阅读理解4议论文-2022年中考英语真题汇编（全国通用）

专题16阅读理解

考点4议论文

（―）

（2022・湖北十堰・中考真题）

阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项。

Thereisnodoubtthattechnologyhashadabiginfluenceonourlives.Peoplefrom

allaroundtheworldcannowtalktoeachotheralmostatonceonmobilephonesandthe

Internet.Peoplecaneasilysolvetheirproblemswiththehelpofcomputersandtheworld

wideweb.Withthistechnology,itseemsthattheworldismoreconnectednowthanever

before.Evenso,therehavebeenworriesabouttechnologymakingpeoplefeellonelyand

disconnectedfromothersaroundthem.

Sodoesthismeanthattechnologymakesuslonely?

Inmyopinion,itishardtosayYesorNo.

Ifstruethathumansneedcommunicationwitheachother.Ifwcdependon

technologytoomuchtocommunicate,thiscanbadlyimpactourmental（心理的）health.

Forme,technologyisatool.Andjustlikeanyotherkindoftool-likescissors,apencil

oraruler,forexample,itdependsonhowweuseit:inarightwayorinarightplace.

Takesocialmedia（社交媒体）asanexample.Ifyouonlyuseittocompareyourselfwith

others,youmightfeelsadandlonely.Butifyouuseitasatooltoconnectwithfriends

andfamilyortostartanewcommunitytotalkaboutyourhobbiesandinterests,the

lonelinesswillturnintoloveandfriendship.

Whenyoufeellonelyafterstaringatyourcomputerscreenallday,maybeyoucan

usethattechnologytoreachouttoareliable（可靠的）friendandinvitehimorheroutfor

lunchoracoffee.

1.Accordingtothewriter,technologyis.

A.atoolB.aninfluence

C.apairofscissorsD.awayofcommunication

2.What,sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“impact“inPaqugraph4?

A.帮助B.促进C.影响D.进入

3.Accordingtothepassage,ifpeopleusetechnologytoomuch,peoplemay.

A.sleeplessB.livelongerC.feellonelyD.getmorejobs

4.Whenweusetechnologytoothers,wecanfindloveandfriendship.

A.arguewithB.competewithC.connectwithD.comparewith

5.What,sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Socialmediaisimportanttous.B.Technologycanbegoodandbadtous.

C.Peopleneedtocommunicatewitheachother.D.ComputersandtheInternethelpus

withourwork.

【答案】LA2.C3.C4.C5.B

【解析】

【导语】本文介绍技术对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，在带来便利的同时，使人

们之间的交流变少了。作者呼吁我们可以多和朋友出去。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Forme,technologyisatool.”可知，对作者来说，技术是一种工

具。故选A。

【2题详解】

词句猜测题。分析“IfWedependontechnologytoomuchtocommunicate,thiscan

badlyimpactourmental（心理的）health.“可知，如果我们过于依赖技术来交流，这会

严重影响我们的心理健康。此处impact的意思是“影响”，故选C。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Evenso,therehavebeenworriesabouttechnologymakingpeople

feellonelyanddisconnectedfromothersaroundthem.“可知,有人担心科技会让人们

感到孤独，与周围的人失去联系。故选C。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Butifyouuseitasatooltoconnectwithfriendsandfamilyorto

startanewcommunitytotalkaboutyourhobbiesandinterests,thelonelinesswillturn

intoloveandfriendship.”可知，如果你把技术作为与朋友和家人联系的工具，或者

建立一个新的社区来谈论你的爱好和兴趣，孤独就会变成爱和友谊。故选C。

【5题详解】

主旨大意题。本文主要介绍技术对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，在为我们带来便

利的同时，也带来了问题。故选B。

（二）

（2022・河北・中考真题）

Nobodywantstolose,butwemustacceptthatlosingisapartoflife.Afterall,we

can,twinallthetime.However,wecanIeamsomethingvaluablefromeveryfailure（失

败）.Thismayhelpussucceedinthefuture.Sowemustknowhowtobeagoodloser.

Wemustnotbeafraidoflosing.WhenweIoseJusttakeitwithasmileandlookon

thebrightsideofit.Failurecan,tbeavoidedinourlife.Edisonfailed10,000timesbefore

heinventedthelightbulb（灯泡）.Whenhewasaskedhowhefelt,hesaidthathe

hadn,tfailed10,000timesbuthadlearned10,000thingswhichdidn,twork.Wemust

knowthathistoryisfullofexamplesofmenandwomenwhoachievedsuccessalthough

theyfailedmanytimes.

Losingisnotverydisgraceful.Wemustacceptourfailureandlearntotake

advantageofit.Rememberthatitcanbehelpful.Takeactiontowalkoutofit.WhenWe

lose,thinkaboutwhatwedidandhowwecanimprove.Ifsomeoneelsecanhelp,we,ll

beluckyenough.Maybeheorshehasbeenthroughthesameexperiencebefore.Many

peopleenjoyhelpingotherssolveproblems.Thiscansaveusalotoftimeinlearninghow

toavoidthesamemistakesinthefuture.

WeshouldfaceourfailurewhenWelose.Thereisonlyonewinnerinevery

competition.Somewin,whilesomelose.Thatisausualwayoflife.Ifweofferour

congratulations（祝贺）tothewinnersandshareintheirhappiness,wewon,tfeelsorry

forourfailure.

Inaword,beingagoodloserwillhelpustosucceedinlife.Itmightbepainfulatthe

beginning,buttherearemanyadvantages.Goodloserssetexamplestous,andmost

importantly,theyfinallywin.

6.WhatcanWelearnfromeveryfailureaccordingtothetext?

A.Awayoflife.B.Avaluablething.C.Ageneralrule.D.Asecretofsuccess.

7.Inthewriter,seyes,whydidEdisonachievesuccess?

A.Hegothelpfromothers.B.Hehappenedtomakeit.

C.Heavoidedpossiblemistakes.D.Hesawthebrightsideoflosing.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disgraceful“probablymean?

A.Bad.B.Personal.C.Dangerous.D.Interesting.

9.Whatdoesthewriteradvisetheloserstodoinacompetition?

A.Expresstheregrets.B.Forgetthefailure.

C.Shareinthewinners9enjoyment.D.Joininanothercompetition.

10.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.IdeasaboutHowtoAvoidMistakesB.ExperienceinDealingwithProblems

C.AdviceonHowtoBeaGoodLoserD.AdvantagesofbothSuccessandFailure

【答案】6.B7.D8.A9.C10.C

【解析】

【导语】本文主要讲述了失败对于我们的好处，以及如何应对失败。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据“However,wecanIeamsomethingvaluablefromeveryfailure（失

败）.”可知，然而，我们可以从每一次失败中学到一些有价值的东西。故选B。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Whenwelose,justtakeitwithasmileandlookonthebrightsideof

il∙''可知，当我们失败的时候，微笑着接受它，看到它光明的一面。爱迪生成功是

因为他看到了失败的光明的一面。故选D。

【8题详解】

词句猜测题。根据"Losingisnotverydisgraceful.Wemustacceptourfailureandlearn

totakeadvantageofit.”可知，失败不是很丢脸。我们必须接受失败，并学会利用

它。disgraceful与Bad意思相近。故选Ao

【9题详解】

细节理解题o根据“IfWeofferourcongratulations（祝贺）tothewinnersandsharein

theirhappiness,Wewon,tfeelsorryforourf⅛ilure.”可知，如果我们向获奖者表示祝贺

并分享他们的快乐，我们不会为我们的失败感到遗憾。故选C。

【10题详解】

最佳标题题。根据“Sowemustknowhowtobeagoodloser.”及全文可知，本文主要

讲述了失败对于我们的好处，以及如何应对失败。C选项“关于如何成为一个好失

败者的建议”符合题意。故选C。

（三）

（2022•山东泰安・中考真题）

Countingthehairsonyourheadwouldbeverydifficult.Manyhavetried,butmost

peoplegiveupafterlosingcountorgettingbored!However,scientistssaypeoplehave

morethan100,000hairsontheirheadsonaverage.Ofcourse,thisnumberisdifferent

frompersontoperson.Somepeoplehavemuchmorehairthanothers.

Whatcauseshairloss?Therearemanyreasons,suchasstress,illnessandstyling.It

alsorunsinfamilies.Besides,manypeoplesimplylosehairastheygrowolder.Toavoid

losinghair,youshouldwashyourhaircorrectlyandcondition（养护）yourhairtohelp

keepyourhairhealthy.It,salsoimportanttobegentlewhenbrushingorcombinghair.

Hairlossisnotthesameasdailyshedding（脱落）.Peopleloseanaverageof50to

100hairsaday.Ifsnormal.Ifyouarelosingmorehairthanaverage,talktotheadults

youtrust.Theycanhelpyoudecidewhethertoaskadoctorforhelp.

Whydohumanshavehairontheirheads?Mostothermammals（哺乳动物）have

thickfur（毛）coveringtheirwholebodies.Whilehumansgrowsmallandfine（^ll微

的）hairsonmuchoftheirskin,it,smuchthickeronthetopofthehead.Scientistssay

theanswerscomedowntoevolution.Humansprobablyevolvedwithoutfurbecausethey

havemoresweatglands（汗腺）thanothermammals.Humanswalkuprightontwolegs.

Therefore,thetopoftheirheadsneedsprotectionfromthesun.Thisiswhypeoplehave

morehairontheirheadsthanontherestoftheirbodies.Thehairalsohelpskeepheatin

coldweatherandkeepahealthybodytemperature.

11.HowmanyreasonsforhairlossarementionedinParagraph2?

A.3B.4C.5D.6

12.Youcantakethefollowingmeasures（措施）toavoidlosinghairexcept.

A.wearingahatallthetimeB.washingyourhaircorrectly

C.brushingorcombinghairgentlyD.conditioningyourhair

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"evolution“meaninthelastparagraph?

A.进化B.发育C.天生D.训练

14.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Ingeneral,it,seasierforyoungpeopletolosehairthanoldpeople.

B.Thehaironhumanheadshelpskeepheatincoldweather.

C.Ifyoulose50to100hairseveryday.youmustaskadoctorforhelp.

D.Allthemammalshavethickfurcoveringtheirwholebodiesbecausetheyhaveno

sweatglands.

【答案】ILC12.A13.A14.B

【解析】

【导语】本文主要分析了脱发的原因，应对的方法以及为什么人类的头顶会有头

发。

【11题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Therearemanyreasons,suchasstress,illnessandstyling.Italso

runsinfamilies.Besides,manypeoplesimplylosehairastheygrowOlder''可知，关于

脱发的原因提到了五点：压力，疾病，发型，家族遗传，还有随着年龄的增长而脱

发，故选C。

【12题详解】

细节理解题o根据“Toavoidlosinghair,youshouldwashyourhaircorrectlyand

condition（养护）yourhairtohelpkeepyourhairhealthy.It,salsoimportanttobe

gentlewhenbrushingorcombinghair”可知，为了避免脱发，你应该正确地洗头并护

理头发，梳头时要温和，故选A。

【13题详解】

词义猜测题。根据"Humansprobablyevolvedwithoutfurbecausetheyhavemoresweat

glands（汗腺）thanothermammals.Humanswalkuprightontwolegs.Therefore,the

topoftheirheadsneedsprotectionfromtheSUn”可知，人类在进化过程中没有皮毛，

人类用两条腿直立行走。因此，他们的头顶需要长出一些毛发来防晒，所以人类

头顶有毛发是跟进化有关，故evolution表示“进化“，故选A。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据"Thehairalsohelpskeepheatincoldweatherandkeepahealthy

bodytemperature”可知，头发还有助于在寒冷的天气里保暖，保持健康的体温，故

选B。

（四）

（2022•浙江湖州•中考真题）

φTherearelotsofthingsthatcausestress（压力）inourlives,suchasschool

problems,argumentswithfriendsandsometimesbadfeelingsaboutourselves.Weall

experiencestressattimes,butit,simportanttomanageitproperlyandreduce（减少）its

influence.Herearesomehelpfultipsfordealingwithstress.

©Sometimeswefeelstressedwithoutunderstandingthereason.Sowheneveryou,re

stressed,youshouldstopandthink.Whatisreallyhappening?Howcanyouimprovethe

situation?Trykeepingadiaryaboutyourproblemsandthepossiblecauses.

（3）DoyoualwayswaituntilSundayeveningtodohomework?Thisbadhabitcan

causeulast-minute,,stress,aswellaspoorgrades.Toavoidthat,timemanagementis

greatlyneeded.Planyourstudiesandotheractivitieswithacalendar.Youcanalsodivide

bigprojectsintosmallertasks.Inthisway,you,11alwaysknowhowmuchtimeyoureally

have.

©Besides,healthyhabitsareveryimportantforreducingstress.Besuretoeat

healthymealsandgetatleasteighthoursofsleep.Avoidcheckingyourmobilephoneor

usingthecomputerbeforebedtime.Itwillkeepyouawake!

⑤Whenyou,refeelingstressed,it,shelpfultospeaktosomeonewhounderstands

yoursituation,suchasyourfriendsandfamilies.Sometimesit,senoughtotalkabout

yourproblemsandshareyourfeelings.Othertimes,however,youmightneedadviceor

suggestions.Don,tkeepyourworriestoyourself.

©Finally,relaxationisimportant,Findsomefreetimeforactivitiesthatyouenjoy,

suchassports,hobbiesandmeetingwithfriends.Forexample,seeingafilmorhanging

outafter5days,studycouldbeagoodchoice.Ifyoufindsometimetorelaxandenjoy

yourself,you,llfeelrefreshed,havemoreenergy,andreduceyourlevelofstress.

15.WhatadvicedoesthewritergivetoreducestressinParagraph3?

A.Stopandthink.B.Manageyourtime.C.Watchyourhealth.D.Reachoutforhelp.

16.HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph6?

A.Bytellingstories.B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Byaskingquestions.D.Bygiving

examples.

17.Whichofthefollowingisthestructureofthepassage?

®①②③④⑤①②③④⑤

A.IIIIɪB.IlIIlC.1»—I~~1D.

@@@©©©⑥

【答案】I5.B16.D17.A

【解析】

【导语】本文主要介绍了一些处理压力的有用的技巧。

【15题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Toavoidthat,timemanagementisgreatlyneeded.“可知，本段给出

的建议是要进行时间管理，故选B。

【16题详解】

细节理解题。根据“suchassports,hobbiesandmeetingwithfriends.Forexample...''可

知，本段是通过举例子来说明，故选D。

【17题详解】

篇章结构题。根据整个文章的理解可知，本文第一段总体指出有一些处理压力的有

用的技巧，第二至六段分别从不同的方面介绍缓解压力的方式，故选A。

（五）

（2022•浙江宁波•中考真题）

Recently,manypeoplethinkit,sriskytousecredit（信用）cardnumbersonline.

However,fromtimetotime,weallusepasswordsandIDnumbersontheInternet.We

thinkwearesafe,butthatmaynotbetrue!Anewkindofattack（攻击）isbeingusedby

dishonestpeopletostealIDsandcreditcardnumbersfromwebsurfers.Thisnewkindof

attackiscalled"phishing”.

Phishingsoundsthesameastheword“fishing”,anditmeansthatathiefistryingto

trickpeopleintogivingawayvaluableinformation.Likerealfishermen,phishersusebait

（诱饵）intheformofgreatonlinedealsorservices.Forexample,phishersmightusefalse

emailsandwebsitestotrickpeopleintorevealing（透露）creditcardnumbers,account

usernames,andpasswords.Theyimitate（模仿）well-knownbanks,onlinesellers,and

creditcardcompanies.Successfulphishersmaymakeasmanyas5%ofthepeople

believeandgiveawaytheirpersonalinformation.

Ifsreallyabigproblem!Actually,tricking5%oftheonlinepopulationishuge.Now

morethan4.6billionpeoplehaveaccess（进入权）totheInternet,and75%ofthose

InternetusersliveinthewealthiestcountriesonEarth.Ithasbeenreportedthatphishers

sendmorethan40billionfalsemessageseachyear.Evenbytrickingonly5%ofthe

people,phisherscanmakealotofmoney.

Amy,18,fromCalifornia,receivedanemail.AmantoldAmythatshecouldgeta

milliondollarsinheraccountasarewardifshesentathousanddollarstohim.Amydid

asthemansaidatonce.The"thiefusedAmy,sSocialSecuritynumbertogetcredit

cardsinhernameandtransferredhermoney.

Howcanpeopleavoidbeingcheatedonline?Aboveall,theyhavetolearnto

recognizetheemailthathasbeensentbyaphisher.Alwaysbecarefulwithanyemail

withurgent（紧急的）requestsforpersonalinformation.Phisherstypicallywriteupsetting

orexciting,butfalse,statementsintheiremailssothatpeoplewillreplyrightaway.

Nevergiveoutpersonalinformationtophishers.Andifanoffersoundstoogoodtobe

true,itis.

18.Phishingiscomparedtoaccordingtothepassage.

A.makingmoneyB.playinggamesC.catchingfishD.writingemails

19.WhichwritingskillisusedinPara.3?

A.Givingexamples.B.Listingnumbers.C.Raisingquestions.D.Usingsayings.

20.Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword“transfer”

inPara.4?

transferv.（transferred,transferring）

φtomovefromoneplace,school,jobetctoanother

（2）toconnectthecallofsomeonetosomeoneelse,s

（3）tomovemoneyfromoneaccounttoanother

@tochangefromonebus,planeetctoanother

A.①B.②C.③D.④

21.Besidesintroducingwhatphishingis,thewriteralsotellsushowto.

A.helptocatchphishersB.replytourgentemails

C.paybycreditcardD.protectourselvesonline

【答案】18.C19.B20.C21.D

【解析】

【导语】本文主要讲述了网络欺骗以及如何避免在网上被欺骗。

【18题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Likerealfishermen,phishersusebaitintheformofgreatonline

dealsorservices."可知，就像真正的渔夫一样，网络钓鱼者以在线交易或服务的形

式使用诱饵；将“Phishing”比作“catchingfish”。故选C。

【19题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，通过列举数字说明网络被骗者很多。故选B。

【20题详解】

词句猜测题。根据"Theςthief,usedAmy,sSocialSecuritynumbertogetcreditcardsin

hernameandtransferredhermoney.”可知，这名"小偷'’使用艾米的社会安全号码获得

了以她名字命名的信用卡，并转移了她的钱，因此“transfer”意为“tomovemoney

fromoneaccounttoanother,,o故选Co

[21题详解】

推理判断题。根据“HowcanpeopleavoidbeingcheatedOnIinc?”可知，最后一段作者

还告诉我们如何避免在网上被欺骗。故选D。

（六）

（2022•安徽・中考真题）

TheSearch-fbr-Lost-Birdslisthascometopublicattentionrecently.Itliststenkinds

ofbirdsthathavenotbeenseeninthewildforatleastfifteenyears.Thelistiscallingon

peopletosearchfortherarest（最珍稀的）birdsonEarth.

Therecouldbeseveralreasonsforthelongdisappearancesoftheb