2021年高考英语备考“七选五”解题技巧完整版

2021年高考英语备考任务(rènwu)型阅读

——“七选五”解题技巧ByFengHui'e

Oct.9th.2020第一页，共五十页。Teachingaims:(教学(jiāoxué)目标)●了解(liǎojiě)“七选五”的题型特点、掌握解这类题的解题技巧。●利用“七选五”的题型特点及解题技巧解题。

第二页，共五十页。题型解读(jiědú)

七选五是在一篇约300词(原文250词左右;选项50词左右)的短文中留出5个空白,要求考生(kǎoshēng)从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项,使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生(kǎoshēng)对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断:该题体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维进行思考的能力”。备用选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体或段落内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和逻辑性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置,例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构,逻辑性句子与上文脱节等。第三页，共五十页。Gap-filling失分的原因(yuányīn)基础原因：单词、短语等词汇量小生词(shēngcí)多，翻译不来看不懂句式结构非基础原因：题型内容较新，了解不足时间安排不恰当没有好的做题习惯没有掌握技巧或技巧使用不够灵活第四页，共五十页。Gap-filling答题指导(zhǐdǎo)第五页，共五十页。根据试题所设空的位置(wèizhi)确定不同的解题策略1)如果空格在段首

通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找词性一致（如动词）的同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。

2）如果空格在段中

这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案。3)如果空格在段尾

通常是结论、概括性语句。注意(zhùyì)在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词或语句。

第六页，共五十页。短小精悍（多为名词性短语、祈使句）Keywords动词(dòngcí)名词(míngcí)代词(dàicí)时间标志词序数词连词副词also标题：大写，较短，结合全文段首：统领文段段尾：总结；承上启下Structures段中：承上或启下；承上启下小/副标题第七页，共五十页。第八页，共五十页。◆速读全文，关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题◆浏览选项，理解全篇逻辑关系,找出关键词◆运用上下文所重复的关键词推断

◆利用(lìyòng)同义词和近义词关系◆利用词的上下义关系◆利用反义词、过渡词关系

◆理清结构，确定答案，最后再来翻译验证一遍七选五阅读(yuèdú)理解题的解题技巧:第九页，共五十页。篇章结构(jiégòu)类型第十页，共五十页。1)抓牢主题(zhǔtí)句和标题（副/小标题）

英语说明文行文很注重逻辑性和层次性，所以基本上每段都会有主题(zhǔtí)句或者小标题，抓牢此二者对把握文章主题和逻辑很有帮助。第十一页，共五十页。主旨概括句（文章(wénzhāng)整体内容）

1.标题型——短小精悍（多为名词性短语(duǎnyǔ)、祈使句）2.首句型1)首段首句2)中间段首句3)末段首句文章主题，首尾呼应靠上下文承接(chéngjiē)做题总结下文——本段主题文章主题，首尾呼应第十二页，共五十页。PartIIPassage1

_______

UniversitiesinBritainareamagnetforoverseasstudents.Therearecurrentlyover200000fromoutsideBritainstudyingatBritishuniversities.ThelargestsinglegroupisChinesestudents.Therearecurrently50000intheUK.UniversitiesintheUKItisverysimpletobecomeaninternationalstudentintheUKScholarshipsinUniversities

标题(biāotí)第十三页，共五十页。PartIIPassage2

_______Whenapersondoesacertainthingagain,heisimpelled(迫使(pòshǐ))bysomeunseenforcetodothesamethingrepeatedly;thusahabitisformed.Onceahabitisformed,itisdifficult,andsometimesimpossible,togetridof.Itisveryimportantforustoknowwhyweshouldgetusedtogoodhabits.Habits,whethergoodorbad,aregraduallyformed.Whethergoodornothabitsare,theyareeasytogetridof.

段首第十四页，共五十页。PartIIPassage4

Notallpastpredictionshavebeenprovedwrong.______.Somegreatthinkerspredictedthearrivalofthecreditcard,thefaxmachineandeventheinternetyearsbeforetheyhappened.Predictionsofthefuturearereallyshocking.Afewofthemhavebeensurprisinglyaccurate.C.Ithasn’tappearyet.

段中第十五页，共五十页。PartIIPassage3

NowadaysinChina,parentscareabouttheirchildren’seducationmorethananythingelse.Theyspendalotcoaching(训练(xùnliàn))theirchildrenintheirstudies.Someevenhireteachersfortheirchildren.Manyhavetheirchildrensenttoafter-classschools.____.Itseemsasifabettereducationisallthatparentsexpectfortheirchildren.Skillsandknowledgemeanscompetition.Skillsandknowledgedoesn’tmeanall.

段尾第十六页，共五十页。PartIIPassage6

Learninganotherlanguageisn’teasy,……_____

Languagelearningiscumulative(积累(jīlěi)):youcannotputitoffuntilweekend.Distributeyourstudytime

Studyadifferenttaskeachtime:vocabularynow,grammarnext.etc.A.Studyeveryday.B.Ifyou’reaskedtolisten,practicelistening.C.Soyou’llatleasthavelookedatitall.

小标题第十七页，共五十页。细节(xìjié)题类型第十八页，共五十页。

2)词汇复现法复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同(bùtónɡ)的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现的形式主要是指同词（同源词）复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现等。你可以在选项中找到同一词汇或者与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到做题时快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。双保险：通过翻译上下文再核实一下

第十九页，共五十页。PartIPassage2

______Theimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.

Alwaysloveyourself.Self-imageisyourownmind’spictureofyourself.Don’tallowdoubtstooccurinit.self-imagesSelf-imageimage第二十页，共五十页。Surroundyourselfwithhappypeople.Itiseasytobegintothinknegativelywhenyouaresurroundedbypeoplewhothinkthatway.________A.Therearesometipsinlifethatleadtohappiness.B.Beingoverweightornoteatingnutritiousfoodscanhaveanegativeeffectonyourmood.C.Onthecontrary,ifyouarearoundpeoplewhoarehappy,theiremotionalstatewillbeinfectious.arearoundSurround第二十一页，共五十页。Ex2….halfofshoppersrefusedtoqueueformorethanfiveminutesinahighstreetshop.TheInternet,whichallowsshopperstobuymoregoods,withjustaclickofthemouse,isoneofthereasonswhypeople’spatienceappearstobethin._________A.Itwastypicalinthepast.B.Butitwouldseemwearenolongerpreparedtowaitinline.C.MorepeopleprefertoclickthemouseforshoppingathomeD.Asaresult,foodanddrinksellersarehavingtofindnewwaystodelivergoodcustomerservice.第二十二页，共五十页。Ex3…Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingoverseasmayincludeday-to-dayopportunitiestolearnanewculture,meetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andchancestoseedifferentpartsoftheworld.______Thosedisadvantagesincludeexpense,timeawayfromone’sschool,family,…Thefollowingareitsadvantages.However,theremaybeanumberofdisadvantages.Consideradistanceeducation.Mostofusareadaptedtostudyingatschool.第二十三页，共五十页。

警惕“复现陷阱”！！！值得注意的是，我们说有的题利用词语复现解题十分管用，但这并不意味着，凡与上句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已，是否(shìfǒu)为正确答案，还得将含复现词的选项代入原文，看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接，只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。如：第二十四页，共五十页。______Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.(2015课标卷I38)A.Learntoreallytrustyourself. B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone. C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.

不能因为(yīnwèi)confidence的复现错选B也不能因yourself的复现(fùxiàn)而错选Chaveconfidentinyourself=trustyourself同义(tónɡyì)复现第二十五页，共五十页。解析：要求选段落主题句。不要因为(yīnwèi)选项B与空后句中都有confidence，原词复现就选B。

也不要(bùyào)因为选项C中与空后句中都有yourself，原词复现就选C。

选项A中的trustyourself与空格后的Havingconfidenceinyourself(信任你自己)是同义复现，所以该选项是重点考虑对象；将选项A代入原文，上下句意为“学会真正地信任你自己。信任你自己有助于做出更好的选项……”语义衔接(xiánjiē)紧密，故选A。第二十六页，共五十页。PartIIPassage4

Notallpastpredictionshavebeenprovedwrong.______.Somegreatthinkerspredictedthearrivalofthecreditcard,thefaxmachineandeventheinternetyearsbeforetheyhappened.Predictionsofthefuturearereallyshocking.Afewofthemhavebeensurprisinglyaccurate.C.Ithasn’tappearyet.

段中第二十七页，共五十页。3)代词线索法

英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙(qiǎomiào)利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

第二十八页，共五十页。

_____Improvedthinkingabilitieswillhelpthemtounderstandmorebothinacademicsenseandinasanindividual.Thinkingisaskill.Creativethinkingtechniquescandevelopchildren’smind.Thinkingisatool,anditissomethingthatcanbesharpened.themChildren's第二十九页，共五十页。

_________Theygivemorebackgroundanddetails.Theyalsoletyoureadpartsthatareimportanttoyouandskiptherest.BothtelevisionandtheInternethavemanydisadvantages.Otherhigh-techtimesavershavesimilardisadvantages.Newspapersandmagazineshavesomeimportantadvantages.TheyNewspapersandmagazinesread第三十页，共五十页。Ex4._________Itisaveryhappydayformanyboysandgirls.Beforethetermsendsinsomeschools,thechildrenactanativity（基督诞生(dànshēng)）or“birth”play,showinghowJesuswasborninastable(马厩）。A.PeopleareoftenbusygoingshoppingB.NowtheChinesepeoplealsocelebrateChristmas.C.Theturkeyorchickenisquicklyeaten.D.ChristmasDayfallsonthetwenty—fiftyofDecember.第三十一页，共五十页。Ex5…Thathappensinthe1980s.And,mostrecently,shesaysmanykindsofpeoplehavejoinedthemovement.________Theyrepresentmanyraces,regionsandpoliticalbeliefs.TheyaremainlyrichpeopleParentschoosehome—schoolingforseveralreasons.Mostoften,theirparentsaretheirteachers.Shesaystheseincluderichpeopleandpoorpeople.第三十二页，共五十页。(2017全国(quánɡuó)Ⅱ卷)Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.40.Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thatwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed.解析：选项G中的两个it和空前的it都是指代(zhǐdài)的thedoor，带入原文后意义衔接。故选G。C.SetboundariesforyourselfasfarasyourtimegoesG.Leaveitopenwhenyou’reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou’renot第三十三页，共五十页。

4)数字线索法

包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio,rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个(yīɡè)观点。

第三十四页，共五十页。℃Ex.6AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoarea.___1____Thetemperaturescanfallto–60℃，whichis60℃belowfreezing.Inthecapital,Ottawa,theaverageofwintertemperatureis--10℃,andinsummer21℃.___2____TheaverageJanuarytemperatureis3℃,andinJulyitis18℃CanadaisfamousforthekindofpaperwhichisusedfornewspapersCanadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.ThewestcoastofCanadaisthewarmestplaceinwinterIntheNorth,thewintersarelongandhardwithsnowforsixmonths.FortwocenturiesEnglishandFrenchsettlersstruggledagainsteachother.第三十五页，共五十页。

Sixtyyearsago,peopleaskedaboutyourastrologicalsign.________Thesedays,havingawebaddressisalmostasimportantasastreetaddress.Startsimply.Nowadays,theywanttoknowyourwebsite.AtthetopofthepageisabannerGraphic.SixtyyearsagoNowadays第三十六页，共五十页。

(a)并列(bìngliè)与递进关系：and,or,also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise,orelse,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,needlesstosay,aswellas,thesame…as,both…and…,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inadditionto,what'smore,what'sworse,tomakethingsworse,worsestill等。

5)逻辑关系线索(xiànsuǒ)法第三十七页，共五十页。(b)因果关系：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,consequently,thatmeans,accordingly,asaconsequence/result,dueto,thanksto,owingto,becauseof,in/nowthat,forthisreason,ofcourse等。

第三十八页，共五十页。

(c)转折让步(ràngbù)关系：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,inotherwords,while,instead,whereas,

unfortunately/unluckily,unlike,ratherthan,insteadof,itistruethat,ofcourse,although,though,eventhough/if,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof,regardlessof等。

第三十九页，共五十页。

(d)时间关系(guānxì)：firstofall,atfirst,first,firstly,inthefirstplace,tostart/beginwith,atthebeginning,inthemeantime/meanwhile,atthesametime,later,afterwards,then,next,second,secondly,third,thirdly,last,atlast,finally,eventually,intheend,

以及一些具体的时间。

第四十页，共五十页。Ex.7…_________Somechooseitbecauseoftheirreligiousbeliefs.Otherssayitprovidesmoretimeforthefamilytobetogether.Theysayhomeoffersabetterplaceforlearning.Someparents….A.Soanumberofparentsbeganhome-schoolingB.Home–schoolingisnotacceptedbyallthepeopleC.Parentschoosehome–schoolingforseveralreasonsD.Mostoften,theirparentsaretheirteachers第四十一页，共五十页。Ex.8…ThiscouldbewatchingTVorlisteningtomusic.Doingsomeexercisesearlierinthedayshouldhelpyoufeelphysicallyaswellasmentallytired._______However,coffeeorteashouldbeavoidedastheycontaincaffeineandwillkeepyouawake….A.So,what’sagoodsleep?B.Abedtimedrinkcanalsohelp.C.Havingagoodsleepwillkeepyoulivelythewholeday.第四十二页，共五十页。PartIPassage6

Psychologiststhinktheremaybemanyreasonswhyviolentgamesaremoreharmfultochildrenthanviolentmovies.Firstly,playersareactivelyinvolvedinviolence,andmaybegintouseweaponsassecondnature._________A.Childrenaremostlikelytobecomeaddictedtoviolentvideogames.B.Atleast12murderssince1997havebeenlinkedtoanaddictionwithviolentvideogames.C.Secondly,violentgamesproviderepetitiveaggressiveexperiencesthatarerewardedbymorekilling.

FirstlySecondly第四十三页，共五十页。GoodJ