【英语】湖南省衡阳市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末联考试题(解析版)

湖南省衡阳市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末联考英语试题第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C1.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Gototheplayground.B.Getoutoftheelevator.C.Stopjumpingintheelevator.【答案】C【解析】W:Becareful.Stopjumpingintheelevator.It’sdangeroustodothat.Ifyouwanttoplay,whydon’tyougototheplayground?M:I’msorry.Iwon’tdothatagain.2.Whatwillhappenaboutthecitycenter?A.Therewillbemorepollution.B.Therewillbemorebicycletracks.C.Therewillbemoreparkingareas.【答案】B【解析】W:Didyouhearaboutthechangestothecitycenter?Startingnextmonth,therewillbemorebicycletracksandlessstreetparking.M:That’sgood.Therewillbelesspollutiondowntown.I’msuretherewillbefeweraccidents,too.3.Howwillthewomanpay?A.Incash. B.Bycheck. C.Bycreditcard.【答案】C【解析】W:Howmuchisit?M:$375.Willthatbecashorcreditcard?Wealsoacceptchecks.W:I’llpaybycreditcard.Idon’tcarrythatmuchcashwithme.4.Whyisthewomanunsatisfiedwiththefish?A.Ittastesterrible.B.Itisservedtoolate.C.It’snotwhatsheordered.【答案】A【解析】M:Isthereanythingwrong,madam?W:Therecertainlyis.Thisfishisnotfittoeat.Tostartwith,it’sovercooked,andthenit’scold,too.M:I’msorryaboutthat.I’llhaveitchanged.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inatheatre. C.Atagasstation.【答案】B【解析】W:Didyougetsomegasforthecar?M:oh,Iforgot.We’dbettergetsomeonourwayback.Shallwegetsomethingtoeatnow?W:I’mnothungrynow.Let’sgoforamid-nightdinneraftertheplay.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whodoesthemanwanttospeakto?A.MaryJones. B.JackStewart. C.DavidBowie.7.Whenwillthetrainingcoursestart?A.OnJune12th. B.OnJuly12th. C.OnJuly22nd.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】W:Hello,MaryJones.M:Hello.ThisisJackStewart.IsDavidBowiethere?W:No,I’msorry.Hehasjustlefttheoffice.M:Whenwillhebeback?W:NottillThursday.CanItakeamessage?M:Yes,thanks.ThisisJackStewarthere.Iwanttotalktohimaboutatrainingcourseheisinterestedin.ItwillstartonJuly12th,notonJuly22ndasoriginallyplanned.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Howmuchistherentfortheextralargetentperday?A.$10. B.$50. C.$60.9.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Reserveatent. B.Lookforacampingsite. C.Changehercampingplan.【答案】8.C9.A【解析】M:Hello,Ineedtorentanoutdoortentwhichisbigenoughforfourpeople.W:Thenyou’llneedourlargetent.Itcanberentedfor50dollarsperday.Butforanextra10dollars,youcanreserveourextra-largetent.Itwilloffersomeadditionalstandingroomspace.M:Ithinkthat’sexactlywhatIneed.W:Great,butyou’llhavetoreserveatentatleastoneweekinadvance,forit’salittleshortofsupply.M:Noproblem!Ourcampingtripisnextmonth.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Whenwillthemantourthecampus?A.OnMondaymorning. B.OnMondayafternoon. C.OnTuesdayafternoon.11.Whichyearofcollegearethespeakersprobablyinnow?A.Thefirstyear. B.Thesecondyear. C.Thethirdyear.12.WhatactivitywillthemantakepartinonTuesdaymorning?A.CareersLecture. B.StudentUnionInduction. C.LibraryTour.【答案】10.B11.A12.C【解析】M:Liz,I’mlookingatthetimetablehere.Itseemsthattherearesomechoicesavailable.W:So,whatareyougoingtodoonMondayafternoon?Inthemorningweallhavetheopeninglecture.M:Well,theCareersLecturemightbehelpful,butIaminterestedintheUniversityTour.So,I’mdoingthetourfirst,thenthelecture.W:Alright.Mightlearnsomethinginteresting.Afterall,wehaven’tseenmuchoftheuniversityyet,andwewillbespendingfouryearshere.M:OnTuesdayafternoon,there’salectureaboutstudyskills,butthatmorningoffersanotherchoice.W:LibraryTourorStudentUnionInduction,whatdoyouthink?M:Ithinkthestudentunionisveryimportant,butwecangothereanytime.Nowweshouldtakeadvantageofthelibrarytour.W:Ok.Wednesdaymorningisfree,butafterlunchthere’sachoicebetweenvisitingthecomputerlabandattendingalectureonourlegalrights.M:Well,computersarethebasisofeverythingthesedays,soI’mgoingtothecomputerlab.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.Whatpositionisthemanapplyingfor?A.Amusicteacher. B.Aradiohost. C.ATVproducer.14.Whatdoesthemansayaboutsendingemails?A.Heisgoodatit. B.Heneedstimetopractice. C.Heprefersmakingphonecalls.15.Whatdoesthejobinvolveaccordingtothewoman?A.Alotoftraffic. B.Gettingupearly. C.Dealingwithcomplaints.16.Whoappearsintheman’sreferencelist?A.Hisformerboss. B.Hisformerclassmate. C.Hisformercolleague.【答案】13.B14.A15.B16.C【解析】W:Haveaseat,please.Tellmewhyyouwantthisjob.M:I’veworkedasamusicteachermywholelife,andIwantachange.AsIlovemusicsomuch,Ithinkworkingasahostataradiostationwouldbeperfectforme.W:Thedutiesofthisjobincludeansweringthephonesandsendinge-mails.Howareyouwiththesethings?M:I’mexperiencedinsendinge-mails,andwhenIwasateenager,IworkedataTVstationansweringphonecalls.Iguessit’sprettysimilar.W:Wealsohavesomeearlymorningshereinthestudio.Sometimesyou’llhavetobeherearound4:00am.M:Good.I’manearlyriser,sothat’seasyforme.Italsomeanslesstraffic,whichisgreat.W:DoyouhavereferencesIcancall?M:yes,Ihavealisttogiveyou.TwoarethepeopleIworkedwithatmylastjob,andoneisaprofessorofmygraduateschool.W:Okay.I’llgiveyouacallsoontoletyouknowourdecision.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whenwilltheracebeheldthisyear?A.OnMay11th. B.OnMay23rd. C.OnMay24th.18.Wheredoestheracestart?A.Atthefootballground.B.Onthenorthsideofthepark.C.Atthemainentranceofthepark.19.Whatcaneveryrunnergetthisyear?A.AT-shirt. B.Awaterbottle. C.Apairofrunningshoes.20.Whocanrunintheracefreeofcharge?A.Childrenbetween8and15.B.Childrenundertheageof8.C.Adultswhohaveregisteredinadvance.【答案】17.C18.A19.B20.A【解析】M:I’mCarolJohnson,theorganizerofthisyear’sAbingtonFunRun.I’mdelightedtotellyouthatthisyearitwillbeheldonMay24th.It’sopentorunnersofanyage.ThecourseofthefunrunwillbethroughthebeautifulenvironmentofAbingtonParkandthetotaldistancewillbethreekilometers,startingandfinishingatthefootballground.That’sonthesouthsideofthepark,veryclosetothemainentrance.AbingtonFunRunisaraceinwhichtherearenowinnersorlosers.Everyonewhotakespartwillbegivensomethingtoremembertheday.LastyearitwasaT-shirt.Thisyearitwillbeawaterbottle.Thecostforadultsis$8ifyouregisterinadvanceor$10ontheday.Anychildundertheageof15cantakepartforfreebutthere’salowestagelimitof8.Ifyouwouldliketojoininit,entryformsandaninformationpackwithlotsofusefultipsforimprovingyourfitnessandpreparingfortherunareavailablefromanynewsagent’s.Seeyouthere.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHerearefourcitiesthataregreatforwintertravel.QuebecCity,CanadaQuebecCityisoneoftheoldestcitiesinNorthAmerica.Inthewinter,itiscoveredinathickblanketofsnow,creatingbeautifulwinterscenery.VisitorscanexploretheQuebecCitycastle,thestreetsoftheoldtown,andancientchurches.Youcanalsotrywinteractivitiessuchasskiing,ice-skating,anddog-sledding.Helsinki,FinlandHelsinki,thecapitalofFinland,turnsintoafairytale-likecityinthewinter.YoucantakeawalkalongthefrozencoastoftheBalticSea,visitSt.Nicholas’AnglicanChurchandtheNationalMuseumofFinland,andindulgeinthepleasureoftastingcandyandhotchocolateinwarmcafes.Additionally,youcanexperiencethewondersoftheArcticCirclenearbyinLapland,includingchasingthenorthernlights,reindeersledding,andvisitingSantaClausVillage.Innsbruck,AustriaInnsbruckissituatedintheAlpsandisawintersportsdestination.Thecityisfamousforitsmagnificentmountainsceneryandworld-classskiresorts.Visitorscanenjoythemedievalarchitectureinthecitycenter,skiattheOlympicskiresort,orwatchskijumpingcompetitionsattheskijumpingvenue.Lausanne,SwitzerlandLausanneisacityintheFrench-speakingregionofSwitzerland,locatedontheshoresofLakeGeneva.Thecityboastscharminglakeviewsandsnow-cappedmountainbackgrounds,makingitanidealwintervacationdestination.Youcantakeastrollalongthelakesidepromenade,visittheOlympicMuseum,orsampleSwisscuisinesuchaschocolateandcheesefondue.Additionally,Lausannehassomefamousskiresorts,suchasLesDiableretsandVillars.21.WhatcanvisitorsdoinQuebecCityduringthewinter?A.Visitthefamouschocolatefactory.B.ExploreSantaClausVillage.C.Appreciatetheoldbuildings.D.Walkingalongthebeautifulbeach.22.WhichcitywillbethefirstchoiceifonewantstoseetheArcticlandscape?A.QuebecCity. B.Helsinki. C.Innsbruck. D.Lausanne.23.Whatdothelasttwocitieshaveincommon?A.Theyhavefamousskiresorts.B.Theyhaveworld-famousmuseums.C.Theyarelocatedontheshoresoflakes.D.TheyarefamousfortheOlympicGames.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个非常适合冬季旅行的城市。【答案】21.C22.B23.A【21题详解】细节理解题。由文章QuebecCity,Canada部分“QuebecCityisoneoftheoldestcitiesinNorthAmerica.Inthewinter,itiscoveredinathickblanketofsnow,creatingbeautifulwinterscenery.VisitorscanexploretheQuebecCitycastle,thestreetsoftheoldtown,andancientchurches.Youcanalsotrywinteractivitiessuchasskiing,ice-skating,anddog-sledding.(魁北克市是北美最古老的城市之一。在冬天，它被厚厚的雪毯覆盖，创造了美丽的冬季风景。游客可以探索魁北克城的城堡、老城区的街道和古老的教堂。你也可以尝试一些冬季活动，比如滑雪、滑冰和狗拉雪橇。)”可知，冬天游客在Quebec能欣赏那些古老的建筑。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。由文章Helsinki,Finland部分中“Additionally,youcanexperiencethewondersoftheArcticCirclenearbyinLapland,includingchasingthenorthernlights,reindeersledding,andvisitingSantaClausVillage.(此外，您还可以在拉普兰附近体验北极圈的奇观，包括追逐北极光、驯鹿雪橇和参观圣诞老人村。)”可知，如果想看北极景观，Helsinki将是首选。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。由文章Innsbruck,Austria部分中“Thecityisfamousforitsmagnificentmountainsceneryandworld-classskiresorts.(这座城市以其壮丽的山景和世界级的滑雪胜地而闻名。)”和Lausanne,Switzerland部分中“Additionally,Lausannehassomefamousskiresorts,suchasLesDiableretsandVillars.(此外，洛桑还有一些著名的滑雪胜地，如LesDiableets和Villars。)”可知，最后两个城市都有著名的滑雪胜地。故选A。BCreightonisnostrangertothemedia.HewasthefaceofaTVseries,whichremainspopularforitsbehind-the-sceneslookattheupsanddownsofzoolife.Hewasoftenstoppedonthestreet,andisregularlycalled“themanfromthezoo”.Creighton’sfatherandhisbrotheralsoworkedatDublinZoo.“Idon’teverremembernotbeinginthezoo,”hesaid.Creighton’spassionforanimalwelfareisclear,andnotsomethingthathasreducedovertheyears—forhim,orhisfather.Justafewhoursearlierhewasatthevet’swithhisfatherwheretheir15-year-oldGermanshepherdhadtobeputtosleep.“Foranyzookeeper,losingananimalislikelosingapartofyourself,”saidCreighton.Hehasbeenpresentfortheeuthanasiaofanoldlion,whichreducedmanyzookeeperstheretotears.Hewaspresentforthedeathofachimpanzeeinher50swhobothCreightonandhisfatherhadcaredforovertheyears.Healsodescribedthedeathofarhino,whichescapedfromatransportcontainerin1996,assomethinggut-wrenching.InJanuary2021,heleftDublinZooandstartedhisownconsultancyagency,GlobalElephantCare.Heisworkingondevelopingelephantcareandenclosures(围场)inFrance,theUK,theUS,Israel,AustraliaandtheUnitedArabEmirates,whereelephantswillhaveairconditioningtosavethemfromthe50-degreeheat.Heisalsoworkingonprojectstomanagethegradualreleaseofelephantsbackintothewild,butneverthelesstalksstraightlyabouttheirsituation.Thereareabout40,000Asianelephantsleftintheworld.Inanhour,therewillprobablybefiveorsixAfricanelephantskilledfortheirivory.Despitethecruelrealityforelephantsaroundtheworld,withincreasinghumanencroachment(侵占)ontheirnaturalhabitat,Creightonfacesitwithasmile.24.WhyisCreightonfamiliartomedia?A.HewasinvolvedinaTVprogram.B.Hefilmedadocumentaryonthepeople.C.Hepostedhisworklifeinthezooonline.D.Hewasthezookeeperofthepopularzoo.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gut-wrenching”inparagraph3mean?A.Tooproud. B.Greatlycheerful.C.Quitehelpless. D.Extremelyupset.26.WhatisCreighton’spurposeofestablishingGlobalElephantCare?A.Toraisemoneytohelpelephants.B.Toguaranteetheelephants’welfare.C.Tomanagetheelephantsinthewild.D.Toimproveelephants’livingconditions.27.WhatcanbeusedtodescribeCreighton?A.Efficientandjust. B.Sociableandloyal.C.Caringandoptimistic. D.Sensitiveandmean.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了克里顿这位前动物园工作人员的故事，以及他对动物福祉的深厚情感和他在动物保护方面的工作。【答案】24.A25.D26.B27.C【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Creightonisnostrangertothemedia.HewasthefaceofaTVseries,whichremainspopularforitsbehind-the-sceneslookattheupsanddownsofzoolife.(克里顿对媒体并不陌生，他曾经是某电视剧的主角，该剧通过幕后的视角展示了动物园生活的起起伏伏，至今仍然很受欢迎)”可知，克里顿对媒体并不陌生的原因是他曾经参加过一个电视节目，故选A项。【25题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词上文“Hehasbeenpresentfortheeuthanasiaofanoldlion,whichreducedmanyzookeeperstheretotears.Hewaspresentforthedeathofachimpanzeeinher50swhobothCreightonandhisfatherhadcaredforovertheyears.Healsodescribedthedeathofarhino,whichescapedfromatransportcontainerin1996,as(他目睹了一头老狮子的安乐死，这让那里的许多动物园管理员都流下了眼泪。一只50多岁的黑猩猩去世时，克雷顿和他的父亲多年来一直在照顾它。他还将1996年一头从运输集装箱中逃脱的犀牛的死亡描述为)”可知，犀牛从从运输集装箱中逃脱后死亡，这让克里顿感到很难过。由此推知，第三段划线部分的含义为“非常难过的”。故选D项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Heisworkingondevelopingelephantcareandenclosures(围场)inFrance,theUK,theUS,Israel,AustraliaandtheUnitedArabEmirates,whereelephantswillhaveairconditioningtosavethemfromthe50-degreeheat.Heisalsoworkingonprojectstomanagethegradualreleaseofelephantsbackintothewild.(他正在法国、英国、美国、以色列、澳大利亚和阿联酋等地致力于大象护理和圈养设施的发展，在这些地方，大象将拥有空调以抵御高达50度的酷热。他还致力于开展逐步释放大象回归野外项目的管理工作)”可推知，建立全球大象护理中心的目的是为了确保大象的福祉，而大象的福祉包括但不限于充足的食物供给、适宜的生活条件和环境、社会结构的维持、安全以及健康。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Heisworkingondevelopingelephantcareandenclosures(围场)inFrance,theUK,theUS,Israel,AustraliaandtheUnitedArabEmirates,whereelephantswillhaveairconditioningtosavethemfromthe50-degreeheat.Heisalsoworkingonprojectstomanagethegradualreleaseofelephantsbackintothewild.(他正在法国、英国、美国、以色列、澳大利亚和阿联酋等地致力于大象护理和圈养设施的发展，在这些地方，大象将拥有空调以抵御高达50度的酷热。他还致力于开展逐步释放大象回归野外项目的管理工作)”可推知，克里顿是一个有关爱之心的人。根据最后一段“Despitethecruelrealityforelephantsaroundtheworld,withincreasinghumanencroachment(侵占)ontheirnaturalhabitat,Creightonfacesitwithasmile.(尽管世界各地的大象面临着残酷的现实，随着人类对其自然栖息地的日益侵占，克里顿还是微笑着面对)”可推知，克里顿是一个乐观的人。故选C项。CAnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.“Formanydecades,scientiststhoughtthebrainmaybeprotectedfromtheharmfuleffectsofairpollution,”saidseniorstudyauthorDr.ChrisCarlsten.“Thisstudy,whichisthefirstofitskindintheworld,providesfreshevidencesupportingaconnectionbetweenairpollutionandcognition.”Forthestudy,theresearchersbrieflyexposed25healthyadultstodieselexhaust(柴油废气)andfilteredairatdifferenttimesinalaboratorysetting.Brainactivitywasmeasuredbeforeandaftereachexposureusingfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).Theresearchersanalyzedchangesinthebrain’sdefaultmodenetwork(DMN),asetofinter-connectedbrainregionsthatplayanimportantroleinmemoryandinternalthought.ThefMRIrevealedthatparticipantshaddecreasedfunctionalconnectivityinwidespreadregionsoftheDMNafterexposuretodieselexhaust,comparedtofilteredair.“WeknowthatalteredfunctionalconnectivityintheDMNhasbeenassociatedwithreducedcognitiveperformanceandsymptomsofdepression,soit’sconcerningtoseetrafficpollutioninterruptingthesesamenetworks,”saidDr.JodieGawryluk,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofVictoriaandthestudy’sfirstauthor.“Whilemoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthefunctionalimpactsofthesechanges,it’spossiblethattheymayimpair(损害)people’sthinkingorabilitytowork.”Notably,thechangesinthebrainweretemporaryandparticipants’connectivityreturnedtonormalaftertheexposure.Dr.Carlstenassumedthattheeffectscouldbelonglastingwhereexposureiscontinuous.Hesaidthatpeopleshouldbemindfuloftheairthey’rebreathingandtakeappropriatestepstominimizetheirexposuretopotentiallyharmfulairpollutantslikecarexhaust.28.Howdoestrafficpollutionaffectpeopleaccordingtothestudy?A.Exhaustingtheirbody. B.Decreasingtheirincome.C.Endangeringtheirsafety. D.Harmingtheirbrainfunction.29.WhatmaytheDMNberesponsiblefor?A.Growth. B.Sport. C.Memory. D.Behaviour.30.WhatcanpeopledotoreducetheimpactaccordingtoDr.Carlsten?A.Avoidbeingexposedtothepollutedairconstantly.B.Bemindfuloftheairqualityinanewcity.C.Measurethebrainactivityinlaboratories.D.Stayinsideahouseasoftenaspossible.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ARoleOfBrainWillBeRuinedB.TrafficPollutionMayImpairBrainFunctionC.AFamousUKUniversityDidAVitalStudyD.ASourceOfPollutionHasDrawnPeople’sAttention【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究，该研究表明普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。【答案】28.D29.C30.A31.B【28题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段“AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.(英属哥伦比亚大学(UBC)和维多利亚大学的研究人员进行的一项新研究表明，普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。)”可知，交通污染会损害人们的大脑功能。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。由文章第四段“Theresearchersanalyzedchangesinthebrain’sdefaultmodenetwork(DMN),asetofinter-connectedbrainregionsthatplayanimportantroleinmemoryandinternalthought.ThefMRIrevealedthatparticipantshaddecreasedfunctionalconnectivityinwidespreadregionsoftheDMNafterexposuretodieselexhaust,comparedtofilteredair.(研究人员分析了大脑默认模式网络(DMN)的变化，这是一组相互连接的大脑区域，在记忆和内部思维中起着重要作用。功能磁共振成像显示，与过滤空气相比，接触柴油废气后，参与者DMN广泛区域的功能连通性下降。)”可知，DMN可能负责记忆。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Dr.Carlstenassumedthattheeffectscouldbelonglastingwhereexposureiscontinuous.Hesaidthatpeopleshouldbemindfuloftheairthey’rebreathingandtakeappropriatestepstominimizetheirexposuretopotentiallyharmfulairpollutantslikecarexhaust.(Carlsten博士认为，如果持续接触，这种影响可能会持续很长时间。他说，人们应该注意自己呼吸的空气，并采取适当措施，尽量减少接触汽车尾气等潜在有害空气污染物。)”可知，Carlsten博士认为，人们可以避免经常暴露在被污染的空气中来减少影响。故选A。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.(英属哥伦比亚大学(UBC)和维多利亚大学的研究人员进行的一项新研究表明，普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新研究，该研究表明普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。故选B。DInrecentyears,studieshavesuggestedhowthebisphenolA(BPA)insomefood-packagingplasticshasbeenlinkedtovarioushealthproblemsincludingheartdiseaseanddevelopmentaldifficultiesinchildren.Scientistsarethusdevelopingamoreharmlessalternative,andit’smadefromtomatowastewhichwouldotherwisebegotridof.However,BPAisstillwidelyusedintheplasticcoatingswhichareappliedtotheinsideofmetalfoodpackagingsuchascans.Thesesmoothwaterproofcoatingshelpprotectthemetalfromcorrosion(腐蚀),plustheykeepthefoodfromstickingtotheinsideofthecontainer.Buildingonpreviousstudies,aninternationalteamhasresearchedatypeofagriculturalwasteknownastomatopomace.Thismaterialtypicallyconsistsoftomatoskins,seedsandstems,whichareleftoverafterthefruitshavebeenprocessedforuseinfoodssuchassaucesorjuices.Ordinarily,thepomaceissimplydumpedinalandfill,burned,oratbestcomposted.Itmayalsobeusedinanimalfeed,althoughitdoesn’thavemuchnutritionalvalue.Thescientistsstartedbydryingtomatopomace—firstinthesunforthreedays,thenina60℃ovenfor16hours—afterwhichtheygroundeditintoapowder.Thatpowderwassubsequentlymixedwithasodiumhydroxidesolution(溶液),whichwasthenheatedat100℃forfourhours.Afterrepeatedlyfilteringthatsolutiontoremovethesodiumhydroxide,theresearcherswereleftalipid.Thatlipidwasthenmixedintoanethylalcoholsolutionwhichwassprayedontosamplesofsomemetal.Oncethesprayhaddriedandthesampleshadbeenheatedina200℃ovenfor10to60minutes,theresultwasapolymerizedlacquercoatingwhichprovedtobeveryeffectiveatprotectingthemetal.Thescientistsnowplanontestingthecoatingonactualcans.“Wewouldtaketomatosauce,andotherfoodsthatareusuallysoldincans,andwewouldsterilizethem,putthemintinsandcheckiftheywithstandrealconditions,”saidascientist.32.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelytousetheplasticcoating?A.Apotfullofwater.B.Acupfilledwithcoffee.C.Atincontainingapplejuice.D.Anironboxstuffedwithpackagedfood.33.Whatdoweknowabouttomatopomace?A.It’susedasanimal’sfoodwithrichnutrition.B.Ithasbeenusedintheplasticcoatings.C.Peopleuseittomakesauceorjuice.D.Peopleusuallytreatitinmanyways.34.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph4?A.Howthenewcoatingiscreated. B.Whyheatingisimportant.C.Whyhightemperatureisneeded. D.Whatothermaterialsareincluded.35.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Topresentascientificstudy. B.Tointroduceanewmaterial.C.Toshowacomplexprocess. D.Toteachanactualtest.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统的含有双酚A的涂层会引发健康问题，因此科学家们使用番茄渣制成了一种新型涂层，以解决该问题，接下来研究人员会对该材料展开进一步的测试。【答案】32.C33.D34.A35.B【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“However,BPAisstillwidelyusedintheplasticcoatingswhichareappliedtotheinsideofmetalfoodpackagingsuchascans.Thesesmoothwaterproofcoatingshelpprotectthemetalfromcorrosion(腐蚀),plustheykeepthefoodfromstickingtotheinsideofthecontainer.(然而，双酚A仍被广泛应用于如罐头等金属食品包装内部的塑料涂层。这些光滑的防水涂层有助于保护金属免受腐蚀，还可以防止食物粘在容器内部)”可知，这种塑料涂层是用在如罐头等金属食品包装内部，保护金属免受腐蚀，再结合选项可知，C项“装有苹果汁的罐头”最有可能使用这种涂层。故选C项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Ordinarily,thepomaceissimplydumpedinalandfill,burned,oratbestcomposted.Itmayalsobeusedinanimalfeed,althoughitdoesn’thavemuchnutritionalvalue.(通常情况下，番茄渣被简单地倾倒在垃圾填埋场，燃烧，或者最好用于堆肥。它也可以用于动物饲料，尽管它没有太多的营养价值)”可知，番茄渣的处理方式包括：当作垃圾被填埋、燃烧、制作堆肥、制成动物饲料。由此可知，人们通常以多种方式处理它。故选D项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thescientistsstartedbydryingtomatopomace—firstinthesunforthreedays,thenina60℃ovenfor16hours—afterwhichtheygroundeditintoapowder.Thatpowderwassubsequentlymixedwithasodiumhydroxidesolution(溶液),whichwasthenheatedat100℃forfourhours.Afterrepeatedlyfilteringthatsolutiontoremovethesodiumhydroxide,theresearcherswereleftalipid.Thatlipidwasthenmixedintoanethylalcoholsolutionwhichwassprayedontosamplesofsomemetal.Oncethesprayhaddriedandthesampleshadbeenheatedina200℃ovenfor10to60minutes,theresultwasapolymerizedlacquercoatingwhichprovedtobeveryeffectiveatprotectingthemetal.(科学家们首先将番茄渣晒干——首先在阳光下晒三天，然后在60℃的烤箱里烘烤16个小时——然后将其磨成粉末。随后将粉末与氢氧化钠溶液混合，然后在100℃下加热4小时。在反复过滤该溶液以去除氢氧化钠后，研究人员得到了一种脂质。然后将脂质混合到乙醇溶液中，再将乙醇溶液喷洒到一些金属样品上。一旦喷雾干燥，样品在20℃的烤箱中加热10到60分钟，成果是聚合漆涂层，被证明对保护金属非常有效)”可知，本段具体介绍了科学家们处理番茄渣，将其制成新涂层材料的操作步骤。故选A项。【35题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Scientistsarethusdevelopingamoreharmlessalternative,andit’smadefromtomatowastewhichwouldotherwisebegotridof.(因此，科学家们正在开发一种更无害的替代品，它是由番茄渣制成的，否则这些废弃物就会被处理掉)”可知，文章主要围绕科学家们使用番茄渣制成的一种新型涂层展开，介绍了传统的含有双酚A的涂层会引发健康问题的背景情况，番茄渣这种材料的传统处理方式，并描述了这种新型涂层的制作步骤和效果，以及进一步的研究方向。由此可知，文章的目的是介绍一种新涂层材料。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Cultivatinggratituderequireseffortandacommitmenttochange.Thefollowingexercisescanhelpyoutakeonagratefuloutlook.Practicemindfulness____36____.Tapintoyoursensesandletyourmindlinger(逗留)onpleasant,everydaysensations.Focusonthetasteofaripestrawberry,forexample,thefeelingofthesunonyourskin,orthegentlesoundofbackgroundmusic.Thiscanhelpgroundyouinthepresent,pullingyouawayfromworrying.KeepagratitudejournalTherearemanywaystocreateagratitudejournal.First,decideifyouwanttokeepaphysicaljournalthatyouwriteinoradigitallistonyourphoneorcomputer.____37____.Youcanupdatethejournalonaweeklybasis,endingtheweekbyputtingdownthreeorfourmomentsthatyouappreciated.____38____Buildrelationshipsbywritingthank-youletterstopeopleinyourlife.Gointodetailabouttreasuredmemoriesfromyourrelationship.Writeaboutthepositiveeffectthey’vehadonyourlife.Whenyou’redone,youcanmailordeliverthelettersinperson.RevisitandreframepasteventsMostofuscanrecallpasteventsthatweregret.____39____.Althoughtheymayhaveledtodisappointment,shameorevenheartbreak,you’velikelyalsolearnedsomethingfromtheseexperiences.Whilethesegratitudeexercisescangiveyourmoodandoutlookawelcomeboost,itcantaketimeforthemtoimpactyourmentalhealthandoverallwell-being.Bepatientandcontinuepracticinggratitude.Turntheexercisesintolittlerituals.Intime,youmaynoticeyourstresslevelsdropandrelationshipsstrengthen.____40____.A.WritenotesofappreciationB.ListwhatdeservesappreciationC.AlittlegratitudecandoharmtoyourmoodD.Then,you’llhaveevenmorereasonstobegratefulE.Then,considerhowoftenyou’llupdatethejournalF.ItcouldbeanythingfromafailuretoangerataclosefriendG.Enjoyinglittlemomentsinyourlifecanbeawaytocultivategratitude【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了培养感恩之心的几种方法。【答案】36.G37.E38.A39.F40.D【36题详解】根据下文“Tapintoyoursensesandletyourmind