新教材英语人教版选择性单元加餐练2Unit2LookingintotheFuture

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解LetusallraiseaglasstoAlphaGoandtheadvanceofartificialintelligence.AlphaGo,DeepMind'sGo­playingAI，justdefeatedthebestGo­playinghuman，LeeSedol.Butaswedrinktoitssuccess,weshouldalsobegintryingtounderstandwhatitmeansforthefuture.ThenumberofpossiblemovesinagameofGoissohugethat,inordertowinagainstaplayerlikeLee,AlphaGowasdesignedtoadoptahuman­likestyleofgameplaybyusingarelativelyrecentdevelopment—deeplearning.Deeplearninguseslargedatasets，“machinelearning”algorithms(计算程序)anddeepneuralnetworkstoteachtheAIhowtoperformaparticularsetoftasks.RatherthanprogrammingplexGorulesandstrategiesintoAlphaGo，DeepMinddesignerstaughtAlphaGotoplaythegamebyfeedingitdatabasedontypicalGomoves.Then，AlphaGoplayedagainstitself,tirelesslylearningfromitsownmistakesandimprovingitsgameplayovertime.Theresultsspeakforthemselves.Deeplearningrepresentsashiftintherelationshiphumanshavewiththeirtechnologicalcreations.ItresultsinAIthatdisplayssurprisingandunpredictablebehaviour.mentingafterhisfirstloss，Leedescribedbeingshockedbyanunconventionalmoveheclaimednohumanwouldeverhavemade.DemisHassabis,oneofDeepMind'sfounders，echoedthisment：“We'reverypleasedthatAlphaGoplayedsomequitesurprisingandbeautifulmoves.”Unpredictabilityandsurprisesare—orcanbe—agoodthing.Theycanindicatethatasystemisworkingwell，perhapsbetterthanthehumansthatcamebeforeit.SuchisthecasewithAlphaGo.However，unpredictabilityalsoindicatesalossofhumancontrol.ThatHassabisissurprisedathiscreation'sbehavioursuggestsalackofcontrolinthedesign.AndthoughsomelossofcontrolmightbefineinthecontextofagamesuchasGo，itraisesurgentquestionselsewhere.HowmuchandwhatkindofcontrolshouldwegiveuptoAImachines?HowshouldwedesignappropriatehumancontrolintoAIthatrequiresustogiveupsomeofthatverycontrol?IstheresomeAIthatweshouldjustnotdevelopifitmeansanylossofhumancontrol?Howmuchofasayshouldcorporations，governments，expertsorcitizenshaveinthesematters?Theseimportantquestions,andmanyotherslikethem，haveemergedinresponse，butremainunanswered.Theyrequirehuman，nothuman­like，solutions.SoaswedrinktothemilestoneinAI,let'salsodrinktotheunderstandingthatthetimetoanswerdeeplyhumanquestionsaboutdeeplearningandAIisnow.这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。这篇文章作者结合人工智能AlphaGo战胜韩国棋手李世石的围棋比赛展开，阐述了AI的运作原理以及作者的思考。1．WhatcontributesmosttotheunconventionalmoveofAlphaGointhegame?A．Thecapabilityofself­improvement.B．Theconstantinputoflargedatasets.C．Theinstallationofdeepneutralnetworks.D．TheknowledgeofGorulesandstrategies.答案：A解析：推理判断题。答案定位在第二段Then，AlphaGoplayedagainstitself,tirelesslylearningfromitsownmistakesandimprovingitsgameplayovertime.Theresultsspeakforthemselves.可知，AI的学习过程是通过不断和自己比赛，吸取经验获得自我提高，故选A。2．ApotentialdangerofAIis________.A．thelossofhumancontrolB．thefriendlyrelationshipC．thefiercepetitionD．thelackofchallenge答案：A解析：细节理解题。答案定位在第四段However，unpredictabilityalsoindicatesalossofhumancontrol.可知，不可预测性也表明失去了人类的控制，故选A。3．HowshouldwedealwiththeunpredictabilityofAI?A．WeshouldstopAImachinesfromdevelopingevenfurther.B．Weshouldcallonthegovernmenttosolvetheseproblemsforus.C．Weshouldrelyonourselvesandeupwitheffectivesolutions.D．Weshouldinventevenmoreintelligentmachinestosolveeverything.答案：C解析：推理判断题。答案定位在第五段Theyrequirehuman，nothuman­like，solutions.可知，他们需要人类，只有人类自己努力才最可能找出解决方案，故选C。4．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthisremarkableadvanceinAI?A．Supportive. B．Optimistic.C．Doubtful. D．Cautious.答案：D解析：推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段SoaswedrinktothemilestoneinAI,let'salsodrinktotheunderstandingthatthetimetoanswerdeeplyhumanquestionsaboutdeeplearningandAIisnow.可知作者认为当我们为人工智能的里程碑干杯时，也要知道现在是深入回答关于深度学习和人工智能的时候了。因此推断作者对于AI的先进性持谨慎态度，让时间来证明这一切。A.Supportive支持的；B.Optimistic乐观的；C.Doubtful可疑的；D.Cautious谨慎的，故选D。Ⅱ.七选五LiveEveryDayLikeIt'saHolidayWefeelgreatonholidaybecauseweletgoofeverydaystressesandstrains.__1__Sowhetherornotyou'regoingawaythissummer,there'splentyyoucandotomakesureyoubenefitfromthatholidayfeeling.SleeplikeaholidaymakerSleeplikeababywhenyou'reonyourholidaysbutstayawakewhenyou'reinyourusualroutine?__2__Toresetyoursleeppattern,avoidbringingproblemstobed.Thatincludesyourphone,TVorlaptop.Makesuretheroomisdarkandcool.Aimforatleastsevenhours'ZZZs—justasyouwouldonholiday.Getmoving__3__Awalkwillreleasehappyhormones,andeasesanxietyandmilddepression.Giventhatexerciseischeap,healthyandreducesstress,itmakesabsolutesensetobuilditintoyourday.Startwithjust15minutesofexerciseaday.__4__Partofthejoyofgoingawayislingeringoverdeliciousfoodwithfamilies.Takeuptheholidayhabitofsittingdownasafamilyforatleastonemealaday.Familieswhoeattogetherexperiencelessanxiety,lessdepressionandlessobesity,researchhasfound.BeatouristinyourowncityPartofthethrillofaholidayisthenoveltyofdiscoveringanewplaceanddoingnewthings.__5__Atweekends,checkoutanewmusicvenue,visitadifferentmuseumorhaveadrinkinthatinteresting­lookingpubyou'realwayswalkingpast.Itwillgetyououtofroutineandmakeyoufeelalive.Abitlikeaholiday,really.A．Makeyourmealsacelebration.B．Carveoutsomededicatedquiettime.C．Ifso,youmightneedtoexamineyoursleephabits.D．Justmakesureyouscheduleitintoyourdayorweek.E．Butit'salsoeasytobeaholidaymakerintheplaceyoulive.F．Researchhasevenshownthatvacationshelphealthandwell­being.G．Whenyou'retravelling,youwalkaroundnewcitieswithoutasecondthought.本文在几个方面给读者提出了几条建议，建议人们为自己营造假期氛围，享受生活。1．F解析：由标题和第一句可知，由于摆脱了每天的压力和紧张，假期给我们的感觉很好。研究甚至表明，假期有助于健康和幸福。该句与上一句构成递进关系，故选项F符合语境。2．C解析：本段第一句为设问句，“当你在度假的时候睡得像个婴儿一样，但当你在你的日常生活中保持清醒？”因此该空作为答语，如果是这样，你可能需要检查你的睡眠习惯。故选C。3．G解析：根据本段的标题和本段其他几句可知散步有很多好处，作者建议人们多运动。又根据下一句提及的“thatexercise”，可知与选项G中“walkaroundnewcities”有呼应关系，故选G。4．A解析：本句为标题句。根据本段段意可知，为了减少焦虑、抑郁和肥胖，要养成和家人一起坐下来，每天至少吃一顿饭的假日习惯。故“让吃饭成为一种庆祝活动”符合题意，故选A。5．E解析：根据本段标题句：在自己的城市做一名游客。由上下文逻辑可知，本句与上一句构成转折关系，进入正题，选项E中tobeaholidaymakerintheplaceyoulive与主题呼应，故选E。Ⅲ.完形填空AsachildIoncereadanarticleaboutthePacificCrestTrail(太平洋屋脊步道)inNationalGeographic.Itwasa__1__oftwomenwhowalked2,650milesfromMexicotoCanadawithhugepacks.Itcaughtmyeye,asI,too,__2__adventuresinthewilderness.I'vealwaysrememberedthatstory,butneverbelievedIwouldactually__3__it.Itwastoofaroutofmyfortzone.Butthen,attheageof42,Ihikedthe88TemplesTrailthroughJapan.There,Iexperiencedhow__4__itcouldbetohikealone.What__5__memostwerethefantasticmountains,grandtemplesandgenerouslocalpeople.And__6__，Imanagedtopletethetrailinsixweekswithoutanysevereinjuries.Forthefirsttime,I__7__thatIcouldachievemydreamoftravellingaroundAmericaoneday.WhenIsharedmyplanwithfriendsandcolleagues,thenewswasweledwith__8__reactions.FromsomeIgotenthusiastic__9__.Butfromotherstherewerefrownsandquestionmarks.Halfayearawayfrommyfamilywasa__10__forme.Yetitwouldn'tdefeatme.Afterall,sixmonthsis__11__ashortperiodinalifetime.Afterhavingworkedhardfor20yearsinshinyofficebuildings,Ifelttheneedformore__12__inmylife.Ihopedto__13__andlookwithin,aswellasexploretheunfamiliarthings.IunderstoodthatIneededthemboth.__14__JohnMuironceputit,“Keepcloseto__15__...andclimbamountainorspendaweekinthewoods.Washyourspiritclean.”本文写了作者从小的梦想是野外探险，工作了二十多年之后，决定放慢生活的速度去看一些不熟悉的东西。1．A.news B．report C．story D．photo答案：C解析：考查名词及句意理解。A.news新闻；B．report报告；C.story故事；D.photo照片。根据句意我曾经读过的一本书，可知应该是个故事。所以选C。2．A.knewof B．dreamedof C．heardabout D．worriedabout答案：B解析：考查短语及句意理解。A.knewof了解；B.dreamedof梦想；C．heardabout听说；D.worriedabout焦急。我也梦想着野外探险。所以选B。3．A.make B．ignore C．appreciate D．reject答案：A解析：考查动词及句意理解。A.make做；B．ignore忽视；C.appreciate欣赏；D.reject拒绝。我从来不相信我能做成。所以选A。4．A.dull B．difficult C．attractive D．crazy答案：C解析：考查形容词及句意理解。A.dull无聊的；B.difficult困难的；C．attractive具有吸引力的；D．crazy疯狂的。我体会到独自徒步旅行是多么吸引人。所以选C。5．A.confused B．shocked C．affected D．impressed答案：D解析：考查动词及句意理解。A.confused使迷惑；B．shocked使惊讶；C.affected影响；D．impressed给……留下深刻印象。给我印象最深的是奇异的山峰。所以选D。6．A.tomyregret B．tomysurpriseC．tomysadness D．tomydisappointment答案：B解析：考查介词短语及句意理解。A.tomyregret令我后悔的是；B.tomysurprise令我惊讶的是；C.tomysadness令我难过的是；D.tomydisappointment令我失望的是。令我惊讶的是，我在六周内完成了全程，没有任何严重的伤病。所以选B。7．A.denied B．pretended C．realized D．promised答案：C解析：考查动词及句意理解。A.denied拒绝；B．pretended假装；C．realized意识到；D.promised承诺。我第一次意识到我能够实现我的梦想。所以选C。8．A.mixed B．positive C．doubtful D．strange答案：A解析：考查形容词及句意理解。A.mixed混合的；B．positive积极的；C.doubtful怀疑的；D．strange奇怪的。当我与朋友和同事分享我的计划时，他们对这个消息反应混杂不一。所以选A。9．A.promiseB．assistance C．devotion D．approval答案：D解析：考查名词及句意理解。A.promise承诺；B．assistance帮助；C．devotion奉献；D.approval赞成，认可。我得到热情的认可。所以选D。10．A.relief B．challenge C．delight D．fort答案：B解析：考查名词及句意理解。A.relief释放，轻松；B．challenge挑战；C．delight高兴；D．fort安慰。离开家半年对我来说是一种挑战。所以选B。11．A.finally B．hardly C．quickly D．simply答案：D解析：考查副词及句意理解。A.finally最终；B.hardly几乎不；C．quickly快速地；D.simply不过，仅仅。六个月仅仅是生命中非常短的一段时光。所以选D。12．A.adventureB．bravery C．safety D．knowledge答案：A解析：考查名词及句意理解。A.adventure冒险；B.bravery勇敢；C.safety安全；D．knowledge知识。二十多年的办公室工作之后，我觉得我的生活需要更多的冒险。所以选A。13．A.speedupB．standby C．slowdown D．dropout答案：C解析：考查短语动词及句意理解。A.speedup加速；B.standby支持；袖手旁观；C.slowdown减速；D.dropout退出。我希望放慢脚步，同时探索那些不熟悉的东西。所以选C。14．A.WhenB．As C．If D．Unless答案：B解析：考查连词及句意理解。A.When当……的时候；B.As正如；C.If如果；D．Unless除非。正如约翰·缪尔曾经说过的，“亲近自然……爬山或者在树林里待上一个星期，把你的灵魂洗干净。”所以选B。15．A.forestB．desert C．nature D．valley答案：C解析：考查名词及句意理解。A.forest森林；B．desert沙漠；C．nature自然；D．valley山谷。正如约翰·缪尔曾经说过的，“亲近自然……爬山或者在树林里待上一个星期，把你的灵魂洗干净”。所以选C。Ⅳ.概要写作Overthepastfewyears,therehasbeenabigincreaseinthenumberofpeoplesharinginformationonline.Inthisarticle,wewilllearnaboutsomepositivefactorsforpeopletoshareinformationonline.Weoftenshareinformationwithourfriendsintheofficeorathometoeducate,entertainorpleasantlysurprisethem.Inthiswaywecanconnectwithothers.Thisisalsotruewhilesharinginformationonline.IfyoulookattheFacebookwallpostsofyourfriends,youwillrealizethatmostoftheirupdatesareusuallyfamousquotes,entertainingvideos,inspirationalimages,funnyjokes,etc.94%ofthosewhorespondedtoasurveybyTheNewYorkTimessaidtheyputalotofthoughtintohowthecontenttheyaresharingwillbebeneficialtoothers.Alotofpeopleshareinformationonlinetorepresenttheirtrueselftotheoutsideworld.Somepeople,especi