新生儿儿科英文讲课

汇报人：EnglishLectureonNeonatalPediatrics目录BasicknowledgeofneuralpediatricsNewbornfeedingandnutritionDailycarefornewbornsFrequentlyaskedquestionsandanswersfornewbornsNewbornsafetyandfirstaid01BasicknowledgeofneuralpediatricsChapterVSThenormalgrowthofanewbornisacriticalaspectoftheirdevelopmentNewbornstypicallygainweightatarateofabout10-15gramsperday,withatotalweightgainofabout200-300gramsperweekDevelopmentalstagesNewbornsunderseveraldevelopmentalstages,startingwiththefinancialstage,thenmovingintothenewbornperiod,andfinallyintotheincidentstageEachstageischaracterizedbyuniquephysicalandbehavioralchangesNormalGrowthGrowthanddevelopmentcharacteristicsofnewbornsJaundiceisacommonconditioninnewborns,causedbythebreakdownofredbloodcellsIttypicallyresolvessportoneouslywithinafewdaystoweeks,butmultiplecasesmayrequiretreatmentwithphototherapyorexchangetransferHypogenemia,orlowbloodsugar,canoccurinnewbornsiftheydonotreceiveenoughglucosefromtheirmothersduringpregnancyoriftheyhaveametabolicconditionthataffectstheirabilitytoregulatebloodsugarlevelsJaundiceHypogenemiaCommonissuesinnewbornsFeeding:NewbornsrequirefrequentfeedstoensuretheyreceiveenoughnutritionBreakfeedingisrecommendedfornewborns,asitprovidesessentialnutrientsandantibioticsthathelpprotectagainstinfectionIfbreakfeedingisnotpossible,formulafeedingcanbeusedasanalternativeSleep:Newbornsrequirealotofsleep,typicallysleepingforabout16-20hoursperdayAdarkandquietenvironmentisessentialforpromotinggoodsleephabitsinnewbornsCleanliness:NewbornsshouldbekeptcleananddrytopreventskininfectionsandotherhealthproblemsDiaperchangesshouldbedonefrequently,andtheUmbilicalCordStumpshouldbekeptcleanuntilitfallsoffKeypointsofnewborncare02NewbornfeedingandnutritionChapterBreastfeedingBreakfeedingisthemostnaturalandhealthywaytofeedanewbornItprovidestheessentialnutrientsandantibioticsthatarecriticalforthebaby'sgrowthanddevelopmentBreakmilkiseasilydigestibleandcontainslivingimmunefactorsthatprotectthebabyfrominfectionsItalsohelpstoestablishastrongbondbetweenthemotherandthebabyBreakfeedingisrecommendedforthefirstsixmonthsofababy'slife,asitprovidesallthenutrientsrequiredfornormalgrowthanddevelopmentBreakfeedingcanbechallenginginthebeginning,butwithpracticeandsupport,mostmothersareabletoestablishagoodbreakfeedingrouteArtisticfeedingistheuseofformulamilkorothernon-humanmilkproductstofeedanewbornWhileformulamilkisagoodalternativeforfeedinganewborn,itdoesnotprovideallthenutrientsandantibioticsfoundinbreadmilkArtisticfeedingcanbeconsideredforparentswhoareunabletobreakfeedorwhenbreakmilkisnotavailableHowever,artisticfeedinghasbeenassociatedwithanincreasedriskofappealsandinfectionsinsomestudies,soitshouldonlybeusedwhennecessaryandundertheguidanceofahealthcareprofessionalArtisticfeedingNutritionalneedsofnewbonesNewbornsrequireabalanceddiethatincludesproteins,carbohydrates,fat,vitamins,andmineralstosupporttheirgrowthanddevelopmentBreakmilkprovidesalltheessentialnutrientsrequiredbynewborns,butifartisticfeedingisnecessary,formulamilkshouldbechosenthatisspecificallydesignedfornewbornsBabiesneedavarietyoffoodstoensuretheygetallthenutrientstheyrequire,includingvegetables,fruits,wholegrains,leanproteinsources,andhealthyfatsItisimportanttointroducesolidfoodsgraduallyaftersixmonthsofagetoensurethatbabiesgetenoughenergyandnutrientstosupporttheirgrowthanddevelopment03DailycarefornewbornsChapterNewbornstypicallysleepfor14-17hoursperday,inregularpatternsTheyshouldbeplacedinaquiet,darkenvironmenttopromotebettersleepSleepDurationEstablishingafeedingscheduleiscriticalFeedyourbabyevery2-3hours,dayandnight,toensuretheygetenoughnutritionScheduleSleepandScheduleDiaperingChangeyourbaby'sdiaperfrequently,especiallyafterfeedingUseacoldcleanertocleantheareaaroundtheanusandgenitalsHandwashingAlwayswashyourhandsbeforehandlingyourbabyortouchingtheirfeedingequipmentThishelpspreventthespreadofgermsCleaningandhygieneVacancyiscriticalfornewbornbabiestoprotectthemagainstseriousdiseasesItstimulatestheimmunesystemandhelpsbuildresistanceagainstinfectionsImportanceThestandardvacancyschedulefornewbornsincludesvacanciesforHeritageB,Diphtheria,Titanus,Pertussis,Polio,Haemophilusinfluenzaetypeb(Hib),Pneumococcalconjugatevaccine(PCV),Rotavirus,andothersasrecommendedbytheCDCScheduleNewbornvacuum04FrequentlyaskedquestionsandanswersfornewbornsChapterJaundiceproblemWhatisjaundice?JaundiceisayellowdissertationoftheskinandwhiteoftheeyescausedbythebuildofbilirubininthebloodItisacommonconditioninnewbonesWhydoesjaundiceoccur?JaundiceoccurrencesduetothebreakdownofredbloodcellsduringthefirstfewdaysafterbirthThenewborn'slifeisnotyetfullydevelopedandcannotprocessbilirubineffectivelyHowisjaundicetreated?Jaundiceiscommonlytreatedbyphototherapy,whichinvolvesexposingthebabytobluelightThishelpsbreakdownbilirubinandfacilityitsexcessthroughthebaby'surineWhenshouldIbeconsideredaboutjaundice?Ifthejaundiceissevereorprogressivelyworrisome,orifitpersistsbeyondthefirstweekoflife,itmayrequirefurtherevaluationandtreatmentSpittingmilkproblemWhatisspittingmilk?SpittingmilkiswhenanewbornspituporvomitsmilkafterfeedingWhydoesspittingmilkoccur?Spittingmilkcanbecausedbyovereating,swallowingairduringfeeding,oragastrointestinalconditionsuchasrefluxorlactoseintegrityHowisspittingmilktreated?Totreatspittingmilk,prompttofeedthebabyinsmallamountsandmorefrequentlyMakesuretoburpthebabyafterfeedingtopreventswingingairIftheproblempersists,consultahealthcareproviderWhenshouldIbeconcernedaboutspittingmilk?Ifthespittingmilkissevereorabsorbedbyweightlossordehydration,seekmedicalattentionpromptlyWhatisanumbrellacord?TheumbilicalcordisthecordthatconnectsthebabytotheplacentaduringpregnancyandremainsattachedtothebabyafterbirthHowshouldtheumbrellacordbetakencareoffor?TheUmbilicalcordshouldbekeptcleananddryItshouldnotbetightlywrappedaroundthebaby'sneckorcutshorterthanthebaby'slevelThecoreshouldfalloffwithinafewweeksafterbirthWhenshouldIbeconsideredaboutUmbilicalCordCareissues?Ifthenumericalcoretakeslongerthan21daystofalloff,ifthereisdischargeorswingingaroundthecore,orifthebabyhasafever,seekmedicalattentionprompt010203Umbilicalcordcareissues05NewbornsafetyandfirstaidChapterSafesleepingenvironment01Provideasafesleepingenvironmentforthenewborn,soasacriborbasinetwithfirmstressandnosoftbeddingPropertytemperaturecontrol02MaintainastableindoortemperatureandhumiditytopreventoverheatingorhyperthermiainthenewbornCleanlines03Keepthebaby'senvironmentcleanandfreeofgermstopreventinfectionsSafetyenvironmentlayoutBasiclifesupportAdministerbasiclifesupporttechnologiessuchasclearingtheairway,chestcompressions,