广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末调研英语试题(解析版)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末调研英语试题第一部分听力略第二部分阅读(共两书，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhileAlicehasheradventuresintheWonderland,youcanhaveyourownaswellthissummer.BritishcontemporaryartistPhilipColberthascreatedaLobster(龙虾)WonderlandinChangsha,HunanProvince.Date:July15Location:ChangshaInternationalFinanceSquare(ChangshaIFS)AboutPhilipColbertHisgloballywelcomedlobsterserieshaswontheheartsofalargenumberoffollowers.Theartist,withamaster’sinphilosophy,takeslobsterashissecondpersonality.Throughlargeinstallations,publicartthemeexhibitionandnewmediaart,theartisthasintroducedworksfromgalleriesandcreatedasurrealartsceneryincity’spublicspacewithacombinationofpopartandlocalculture.FeaturesInChangshaIFS,Colbert’sexhibition,whichistheLondon-basedartist’sfirstlarge-scaleoutdoorpublicartinstallations,hasthreemajorsectors,showcasinghislargeinstallations,sculpturesandnewmediaartsaswellasthespecialworkscreatedfortheevent.Theopeningceremony,anartcarnival,sawthedebut(首次登台)ofa12-meter-longLobsterTaikonautspeciallymadebyColbert.HisLobsterFlowerandLobsterSharkalsofoundtheirwayintheparade.Atthesouthwestsquare,peoplecanfindLobsterFountaintowering12metersandenjoytwomajorthemesectors,LobsterIslandandLobsterSkatePark.LobsterRainbow,alobsterbreakingthrougharoofwitharainbowbehindit,istheartist’sbrand-newworkforChangshaIFS.Inhisworks,suchasDaydreamer,Colbertalsoexpresseshiswishofnarrowingthedistancebetweenartpiecesandpeople.1.WhatisPhilipColbertwellknownfor?A.AliceWonderland. B.Sharkexperience.C.Lobsterseries. D.Rainbowstory.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitionaccordingtothetext?A.Ittookplaceintheopenair.B.Therewasnospecialworksfortheevent.C.Peoplecanenjoylobsterfountainandlake.D.LobsterIslandistheartist’sbrand-newworkforChangshaIFS.3.Wherecanthetextprobablybefound?A.Ashoppingbrochure.B.Anartmagazine.C.Asciencereport.D.Afashionadvertisement.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了英国当代艺术家PhilipColbert在湖南长沙创作的“龙虾仙境”。〖答案〗1.C2.A3.B【1题详析】细节理解题。根据AboutPhilipColbert部分中“Hisgloballywelcomedlobsterserieshaswontheheartsofalargenumberoffollowers.Theartist,withamaster’sinphilosophy,takeslobsterashissecondpersonality.(他的龙虾系列受到全球欢迎，赢得了一大批粉丝的心。这位拥有哲学硕士学位的艺术家把龙虾当作自己的第二人格)”可知，他的龙虾系列作品受到全球欢迎，所以他是因他的龙虾系列作品而全球闻名的。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Features部分中“InChangshaIFS,Colbert’sexhibition,whichistheLondon-basedartist’sfirstlarge-scaleoutdoorpublicartinstallations,hasthreemajorsectors,showcasinghislargeinstallations,sculpturesandnewmediaartsaswellasthespecialworkscreatedfortheevent.(在长沙IFS，科尔伯特的展览是伦敦艺术家的第一个大型户外公共艺术装置，分为三个主要部分，展示了他的大型装置，雕塑和新媒体艺术以及为活动创作的特别作品)”可知，该展览是这位伦敦艺术家的第一个大型户外公共艺术装置。故选A。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“WhileAlicehasheradventuresintheWonderland,youcanhaveyourownaswellthissummer.BritishcontemporaryartistPhilipColberthascreatedaLobster(龙虾)WonderlandinChangsha,HunanProvince.(当爱丽丝在仙境里冒险的时候，这个夏天你也可以有自己的冒险。英国当代艺术家菲利普·科尔伯特在湖南省长沙市创造了一个龙虾仙境)”结合文章主要介绍了一位艺术家的展览，故本文可以在艺术杂志上看到。故选B。BWhenBelquerfirstjoinedateamtomakeabetterlivemusicexperiencefordeafandhard-of-hearingpeople,hewasstruckbyhowtheyhaddevelopedworkaroundstoenjoyconcerts.“Whattheyweredoingatthetimewasholdingballoonstofeelthevibrations(震动)throughtheirfingers,”Belquersaid.Hethoughttheteamcouldmakesomethingtohelphard-of-hearingpeopleenjoylivemusicevenmorewiththetechnologynowavailable.Belquer,whoisalsoamusicianandtheaterartist,isnowthe“ChiefVibrationalOfficer”ofMusic:NotImpossible,whichusesnewtechnologytoaddresssocialissueslikepovertyanddisabilityaccess.Histeamstartedbytyingvibratingdifferentcellphonemotorstobodies,butthatdidn’tquitework.Thevibrationswereallthesame.Eventually,theyworkedwithengineerstodevelopalighthaptic(触觉的)suitwithatotalof24vibratingplates.Thereare20ofthemtiedtoavestthatfitstightlyaroundthebodylikeahikingbackpack,plusonethattiestoeachwristandankle.Whenyouwearthesuit,it’ssurprisinghowitfeels.ThevibrationsaremixedbyahapticDJwhocontrolsthelocation,frequencyandintensityoffeelingacrossthesuits,justasamusicDJmixessoundsinanartfulway.“Whatwe’redoingisselectingandmixingwhatwewantandsendittodifferentpartsofthebody,”saidtheDJ.Thehapticsuitswerejustonecomponentoftheevent.TherewereAmericanSignLanguageinterpreters;themusicwascaptionedonascreenonthestage.Thesuitsarethestarattraction.LilyLipman,whohasauditoryprocessingdisorder,litupwhenaskedaboutherexperience.“It’scool,becauseI’mneverquitesureifI’mhearingwhatotherpeoplearehearing,soit’samazingtogetthemusicinmybody.”4.WhatsurprisedBelqueraboutpeoplewithhearingproblems?A.Thewaytheyenjoyedmusic.B.Theattitudetheyheldtolife.C.Thelovetheyhadforballoons.D.Thefrequencytheyvibratedfingers.5.Whydidtheteam’sinitialattemptfail?A.Themotorswerethesame.B.Thevibrationslackedvariety.C.Themotorshardlyworked.D.Thevibrationswereirregular.6.WhatdidtheDJdo?A.Heinterpretedthesignlanguage.B.Hecaptionedthemusiconstage.C.Heselectedsuitsfortheattendees.D.Hehelpedpeoplefeelthemusic.7.WhatdoesLilyLipmanthinkofthesuit?A.Comforting. B.Challenging. C.Satisfying. D.Encouraging.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了音乐家兼戏剧艺术家Belquer和其团队利用现有技术制作一个套装来帮助听力障碍人士更好地享受现场音乐。〖答案〗4.A5.B6.D7.C【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhenBelquerfirstjoinedateamtomakeabetterlivemusicexperiencefordeafandhard-of-hearingpeople,hewasstruckbyhowtheyhaddevelopedworkaroundstoenjoyconcerts.(当Belquer第一次加入一个为聋哑人和听力障碍人士提供更好的现场音乐体验的团队时，他对他们如何想出享受音乐会的变通方法感到震惊。)”可知，Belquer对听障人士想出的享受音乐的方法而震惊，故选A。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Histeamstartedbytyingvibratingdifferentcellphonemotorstobodies,butthatdidn’tquitework.Thevibrationswereallthesame.(他的团队首先将不同的手机振动电机绑在身体上，但这并不太奏效。振动都是一样的。)”可知，他的团队最初的尝试失败了，这是因为震动都是一样的，即缺乏多样性，故选B。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“ThevibrationsaremixedbyahapticDJwhocontrolsthelocation,frequencyandintensityoffeelingacrossthesuits,justasamusicDJmixessoundsinanartfulway.“Whatwe’redoingisselectingandmixingwhatwewantandsendittodifferentpartsofthebody,”saidtheDJ.(振动由触觉DJ混合，他控制着套装中感觉的位置、频率和强度，就像音乐DJ以巧妙的方式混合声音一样。“我们正在做的就是选择并混合我们想要的东西，并将其发送到身体的不同部位，”DJ说)”可知，DJ选择并混合想要的东西，并将其发送到身体的不同部位，以此来帮助人们感受音乐。由此可推知，DJ帮助人们感受音乐，故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中LilyLipman所说的话“It’scool,becauseI’mneverquitesureifI’mhearingwhatotherpeoplearehearing,soit’samazingtogetthemusicinmybody.(这很酷，因为我永远不确定我是否听到了其他人听到的声音，所以让音乐进入我的身体真是太棒了。)”可推知，LilyLipman对这个套装是满意的，故选C。CBringingspecieslikebeavers(河狸)backtoEnglandisnolongerapriority,thegovernmentsaidonFridaytocriticismfromwildlifegroups.ArecentreportshowsthatoneinsixUKspeciesareatriskofextinction.InSeptembermorethan60conservationorganisationsreportedasignificantdeclineinspeciesduetoexpansionsinfarmingandtheeffectsofclimatechange.Inrecentyears,animalsandplantshavebeenreintroducedbycharitiesaspartofeffortstorestorethecountry’sreducedbiodiversity.Despitethegovernmentallowingthis,theEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairsCommitteeconcludedinJulythattherewasanabsenceoflong-termplansonhowtomanagethis.Inresponse,thegovernmenthasnowsaidthatthe“reintroductionofspeciesisnotapriority”.Thegovernmentsaiditwasfocusedonincreasingbiodiversitythroughhabitatrestoration.Thegovernment’senvironmentdepartmenthascomeunderscrutiny(详细审查)fornotdoingmoretopreventsewagedumpingandotherformsofpollutioninEngland’swaterways.SirRobertGoodwill,chairoftheCommittee,saidhewasdisappointedwiththegovernmentresponse.Bringingbackextinctspeciesisacontroversialissue—althoughfarmersandlandownersappearbroadlysupportive,therearerisksofreintroducingnewspecies,andwithoutclearguidance,problemscouldarise.Arecentstudyshowedthatriverbarrierssimilartothosebuiltbybeaverscanprotectcommunitiesatriskofflooding.ButtherehavealsobeencasesdocumentedinEuropewherebeavershavebuilttheirdamsinplacesthathavedamagedcropsandchangedrivers.JoanEdwards,directorofPolicy&PublicAffairsatTheWildlifeTrustssaid,“ReintroducingwildlifemustbepartoftheUKgovernment’sarsenal(武器)fortacklingnaturelossandclimatechange—itisastonishingthereisnostrategyfordoingso.”“Thereturnofwildbeaverscanhelptorecreatelostwetlands,withaknock-oneffectthatbenefitsotherwildlifeincludinginsects,invertebratesandbirds.Beaversalsoslowtheflowofwater,whichcanreducefloodriskstotownsandvillages,”shesaid.8.Whatdoesparagraph2wanttoconvey?A.ThesituationofspeciesintheUKissevere.B.ReintroductionofspeciesintheUKisnotapriority.C.Expansionsinfarminghaveagreateffectonclimatechange.D.TheUKgovernment’sresponsetoreducedbiodiversityisdisappointing.9.HowdidtheUKgovernmentplantoincreasebiodiversity?A.Bydevelopingstrategy.B.Byofferingguidance.C.Byexpandingfarming.D.Byrestoringhabitat.10.WhatdidJoanEdwardsthinkofreintroductionofwildlife?A.Itwasmessy. B.Itwaslimited.C.Itwasbeneficial. D.Itwascostly.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesofreintroducingwildlife.B.Theresponsestoagovernmentstatement.C.Theeffectsofclimatechangeonfarming.D.Theapproachestoincreasingbiodiversity.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了英国政府发出一份声明，认为将河狸等物种带回英国已不再是当务之急，而是希望通过恢复栖息地来增加生物多样性，该声明引起了很多争议，社会各界对此做出了不同的回应。〖答案〗8.A9.D10.C11.B【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“ArecentreportshowsthatoneinsixUKspeciesareatriskofextinction.InSeptembermorethan60conservationorganisationsreportedasignificantdeclineinspeciesduetoexpansionsinfarmingandtheeffectsofclimatechange.Inrecentyears,animalsandplantshavebeenreintroducedbycharitiesaspartofeffortstorestorethecountry’sreducedbiodiversity.(最近的一份报告显示，英国有六分之一的物种面临灭绝的危险。今年9月，60多个保护组织报告称，由于农业扩张和气候变化的影响，物种数量显著减少。近年来，慈善机构重新引入了动物和植物，作为恢复该国减少的生物多样性的努力的一部分)”可知，本段主要介绍了英国物种多样性的现状，一部分物种面临灭绝的危险，物种数量显著减少，很多机构在努力恢复物种多样性。由此可知，本段想表示英国的物种状况很严峻。故选A项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thegovernmentsaiditwasfocusedonincreasingbiodiversitythroughhabitatrestoration.(政府表示，其重点是通过恢复栖息地来增加生物多样性)”可知，英国政府的计划是恢复栖息地。故选D项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中JoanEdwards所说的话“ReintroducingwildlifemustbepartoftheUKgovernment’sarsenal(武器)fortacklingnaturelossandclimatechange(重新引入野生动物必须成为英国政府应对自然丧失和气候变化的武器之一)”和最后一段中她所说的话“Thereturnofwildbeaverscanhelptorecreatelostwetlands,withaknock-oneffectthatbenefitsotherwildlifeincludinginsects,invertebratesandbirds.Beaversalsoslowtheflowofwater,whichcanreducefloodriskstotownsandvillages(野生河狸的回归可以帮助重建失去的湿地，并产生连锁效应，使包括昆虫、无脊椎动物和鸟类在内的其他野生动物受益。河狸还减缓了水流，这可以减少城镇和村庄的洪水风险)”可知，JoanEdwards认为重新引入野生动物可以帮助政府应对自然丧失和气候变化，并说明野生河狸的回归对湿地、其他野生动物和应对洪水的帮助。由此可知。她认为这样做是有好处的。故选C项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Bringingspecieslikebeavers(河狸)backtoEnglandisnolongerapriority,thegovernmentsaidonFridaytocriticismfromwildlifegroups.(面对野生动物组织的批评，英国政府周五表示，将河狸等物种带回英国已不再是当务之急)”可知，文章围绕最近英国政府发出的一份有关重新引入野生动物的声明展开，这份声明引起了很多争议，社会各界对此做出了不同的回应。因此，B项“对一份政府声明的回应”概括了文章的主旨大意。故选B项。DResearchershaveproposedanovelmethodforcountingandtrackingvehiclesonpublicroads,adevelopmentthatcouldimprovecurrenttrafficsystemsandhelptravelersgettotheirdestinationsfaster.UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.Inpreviousstudies,OhioStateresearchersfoundthatusingthesemobilecamerasprovidesmuchbetterspatialandtemporal(时间的)coveragethanrelyingonoftentemporarilyplacedsensorsthatdon’tprovideaviewofmanystreetsandroadsinacity.“Ifwecollectandprocessmorehigh-resolution(高清)spatialinformationaboutwhat’shappeningontheroads,thenplannerscouldbetterunderstandchangesindemand,effectivelyimprovingefficiencyinthebroadertransportationsystem,”saidKeithRedmill,leadauthorofthestudy.“Ifwecanmeasuretrafficinawaythatisasgoodorbetterthanwhatisconventionallydonewithfixedsensors,thenwewillhavecreatedsomethingincrediblyusefulextremelycheaply,”hesaid.“Ourgoalistostartbuildingasystemthatcoulddothiswithoutmuchmanualinterventionbecauseifyouwanttocollectthisinformationoverlotsofpotentialvehiclesandlotsoftime,it’sworthfullyautomatingthatprocess.”Whilestillalongwayfromtotalimplementation(实施),thestudysuggeststhesystem’sresultsbearpromiseforthefutureofintelligenttrafficsurveillance.Transportationplanners,engineersandoperatorsmakevitaldecisionsaboutthefutureofourroadways,sowhendesigningtransportationsystemstoworkoverthenext30to50years,it’snecessarythatwegivethemdatathatallowsthemtoimprovetheefficiencyofthesystemandthelevelofserviceprovidedtotravelers.12.Howcancamerasonbusesbenefittravelers?A.Byshorteningtheirtraveltime.B.Bymakingtheirschedulestight.C.Bydecreasingtheirtransportcost.D.Byimprovingtheirsafetyawareness.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthesensorsplacedonbuses?A.Theyprovidemorespatialcoverage.B.Theycan’tdetectobjectsontheroad.C.Theycoverlessviewoftheurbantraffic.D.Theyaccuratelyrecordtheflowoftraffic.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surveillance”inparagraph6mean?A.Operation. B.Monitoring. C.Protection. D.Arrangement.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TransportationautomationisonitswayB.ItistimetoimprovetheefficiencyoftrafficsystemC.TransportationplannersusecamerastomakepoliciesD.Camerasinstalledonbusescanbettermeasuretraffic【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。〖答案〗12.A13.C14.B15.D【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchershaveproposedanovelmethodforcountingandtrackingvehiclesonpublicroads,adevelopmentthatcouldimprovecurrenttrafficsystemsandhelptravelersgettotheirdestinationsfaster.(研究人员提出了一种计算和跟踪公共道路上车辆的新方法，这一发展可以改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地)”可知，研究人员提出的是一种新的方法即在巴士上的摄像头能够帮助旅行者更快的到达目的地，即缩短出行时间。故选A。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inpreviousstudies,OhioStateresearchersfoundthatusingthesemobilecamerasprovidesmuchbetterspatialandtemporal(时间的)coveragethanrelyingonoftentemporarilyplacedsensorsthatdon’tprovideaviewofmanystreetsandroadsinacity.(在之前的研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员发现，使用这些移动摄像头可以提供更好的空间和时间覆盖，而不是依赖于通常临时放置的传感器，这些传感器不能提供城市中许多街道和道路的视图)”可知，安装在公交车上的传感器不能提供城市中许多道路和街道的视图。由此推知，它们对城市交通的覆盖较少。故选C。【14题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.(俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆)”以及划线词前面的内容“Whilestillalongwayfromtotalimplementation(实施),thestudysuggeststhesystem’sresultsbearpromiseforthefuture

...(虽然距离全面实施还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来充满希望…)”可知，安装在公交车上的摄像头能够自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆，虽然距离全面实施这项技术还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来的交通监控室充满希望的。故划线词与B选项“Monitoring.(监控)”为同义词。故选B。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.(俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。由此可知，D选项“Camerasinstalledonbusescanbettermeasuretraffic(安装在公交车上的摄像头可以更好地测量交通状况)”概括文章主要内容，符合文章标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Gettingandstayingfocusedcanbeachallengeeveninthebestoftimes.Butwitheverythinggoingonintheworld,concentratingcanoftenfeeldown-rightimpossible.Belowaresometipstohelpyoufindyourflow.Distract(使分心)yourbrain.Scheduleintoeveryworkdaysomebreaksfromallthatfocusingandallowyourmindtotravelintowhat’scalledthe“default(默认的)modenetwork”forabitoffreestyleactivities.___16___.It’stheplacewhereourmindsfindinnovationandcreativityandoftenmakebetterdecisionsthanthefocusedmind.___17___.Thisinvolvesfirstturningyourattentioninward.Trytravelingwithyourmindtosomeplaceenjoyable—maybeit’sawalkthroughanimaginaryforestorsunbathingonawarmsandybeach.Doingthisseveraltimesadaycanofferyourmindafreshapproachtothejobathand.Blockinterruptionsbeforedivingintodeepwork.___18___.Tohelp,turnofftextmessaging,notificationsandsocialmediaalerts.Bevitalwhenyouwantadeepdiveintofocus.Yourimportantworkbenefitswhenyoushutofforputawayyourphoneandotherscreens.Knowyourbodyclock.Whetheryouaresharpinthemorningoranightowl,don’tspendyourday—inparticularyourpeakbrainhours—doingbusywork.___19___.Trynewhobbies.Engaginginhobbiesnotonlyisfunbutcanhelpuscomeupwithnewsolutionstoproblemswe’refacingatworkorhome.___20___A.TrytodaydreamwhathappenedB.WetrytoobtainfocusbutinvainC.EngageinpositiveconstructivedaydreamingD.Instead,reserveyourbestbraintimeforthebigstuffE.ThisnetworkofthebraincircuitiswheremagichappensF.Ourdaysarefilledwithdistractions,fromothersandourselvesG.Allowingyourmindtimetoplayisanotherwaytoinviteinnovation【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种提高注意力的方法。〖答案〗16.E17.C18.F19.D20.G【16题详析】上文“Scheduleintoeveryworkdaysomebreaksfromallthatfocusingandallowyourmindtotravelintowhat’scalledthe“default(默认的)modenetwork”forabitoffreestyleactivities.(在每个工作日安排一些休息时间，让你的大脑进入所谓的‘默认模式网络’”，进行一些自由活动。)”建议在每个工作日安排一些休息时间，让大脑进入“默认模式网络”；E选项“Thisnetworkofthebraincircuitiswheremagichappens(这个大脑回路网络就是奇迹发生的地方)”承接上文，对大脑的“默认模式网络”进一步阐述，选线中的“Thisnetwork”指代上文中的“default(默认的)modenetwork”。故选E。【17题详析】句子结构分析可知，设空处此段为主旨句；下文“Thisinvolvesfirstturningyourattentioninward.Trytravelingwithyourmindtosomeplaceenjoyable—maybeit’sawalkthroughanimaginaryforestorsunbathingonawarmsandybeach.Doingthisseveraltimesadaycanofferyourmindafreshapproachtothejobathand.(这包括首先将你的注意力转向内部。试着带着你的思想去一个令人愉快的地方旅行——也许是在想象中的森林里散步，或者在温暖的沙滩上晒日光浴。)”建议想象自己去一个令人愉快的地方旅行，比如想象中的森林里散步，或者在温暖的沙滩上晒太阳；C选项“Engageinpositiveconstructivedaydreaming(做一些积极的、有建设性的白日梦)”能够概括本段主旨，适合作为主旨句。故选C。【18题详析】本段主旨句“Blockinterruptionsbeforedivingintodeepwork.(在投入工作之前屏蔽干扰)”指出投入工作之前要屏蔽干扰；下文“Tohelp,turnofftextmessaging,notificationsandsocialmediaalerts.(为了有所帮助，关闭短信、通知和社交媒体提醒。)”指出关闭短信、通知和社交媒体提醒等会帮助屏蔽干扰，提高注意力；F选项“Ourdaysarefilledwithdistractions,fromothersandourselves(我们的生活充满了干扰，来自他人和自己)”指出我们生活中充满干扰，符合语境。故选F。【19题详析】根据上文“Whetheryouaresharpinthemorningoranightowl,don’tspendyourday—inparticularyourpeakbrainhours—doingbusywork.(无论你是早晨思维敏捷还是夜猫子，都不要把一天的时间——尤其是大脑最活跃的时间——花在消磨时间的工作上。)”指出不要把一天的时间，尤其是大脑最活跃的时间花在消磨时间的工作上；D选项“Instead,reserveyourbestbraintimeforthebigstuff(相反，把你大脑最好的时间留给重要的事情)”提出应该把大脑最好的时间用于做重要的事情，符合语境，选项中的“thebigstuff”与上文中的“busywork”相对应。故选D。【20题详析】上文“Trynewhobbies.Engaginginhobbiesnotonlyisfunbutcanhelpuscomeupwithnewsolutionstoproblemswe’refacingatworkorhome.(尝试新的爱好。从事业余爱好不仅有趣，而且可以帮助我们想出解决工作或家庭中遇到的问题的新方法。)”建议尝试新的爱好，并指出这可以帮助我们想出解决问题的新方法；G项“Allowingyourmindtimetoplayisanotherwaytoinviteinnovation(让你的大脑有时间玩耍是另一种激发创新的方式)”承接上文，阐述尝试新爱好的益处，符合语境。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thisisatruestorythattookplaceafewdaysago.Thiswomanlooked___21___,butshewasveryprettyinmyeyes.Imetthemostbeautifulwomaninashop.Shewasn’tthat___22___asshewas5feetatthemost.Her___23___wasbent,too.Shewasthinandherfacewas___24___withblackagespotsfromalifetimeofworkinginthesun.Herhairwasthinandwhite.Shewasatleast80yearsoldandmighthavebeenover90.Shemoved___25___andwithgreatcare.However,whenshe___26___atyouintheeyeandspoketoyou,youcouldseeher___27___beautyshiningthrough.Herfacewaswrinkledfromavery___28___lifeofhardworkanddifficulty.Butitwasthelinesaroundhereyesthatcaughtmy___29___.Thesewrinklesweredeepandforever“canyons”thathadbeen____30____byamillionsmilesandalifetimeoflaughter.Her____31____weredeepsetandhiddenbehindthick,heavyglasses.Butyoucouldstillseealovelylight____32____outofthem.Whenshetalkedtoyou,theywerebrightwithawonderfulshinethattoldyoushewas____33____withfaith,love,hope,kindnessandjoy.Ionly____34____herforaminuteortwo,yetIleftfeelingbetter,andhappier.Ionlyhopethatonedaymyownfacewill____35____thesignsthathersdid,showingahappylife,andalovedlife.21.A.ordinary B.accessible C.delightful D.delicate22.A.depressed B.efficient C.tall D.lazy23.A.foot B.image C.back D.dignity24.A.awarded B.covered C.associated D.issued25.A.slowly B.firmly C.finally D.obviously26.A.wondered B.looked C.glared D.pointed27.A.superb B.slight C.typical D.true28.A.long B.common C.reserved D.strange29.A.concern B.attention C.curiosity D.sympathy30.A.rewarded B.motivated C.formed D.integrated31.A.options B.emotions C.smiles D.eyes32.A.escaping B.shining C.dying D.swinging33.A.anxious B.compared C.content D.filled34.A.castoff B.focusedon C.spoketo D.applaudedfor35.A.change B.present C.lose D.improve【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者几天前在一家商店里遇到了一个女人，虽然她看起来很普通，但是在作者眼里却很漂亮，因为当她看着你的眼睛和你说话时，你可以看到她真正的美丽，她内心充满了信仰、爱、希望、善良和喜悦，作者希望有一天自己的脸也能像她那样，显示出幸福的生活和被爱的生活。〖答案〗21.A22.C23.C24.B25.A26.B27.D28.A29.B30.C31.D32.B33.D34.C35.B【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个女人看起来很普通，但在我眼里却很漂亮。A.ordinary普通的；B.accessible可接近的；C.delightful令人愉快的；D.delicate精美的。根据下文“butshewasveryprettyinmyeyes”可知，上下文语义有转折，下文说作者认为这个女人很漂亮，因此此处指她看起来很普通。故选A。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她没有那么高，最多只有5英尺。A.depressed沮丧的；B.efficient高效的；C.tall高的；D.lazy懒惰的。根据下文“asshewas5feetatthemost”可知，此处描述这个女人的身高，应该指她没有那么高。故选C。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的背也弯了。A.foot脚；B.image形象；C.back背部；D.dignity尊严。根据上文“Shewasn’tthat_____asshewas5feetatthemost.”和下文“Shewasthinandherfacewas______withblackagespotsfromalifetimeofworkinginthesun.”可知，本段主要描述这个女人的外形，再结合空后“wasbent”可推知，此处指她的背也弯了。故选C。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很瘦，由于常年在太阳下工作，脸上布满了黑色的老年斑。A.awarded授予；B.covered覆盖；C.associated联想；D.issued发行。根据上文“herface”和下文“withblackagespotsfromalifetimeofworkinginthesun”可推知，此处描述这个女人的脸部，她的脸应该是因为日晒而布满了黑色的老年斑，固定短语becoveredwith意为“被……覆盖，充满着”。故选B。【25题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她缓慢而小心地移动着。A.slowly慢慢地；B.firmly坚定地；C.finally最终地；D.obviously明显地。根据上文“Shewasatleast80yearsoldandmighthavebeenover90.”和下文“withgreatcare”可推知，这个上了年纪的女人移动时是缓慢而小心的。故选A。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当她看着你的眼睛和你说话时，你可以看到她洋溢着真正的美丽。A.wondered想知道；B.looked看；C.glared怒视；D.pointed指向。根据下文“atyouintheeyeandspoketoyou”可推知，此处指看着你的眼睛和你说话。故选B。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当她看着你的眼睛和你说话时，你可以看到她洋溢着真正的美丽。A.superb一流的；B.slight轻微的；C.typical典型的；D.true真正的。根据上文描述的这个上了年纪的女人外形看上去很普通，身高不高，背弯了，脸上有老年斑，头发斑白等，以及表示转折的“However”可知，此处是和上文形成对比，指她拥有超越这些外在的真正的美丽。故选D。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的脸上布满了皱纹，这是长期的艰苦工作和生活的艰辛所导致的。A.long长期的；B.common普通的；C.reserved内敛的；D.strange奇怪的。根据上文“alifetimeofworkinginthesun”和“Shewasatleast80yearsoldandmighthavebeenover90.”可知，这个女人上了年纪，长期在太阳下劳作，因此她的皱纹是由长期的艰苦工作和生活的艰辛所致。故选A。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但引起我注意的是她眼睛周围的皱纹。A.concern关切；B.attention注意；C.curiosity好奇心；D.sympathy同情。根据下文“Thesewrinklesweredeepandforever“canyons”thathadbeen______byamillionsmilesandalifetimeoflaughter.”可知，作者在仔细描述这个女人眼睛周围的皱纹，由此推知，这些皱纹引起了她的注意，固定短语catchone’sattention意为“引起某人的注意”。故选B。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些皱纹极深，成了永远的“峡谷”，是由无数的微笑和一生的笑声形成的。A.rewarded奖励；B.motivated激励；C.formed形成；D.integrated整合。根据上文“forever“canyons””和下文“byamillionsmilesandalifetimeoflaughter”可知，此处是用“峡谷”来形容这个女人眼睛周围的皱纹，这些都是因为无数的微笑和一生的笑声而形成的。故选C。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的眼睛深陷，藏在又厚又沉的眼镜后面。A.options选择；B.emotions情感；C.smiles微笑；D.eyes眼睛。根据下文“hiddenbehindthick,heavyglasses”可推知，藏在又厚又沉的眼镜后面的是眼睛。故选D。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但你仍然可以看到它们发出美好的光芒。A.escaping逃离；B.shining发光；C.dying死亡；D.swinging摇摆。根据上文“alovelylight”和下文“outofthem”可推知，此处指眼睛发出美好的光芒。故选B。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她和你说话的时候，她的双眼充满了奇妙的光芒，告诉你她内心充满了信仰、爱、希望、善良和喜悦。A.anxious焦虑的；B.compared比较的；C.content满足的；D.filled充满的。根据上文“thattoldyou”和下文“withfaith,love,hope,kindnessandjoy”可推知，此处是描述这个女人说话时双眼传达的讯息，应该是她内心充满了信仰、爱、希望、善良和喜悦，固定短语befilledwith意为“充满”。故选D。【34题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我只和她说了一两分钟话，但我离开时感觉好多了，也更快乐了。A.castoff摆脱；B.focusedon专注于；C.spoketo对……说话；D.applaudedfor为……鼓掌。根据上文“Whenshetalkedtoyou”可推知，作者是和她说话了，离开时有了积极的感受。故选C。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只希望有一天我自己的脸上也能呈现出她脸上的表情，显示出幸福的生活和被爱的生活。A.change改变；B.present展示；C.lose失去；D.improve改进。根据上文“onedaymyownface”和下文“thesignsthathersdid”可推知，作者在表达对自己的美好希望，希望自己的脸可以和这个女人的一样，呈现那样美丽的表情。故选B。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dieselengines(柴油机)workonthesamebasicprinciples___36___gasolineengines,buttheydotheworkdifferently.Let’stakeacloserlook.Thestoryofthedieselengineactuallybeginswiththeinventionofthegasolineengine.NikolausAugustOtto___37___(invent)thegasolineenginein1861.Hisinventionusedthefour-strokecombustion(四冲程燃烧)principle,alsoknownasthe“OttoCycle”,___38___isthebasisformostcarenginestoday.Initsearlystage,thegasolineenginewasn’tveryefficient,andothermajormethodsoftransportation,suchasthesteamengine,performed___39___(poor)aswell.Onlyabout10percentofthefuel___40___(use)topowerthesetypesofenginesactuallymovedavehicle.Therestofthefuelsimplyproduceduselessheat.RudolfDiese