomputergames.2.Whenwillthetrainprobablyleave?A.At10:00.B.At10:30.C.At10:45.3.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeel?A.Excited.B.Unhappy.C.Surprised.4.Whydoesthewomancongratulatetheman?A.He’sgettingmarried.B.Hebecomesadoctor.C.He’sjustbecomeafather.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Asaying.B.Agame.C.Aheartdisease.第二节：(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.InalibraryB.Inthewoman’sstudy.C.Inasecond-handbookstore.7.Whenwillthespeakersgoonvacation?A.Inthreedays.B.Infivedays.C.Intendays.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhatdidSarahdoalmosteverydayduringhertrip?A.Sheplayedthepiano.B.Shewentswimming.C.Shedidherhomework.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Guideandtourist.C.Teacherandstudent.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whodoesthemanwanttotalkto?A.PeterGriffin.B.JaneSolomon.C.MariaFernandez.11.Whatdoesthemanneed?A.Aphonenumber.B.After-salesservice.C.Projectinformation.12.Whatdoesthemandointheend?A.Havelunchwiththewoman.B.Givethewomanhisemailaddress.C.Arrangeameetingwiththewoman.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdoesthemanprobablyteach?A.Math.B.History.C.Physics.14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthegirl’squestion?A.It’ssilly.B.It’sdifficult.C.It’sworthasking.15.WhatcanwelearnaboutFibonacci?A.Hewasthebestmathematicianever.B.Hehadpoorhealththroughouthislife.C.Heputforwardanewnumbersequence.16.Whatisthefifthnumberinthenumbersequence?A.2.B.3.C.5.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdoweknowabouttheweatherlastweek?A.Itwasdry.B.Itwasstormy.C.Itwascold.18.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestdoing?A.Drivingslowly.B.Avoidinggoingout.C.Preparingenoughfood.19.Whatcanpeopleexpectnextmonth?A.Heavyrainfall.B.Extremecold.C.Strongwinds.20.WhoisprobablyDan?A.Aweatherman.B.Asportsjournalist.C.Afinancenewshost.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALeather-makinginFlorencedatesbackhundredsofyearstothe13thcentury.AlookatleathercraftsmeninFlorencewillhelpyouknowmoreaboutItalianleather.Theleatherfactory－PIEROTUCCIJoinafreetourofthefactoryandyou’llgetadeepdiveintotheprocessofmakingahandbag.Afterseeingwhatittakestomakeabagbyhand,you’llnolongerwonderwhyPIEROTUCCIpricescomewithtwozerosattheend.Andyou’llknowthatifyoudospendthemoney,thebagwilllastforeverTheleathershoestore—STEFANOBEMERSTEFANOBEMERwasfamousforitshand-tailoredshoes.Theelegantstorethatsellsshoesthatcosthundreds，andinsomecasesthousands，ofdollarsisalsowhereapprentices(学徒)learntheirskills:visibleinthefrontsectionofthestore.Theleatherschool—ScuoladelCuoioWalkingintothecourtyardoftheScuoladelCuoiofeelsalittlelikewalkingontoaminicollegecampus.Youleavethebusystreetasyouenterthehistoricbuilding.Theschoolspecializesinmakingone-of-a-kindbagsandinteachingpayingstudentsthesecretsofhigh-qualityleatherworking.Thebookbinding(书籍装订)store——IlTorchioIlTorchioisabeautifulbookbindingstorerunbyErinCiulla.IfyouaskCiulla,shemighttakeyoutoseethe“guillotine”,whichisactuallyaverylarge,antique-lookingmachinethat’susedtocutlargeamountsofpaper.Beyondbindingwithleathercovers,Ciullaalsocoversbooks,journals,andphotoalbumsinhand-madepapers.1.WhatisthemainreasonforPierotucci’shighprice?A.Thespecialmaterial. B.Thehandmadeprocess.C.Thehighcostofthevisit. D.Thelonghistoryofthefactory.2.Whichplacesprovidetheopportunitytolearnleather-making?A.PierotucciandIlTorchio. B.SeuoladelCuoioandIlTorchio.C.PierotucciandStefanoBemer. D.StefanoBemerandScuoladelCuoio.3.Whatcanyoudointhebookbindingstore?A.Buyahigh-qualityleatherbag.B.Buyanantique-lookingmachine.C.Haveaphotoalbumcoveredwithleather.D.Havetheleathercoverscutbytheguillotine.〖答案〗1.B2.D3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了佛罗伦萨的皮革制造商的历史，包括PIEROTUCCI、STEFANOBEMER、ScuoladelCuoio和IlTorchio等四个皮革制造商各自的特色。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章的Theleatherfactory－PIEROTUCCI部分可知，“Afterseeingwhatittakestomakeabagbyhand,you’llnolongerwonderwhyPIEROTUCCIpricescomewithtwozerosattheend.Andyou’llknowthatifyoudospendthemoney,thebagwilllastforever.”（在看到手工制作一个袋子需要什么之后，你不会再奇怪为什么PIEROTUCCI的价格在结尾处会有两个零。你会知道，如果你真的花了钱，这个袋子将永远存在。）可知，这个袋子贵的原因是，这是手工制作的。B项“Thehandmadeprocess.”（手工制作工艺。）符合原文表述，故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章Theleathershoestore—STEFANOBEMER部分的“Theelegantstorethatsellsshoesthatcosthundreds，andinsomecasesthousands，ofdollarsisalsowhereapprenticeslearntheirskills:visibleinthefrontsectionofthestore.”（这家优雅的商店出售的鞋子价格高达数百美元，有时甚至数千美元，也是学徒们学习技能的地方：可以在商店的前面看到。）和Theleatherschool—ScuoladelCuoio部分“Youleavethebusystreetasyouenterthehistoricbuilding.Theschoolspecializesinmakingone-of-a-kindbagsandinteachingpayingstudentsthesecretsofhigh-qualityleatherworking.”（当你进入历史建筑时，你离开繁忙的街道。这所学校专门制作独一无二的皮包，并教授付费学生高质量皮革加工的秘诀。）可知，在STEFANOBEMER和ScuoladelCuoio可以有学习皮革制作的机会。故选D项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一部分Thebookbinding(书籍装订)store——IlTorchio的“Beyondbindingwithleathercovers,Ciullaalsocoversbooks,journals,andphotoalbumsinhand-madepapers.”（除了用皮革封面装订外，Ciulla还用手工纸装订书籍、期刊和相册。）可知，可以获得一本用皮革覆盖的相册。C项“Haveaphotoalbumcoveredwithleather.”（有一本用皮革覆盖的相册。）符合原文表述。故选C项。B“Everythinghappensforthebest,”mymothersaidwheneverIfaceddisappointment."Ifyoucancarryon,onedaysomethinggoodwillhappen.Andyou'llrealizethatitwouldn'thavehappenedifnotforthatpreviousdisappointment."Motherwasright,asIdiscoveredaftergraduatingfromcollegein1932.Ihaddecidedtotryforajobinradio,thenworkmywayuptosportsannouncer.Ihitchhiked（搭便车）toChicagoandknockedonthedoorofeverystation-andgotturneddowneverytime.Inonestudio,akindladytoldmethatinmostcasesbigstationscouldn'triskhiringinexperiencedperson."Gooutintheremoteareasandfindasmallstationthat'llgiveyouachance,"shesaid.IwentbackhometoDixon,Illinois.Whiletherewasnoradio-announcingjobsinDixon,myfathersaidMontgomeryWardhadopenedastoreandwantedalocalathletetomanageitssportsdepartment.SinceDixonwaswhereIhadplayedhighschoolfootball,Iapplied.Thejobsoundedjustrightforme.ButIwasn'thired.Mydisappointmentmusthaveshown."Everythinghappensforthebest,"Momremindedme.Dadofferedmethecartohuntforjobs.ItriedWOCRadioinDavenport,Iowa.Theprogramdirector,awonderfulScotsmannamedPeterMacArthur,toldmetheyhadalreadyhiredanannouncer.AsIlefthisoffice,myfrustrationboiledover（沸溢，发怒）.Iaskedaloud,"Howcanafellowgettobeasportannouncerifhecan'tgetajobinaradiostation?"IwaswaitingfortheelevatorwhenIheardMacArthurcalling,"Whatwasthatyousaidaboutsports?Doyouknowanythingaboutfootball?"Thenhestoodmebeforeamicrophoneandaskedmetobroadcastanimaginarygame.Theprecedingautumn,myteamhadwonagameinthelast20secondswitha65-yardrun.Idida15-minuteboosttothatplay,andPetertoldmeIwouldbebroadcastingSaturday’sgame!Onmywayhome,asIhavemanytimessince,Ithoughtofmymother'swords:"Ifyoucarryon,onedaysomethinggoodwillhappen.Somethingwouldn'thavehappenedifnotforthatpreviousdisappointment".4.Thereasonwhytheauthorwasn’thiredinChicagowasprobablythat____A.heshowednoconfidenceatthestationsB.therewerenojobavailableatthestationsC.hehadnoexperienceinradiobroadcastingD.thereweretoomanypeoplecompetingwithhim5.Welearnfromthepassagethat____A.thefrustrationoftheauthorpreventedhimfromperformingwellatWOCRadioB.bothoftheauthor’sparentsshowedsupportwhenhewastryingtosearchforajobC.PeterMacArthurrecognizetheauthor’stalentinbroadcastingafterreadinghisresume.D.theauthorlostallhishopeandcouragewhenhewasturneddownbyMontgomeryWard6.Whatwasmostlikelytheauthor’sattitudetowardsPeterMacArthur？A.HewasworriedthatPeterwouldn’tbelieveinhisabilityB.HewasafraidthathisloudinnerclamwouldannoyPeterC.HewasangrythatPeterdidn’tofferhimasatisfyingpotentialD.HewasgratefulthatPetercouldnoticehisbroadcastingpotential7.Whatlessoncanyoulearnfromtheauthor’sexperienceinthepassage?A.Wellbegunishalfdone B.PreventionisbetterthancureC.Nocross,nocrown D.Romewasnotbuiltinaday〖答案〗4.C5.B6.D7.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己找工作所遇到的挫折，正好印证了作者母亲曾经说过的话“如果你坚持下去，总有一天会有好事发生。你会意识到，如果没有以前的挫折就不会有现在的一切。”【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段的Inonestudio,akindladytoldmethatinmostcasesbigstationscouldn'triskhiringinexperiencedperson.可知，他被拒绝的原因可能是没有工作经验，故选C。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段的"Everythinghappensforthebest,"Momremindedme.Dadofferedmethecartohuntforjobs.可知，作者的父母都非常支持作者找工作，故选B。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段开头AsIlefthisoffice,myfrustrationboiledover（沸溢，发怒）.可知，作者开始时被拒绝，心情很沮丧。然后根据本段最后andPetertoldmeIwouldbebroadcastingSaturday’sgame!可知PeterMacArthur最后给了作者这份工作机会。由此可以推出，作者的心情由怒转喜，作者对PeterMacArthur是感激的，故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据作者的经历及文章最后一段的Somethingwouldn'thavehappenedifnotforthatpreviousdisappointment可知，作者的经历让我们懂得：没有苦难，就没有成功，故选C。A.Wellbegunishalfdone良好的开端是成功的一半；B.Preventionisbetterthancure与其补救于已然，不如防止于未然；C.Nocross,nocrown没有苦难，就没有成功；D.Romewasnotbuiltinaday罗马不是一天建成的。CUsainBoltburnedabout10kcalofenergytowinhisgoldduringthe200metrespringfinalattheOlympicGames,whichcouldroughlypoweranold60Wlightbulbfor11minutes.IfyoucouldmakeuseofallthepowergeneratedbyalltheathletesduringtheGames,youwouldstillbenowhereclosetoreachingthe29.5billionWattsconsumedoverallbytheathletes,spectatorsandorganizersovertheevent.Wetakesportforgranted,butdoweeverconsideritscosttotheplanet?FromthewaterrequiredtomaintainthegolfcourseduringTheMasterstournamenttothehundredsofflightsittakestobringfootballfanstoaWorldCup,majorsportseventsarenothelpingmuchinthefightagainstglobalheating.What’smore,thereisalackofrecognitionwithinsportofitsresponsibilitiesandlittlediscussionaboutpossiblesolutions.Thisisstrange,giventhattheeffectworksbothways:theclimatecrisisisnotjustaffectedbysports,butitisalreadyhavinganegativeimpactonmanysports.Whenice-climberWillGaddsetouttoconquertheworld’sglaciers,hedidn’trealizeitwouldbecomearaceagainstclimatechange.“Ithoughtglaciersarethereforever.”Whenhearrivedatthesummit,Gaddwasshocked:“Theice…wasn’tthere.ThethingsIplannedtoclimbweregone.”Globalheatingisnoticeableinothersports.AmySteelplayedprofessionalnetballuntilshesufferedfromheatstrokeafterplayingin39℃conditionsandunfortunately,thedamagewaspermanent.Notonlythat,butextremeweathereventsmademorefrequentasaresultofglobalheatingmeansportingeventsaremoreoftendelayedorcanceled.Thishascostsportbillionsinpotentialearnings.Yetsportcanbeapowerfulmotivator:itcanunitewholenationsbehinditsteams.Couldsporthavearoletoplayindrivingclimateawareness?WillGaddandAmySteelareamongmanyathleteswhothinkso?Onethingiscertain.SportmustputclimatechangeatthetopofitsagendaanddecarbonizeataUsainBolt-likepacetomakeadifference.8.Whatisthemainfocusofthefirstparagraph?A.Whydosportseventsconsumeenergy?B.Howmuchpowerdoathletesgenerate?C.Whatistheenergyimpactofsportsevents?D.HowdidBoltcontributetotheenvironment?9.WhydoesthewriteruseWillGaddandAmySteelasexamples?A.Theyinitiatedeco-friendlysportspractices.B.Theysustainedpermanentinjuriesinsports.C.Theyfellvictimtoclimate-relatedincidents.D.Theyachievedrecord-breakingperformances.10.Whateffectofglobalheatingonsportsismentionedinthetext?A.Stricterfacilityrestrictions. B.Substantialfinanciallosses.C.Higherathletetrainingstandards. D.Prolongedoutdoorsportsseasons.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?.A.SportsintheClimateCrisisB.AthletesagainstGlobalHeatingC.TheImpactofClimateChangeonSportD.TheEnvironmentalCostofOutdoorSports〖答案〗8.C9.C10.B11.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候危机与体育运动的关系，即气候危机中的体育运动。【8题详析】主旨大意题。由文章第一段“UsainBoltburnedabout10kcalofenergytowinhisgoldduringthe200metrespringfinalattheOlympicGames,whichcouldroughlypoweranold60Wlightbulbfor11minutes.IfyoucouldmakeuseofallthepowergeneratedbyalltheathletesduringtheGames,youwouldstillbenowhereclosetoreachingthe29.5billionWattsconsumedoverallbytheathletes,spectatorsandorganizersovertheevent.Wetakesportforgranted,butdoweeverconsideritscosttotheplanet?(在奥运会200米短跑决赛中，尤塞恩·博尔特为赢得金牌消耗了大约10千卡的能量，这些能量大约可以为一个60瓦的旧灯泡供电11分钟。如果你能利用所有运动员在奥运会期间产生的所有能量，你仍然远不能达到运动员、观众和组织者在比赛期间消耗的295亿瓦的总能量。我们认为体育运动是理所当然的，但我们是否考虑过它给地球带来的代价)”可知，第一段重点关注的是体育赛事的能量影响。故选C。【9题详析】推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Whenice-climberWillGaddsetouttoconquertheworld’sglaciers,hedidn’trealizeitwouldbecomearaceagainstclimatechange.“Ithoughtglaciersarethereforever.”Whenhearrivedatthesummit,Gaddwasshocked:“Theice…wasn’tthere.ThethingsIplannedtoclimbweregone.”(当攀岩者威尔·盖德开始征服世界上的冰川时，他没有意识到这将成为一场与气候变化的赛跑。“我以为冰川是永远存在的。”当他到达顶峰时，盖德震惊了：“冰……不在那里。我计划攀登的东西都不见了。”)”以及第四段中“AmySteelplayedprofessionalnetballuntilshesufferedfromheatstrokeafterplayingin39℃conditionsandunfortunately,thedamagewaspermanent.(艾米·斯蒂尔在39℃的环境下打过职业无挡板篮球，直到中暑才退役，不幸的是，她的伤势是永久性的)”可推知，作者使用二人作为例子，是想说明气候对运动员的影响——他们成了气候相关事件的受害者。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Notonlythat,butextremeweathereventsmademorefrequentasaresultofglobalheatingmeansportingeventsaremoreoftendelayedorcanceled.Thishascostsportbillionsinpotentialearnings.(不仅如此，由于全球变暖，极端天气事件更加频繁，这意味着体育赛事更经常被推迟或取消。这让体育界损失了数十亿美元的潜在收入)”可知，全球变暖造成体育运动重大财务损失。故选B。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Wetakesportforgranted,butdoweeverconsideritscosttotheplanet?(我们认为体育运动是理所当然的，但我们是否考虑过它给地球带来的代价)”以及第三段第一句“Thisisstrange,giventhattheeffectworksbothways:theclimatecrisisisnotjustaffectedbysports,butitisalreadyhavinganegativeimpactonmanysports.(这很奇怪，因为这种效应是双向的：气候危机不仅受到体育运动的影响，而且它已经对许多体育运动产生了负面影响)”，尤其是文章最后一段中“SportmustputclimatechangeatthetopofitsagendaanddecarbonizeataUsainBolt-likepacetomakeadifference.(体育必须把气候变化放在议程的首位，以尤塞恩·博尔特那样的速度去碳化，才能有所作为)”可知，本文主要说明了气候危机与体育运动的关系。由此可知，SportsintheClimateCrisis(气候危机中的体育运动)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。DAlotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸钠)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn’tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.AteamofChinesescientistsaimedtodealwiththisenvironmentalconcernbydevelopinganeco-consciousalternative.InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvances,ateamattheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofProcessEngineeringdescribehowtheyengineeredbiodegradableglassmadefromaminoacids(氨基酸).Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.Inatest,glassbeads(玻璃珠)madeoutofaminoacidswereplacedundertheskinofmice,andthebreakdownofthebeadandtheskinhealingprocesswereobservedfor30days.Adiagramfromthestudyshowshowthemice’sbodiesbrokedownthebeads.Inthatmonth,theglassimplantdegradedbeneaththeskin,thewoundsitehealed,andfurgrewback.“Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypain-relatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss,”theresearcherswroteintheirpaper.Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.Inordertoovercomethishurdle,theresearcherschemicallymodifiedtheaminoacidsusingtheheating-coolingprocedureappliedinglassmanufacturing.Thisiswhenmaterialsfortheglassareheatedtobecomesoftandthenrapidlycooledsoastomaketheglasstougher.“It’simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlarge-scalecommercialization,”emphasizedYanXuehai,aprofessorinvolvedinthestudy,inapressrelease.12.Whatisanadvantageofthenewglass?A.Ittakeslesstimetobreakdown.B.Itcanberecycledatalowcost.C.Itisproducedwithoutpollution.D.Ithasawiderangeofapplications.13.Whydidresearchersimplantglassbeadsinsidemice?A.Toassesswhethertheglassisbiologicallyharmless.B.Toinvestigatewhyaminoacidsaremedicallyuseful.C.Toexplorehowlongittakesfortheglasstodegrade.D.Toobserveiftheglasscanbemeltdowninmice’sstomach.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hurdle”inparagraph4referto?A.Thechallengeofimprovingtheheating-coolingprocedure.B.Environmentalproblemscausedbytraditionalglass.C.Thedifficultyofselectingmaterialsfortheglass.D.Theinstabilityofaminoacids.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AminoAcidsMakeGlassTougherB.AminoAcidsCastNewLightonScienceC.BiodegradableGlass:ClosertoSustainabilityD.BiodegradableGlass:ReadytoHittheMarket〖答案〗12.A13.A14.D15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国科学院的专家团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Alotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸钠)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn’tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.”（今天，许多由沙子和碳酸钠制成的人造玻璃可以重复使用或熔化，再循环制成新物品，但它不会在环境中分解，将在垃圾填埋场中放置数千年。）和第二段中“Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.”（这种玻璃对环境的影响较小，可以在几周或几个月内分解。）可知，新型玻璃的优点是它需要更少的时间来分解。故选A项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypain-relatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss.”（在整个实验期间，没有老鼠表现出可能由玻璃植入引起的任何与疼痛相关的行为，也没有老鼠出现明显的体重减轻。）可知，研究人员要在老鼠体内植入玻璃珠是为了评估玻璃在生物学上是否无害。故选A项。【14题详析】词义猜测题。根据第四段，尤其是该划线单词的前一句“Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.”（虽然氨基酸在环境中会随着时间的推移而降解，但这种可生物降解的玻璃不如传统玻璃耐用，因为氨基酸在加热下会迅速分解。）可知，这种氨基酸玻璃确实可以随着时间的推移而降解，但是它却不如传统的玻璃那样经久耐用，因为氨基酸在加热下会迅速分解。由此可推知，下文中的“hurdle”指的是氨基酸的不稳定性。故选D项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvances,ateamattheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofProcessEngineeringdescribehowtheyengineeredbiodegradableglassmadefromaminoacids(氨基酸).”（在最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究中，中国科学院过程工程研究所的一个团队描述了他们是如何设计出由氨基酸制成的可生物降解玻璃的。）可知，文章主要讲的是中国科学院的专家团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。故文章最好的标题是“可生物降解玻璃：更接近可持续性”。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowWeatherAffectsOurMoodTheweathersuppliesmanymetaphors(隐喻)forourchangeableminds.Moodscanbrightenanddarken,futurescanbeunderacloud,andrelationshipscanbestormy.___16___,butdoesitalsoinfluenceourmoods?Ofthemanyaspectsofweather,sunshineisthemostcloselytiedtomood.Althoughthelinkisweakerthanmanypeopleimagine,sunlighthasrepeatedlybeenfoundtoincreasepositivemoodsandreducetiredness.____17____.Happypeopletendtobemorefavorabletowardoneanother,andpeoplearemorehelpfulwhenthesunisshining.OnestudyevenfoundthatdinersinMinnesota,US,tippedmoregenerouslyonsunnydays.____18____.Astudyshowedthatuniversityadmissionsofficersstressedtheacademicqualificationsofapplicantsmoreoncloudydays,andtheirnon-academicqualitiesmoreonsunnyones.____19____.Themoreitdeparts(偏离)fromanidealofaround20C,themorediscomfortwefeel.Onestudyfoundthatratesofhelpingothersdecreasedastemperaturesdroppedbeloworroseabovethisvalue.Indeed,theeffectsofweatheronmooddependonourbehaviorandonhowwethink.___20___.AstudybyUSpsychologyresearcherMatthewKellerandhiscolleaguesshowedthatbeneficialeffectsofwarmandsunnyconditionsonmoodwereonlyseeninpeoplewhohadspentmorethan30minutesoutdoorsthatday.Goodweatherevenhadnegativeeffectsonmoodforpeopleconfined(限制)indoors,whoperhapslookedenviously(嫉妒地)outsideatthesolarfuntheyweremissing.A.Similarly,greyweathermayencourageseriousandcalmthinkingB.AspectsofweatherbeyondheatandsunshinehavealsobeenshowntoaffectmoodC.WeatherprovidesavividlanguagefordescribingouremotionalatmosphereD.TemperaturecanalsoaffectourmindandbehaviorE.ButtheeffectsofweatheronmoodarenotentirelybiologicalF.AnythingthatchangesourmoodscanaffectourbehaviorG.Basically,weatherwillonlyinfluenceusifweareoutdoorsexperiencingit〖答案〗16.C17.F18.A19.D20.G【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了天气对人们情绪的影响。【16题详析】根据上文“Theweathersuppliesmanymetaphors(隐喻)forourchangeableminds.Moodscanbrightenanddarken,futurescanbeunderacloud,andrelationshipscanbestormy.(天气为我们多变的思想提供了许多隐喻。情绪有明有暗，未来可能阴云密布，人际关系也可能风雨飘摇)”举了一些使用描写天气的表达来描述我们情感的例子，C选项“天气为描述我们的情感氛围提供了生动的语言”可概括这一内容，且C选项的主语Weather可与后半句的it构成指代关系，提问天气是否会影响我们的心情，引出下文。故选C。【17题详析】根据上文“Ofthemanyaspectsofweather,sunshineisthemostcloselytiedtomood.Althoughthelinkisweakerthanmanypeopleimagine,sunlighthasrepeatedlybeenfoundtoincreasepositivemoodsandreducetiredness.(在天气的诸多方面中，阳光与心情的关系最为密切。尽管这种联系比许多人想象的要弱，但人们一再发现阳光能增加积极情绪，减少疲劳)”提出阳光会让人们心情更好的发现，后文“Happypeopletendtobemorefavorabletowardoneanother,andpeoplearemorehelpfulwhenthesunisshining.OnestudyevenfoundthatdinersinMinnesota,US,tippedmoregenerouslyonsunnydays.(快乐的人往往更喜欢彼此，当阳光灿烂的时候，人们更乐于助人。一项研究甚至发现，美国明尼苏达州的食客在晴天给的小费更慷慨)”则举出人们会更友好、更乐于助人，甚至出去吃饭时会给更多的小费，说明天气会影响我们的行为，F选项“任何改变我们情绪的事情都会影响我们的行为”符合语境，故选F。【18题详析】根据后文“Astudyshowedthatuniversityadmissionsofficersstressedtheacademicqualificationsofapplicantsmoreoncloudydays,andtheirnon-academicqualitiesmoreonsunnyones.(一项研究表明，大学招生人员在阴天更强调申请者的学历，在晴天更强调他们的非学术素质)”可知，本段提到研究发现，大学的招生官在cloudydays会更客观，更加看重学术成绩，而在阳光明媚的天气会更注重申请者的非学术品质，A选项“同样地，阴沉的天气可能鼓励严肃和冷静的思考”能概括本段的主要意思，且Similarly表明了本段与前段的关系，都在说明天气对人们心情的影响，故选A。【19题详析】根据后文“Themoreitdeparts(偏离)fromanidealofaround20C,themorediscomfortwefeel.Onestudyfoundthatratesofhelpingothersdecreasedastemperaturesdroppedbeloworroseabovethisvalue.(温度离理想的20摄氏度越远，我们就越感到不舒服。一项研究发现，当气温低于或高于这个数值时，帮助他人的比率就会下降)”本段主要在讲气温对我们的影响，D选项“温度也会影响我们的思想和行为”能够概括本段大意，且D选项主语Temperature可与后句的it构成指代关系，故选D。【20题详析】根据后文“AstudybyUSpsychologyresearcherMatthewKellerandhiscolleaguesshowedthatbeneficialeffectsofwarmandsunnyconditionsonmoodwereonlyseeninpeoplewhohadspentmorethan30minutesoutdoorsthatday.Goodweatherevenhadnegativeeffectsonmoodforpeopleconfined(限制)indoors,whoperhapslookedenviously(嫉妒地)outsideatthesolarfuntheyweremissing.(美国心理学研究员马修·凯勒和他的同事进行的一项研究表明，温暖和阳光的环境对情绪的有益影响只出现在那些当天在户外待了30分钟以上的人身上。好天气甚至对被关在室内的人的情绪也有负面影响，他们可能会羡慕地看着窗外错过的阳光)”可知，只有在人们当天在户外待30分钟以上，好天气才会对人们的心情产生积极影响，而好天气甚至会对只能待在室内的人产生消极影响，说明我们只有身处户外，心情才会受到天气的影响，G选项“基本上，只有当我们在户外经历天气时，天气才会影响我们”概括了这个意思。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以境人空白处的最佳选项。AsIwalkedtothemarketthismorning,Isawapoorlydressedoldmanwithatowelcoveringhisfacesittinginfrontofashop.I___21___hewasabeggarlookingforcharity.ImadeamentalnotethatonmywaybackfromthemarketIshouldgivehimwhatever___22___Ihad.Afewfeetawaywasayoungmanonthepavement___23___inadrunkenstateandnoonewhopassedbytookany___24___.Ithoughtinmyminditwassomegood-for-nothing,drunkardwhohad___25___allhismoneyonalcohol.Ifinishedallmyshopping,andwalkedbackalongthesameroad.WhenIreachedthebeggar,Iputoutmyhandfullofchange___26___himaskinghimtotakeit.Heshookhisheadasthoughsayingthathedidnotneedit.I___27___andpusheditintohishand.AsIstoodthere,___28___ofmygreatactofcharity,thebeggarslowlygotup,walkeduptotheyoungmanlyingonthepavement,andshookhimawake,___29___himsomethingclosetohisear.Istoodtherewatchingwith___30___ashewalkedtotheteashop,whereheaskedforsomethingforwhichhepaidwiththemoneyIgaveand___31___abread.Hethenwentbacktotheyoungman,andhelpedhimto___32___andeatthebread.HenoticedthatIwasstilltheresohesaid,“Thatyoungboyhasnoteatenfortwodaysandhasnoenergyeventositup.Thatiswhyhe___33___onthepavement.”SuddenlyIfeltso___34___andadmiredthenonjudgemental___35___ofamanwhohassolittlecomparedtome.21.A.decided B.suspected C.recalled D.admitted22.A.food B.opportunity C.change D.job23.A.suddenly B.obviously C.probably D.gradually24.A.chance B.picture C.advantage D.notice25.A.wasted B.made C.earned D.raised26.A.towards B.over C.past D.for27.A.shouted B.insisted C.compromised D.commanded28.A.jealous B.confident C.proud D.hopeful29.A.showing B.leaving C.handing D.asking30.A.joy B.amazement C.thrill D.disappointment31.A.delivered B.shared C.collected D.brought32.A.sit B.lie C.stand D.wash33.A.begged B.collapsed C.died D.slept34.A.sad B.down C.great D.small35.A.patience B.tolerance C.integrity D.generosity〖答案〗21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.A27.B28.C29.D30.B31.