人教版英语选修8课时分层作业Unit1SectionⅠ

课时分层作业(一)SectionⅠ(建议用时：35分钟)[高考题型练习提能力]Ⅰ.阅读理解ACaliforniaisfamousnotonlyforitsbeautifulscenerybutalsoforitsgreatuniversities.Itsstateuniversitysystemisthelargestinthecountry.Californiahasmanyworld­classpublicandprivateuniversities.ThefollowinguniversitiesarethebestinCaliforniabasedontheWallStreetJournalUSCollegeRankings2018.StanfordStanfordUniversity，orLelandStanfordJuniorUniversity(itsfullname)，isaprivateresearchuniversityfoundedin1891bytherailroadtycoon(铁路大亨)LelandStanfordandhiswifeJaneStanford.TheuniversitysitsattheheartofSiliconValley.Theuniversity'sroleincreatingtheUStechnologyindustryhasledtoitsnameasoneofthegreatesthighereducationinstitutionsintheworld.Stanfordisplacedamongthetopuniversitiesintheworld.CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(Caltech)Caltechisoneoftheworld'sleadingscienceandengineeringhighereducationinstitutions.Theprivateresearchandteachinguniversitywasfoundedin1891inPasadenajustnortheastofLosAngeles.Caltechhashadastrongfocusonsciencesincetheearly1900sandhasturnedoutmanygreatscientificminds.72ofitsteachersandgraduateshavewontheNobelPrize(byOctober2018)．Caltechisalsofamousforthequalityofitsteaching.ItisrankedfirstintheUSAforthenumberofgraduateswhogoesontostudyaPhD.UniversityTheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaisaprivateresearchuniversityinLosAngeles.Itwasfoundedin1880andisoneoftheoldestprivateuniversitiesinCalifornia.Theuniversity'sofficialmascotisTraveler，awhiteAndalusianhorse.Itfirstappearedatafootballgamein1961andwasknownasTravelerI．ThecurrenthorseisnowknownasTravelerⅦ.【语篇解读】美国加利福尼亚州不仅有优美的风景，而且有很多世界一流的大学。加利福尼亚州的大学体系是全美最庞大的。本文介绍了在《华尔街日报》2018年美国大学排名中靠前的三所位于加利福尼亚州的大学。1．Whatisthesimilaritybetweentheuniversitiesabove?A．Theyareallprivateuniversities.B．TheyarealllocatedinSiliconValley.C．Theywereallfoundedinthelate1880s.D．Theyareallleadersinscienceandengineering.A[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话中．..isaprivateresearchuniversity...，第四段第二句话中Theprivateresearchandteachinguniversity...和第六段第一句话中．..isaprivateresearchuniversity...可知StanfordUniversity，Caltech和UniversityofSouthernCalifornia都是私立大学，故A项正确。]2．Fromthetext，weknowthat．A．72studentsfromCaltechhavewontheNobelPrizeB．theofficialmascotofStanfordUniversityisTravelerⅦC．UniversityofD．CaltechhasthehighestnumberofgraduatesgoingontostudyaPhDD[细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句话中ItisrankedfirstintheUSAforthenumberofgraduateswhogoesontostudyaPhD.可知加州理工学院的学生中想要继续攻读博士学位的研究生数量是全美最多的，故D项正确；由第五段72ofitsteachersandgraduates...可知加利福尼亚理工学院共有72名师生获得诺贝尔奖，并非单指学生，故A错；由第七段第一句话可知南加州大学的吉祥物为Traveler，故B错；由第二段可知斯坦福大学的创办者为铁路大亨，故C错。]3．Inthetext，theauthorstatesthat．A．theuniversitysysteminCaliforniaissmallB．StanfordC．Travelerfirstappearedatabasketballgamein1961D．CaltechistheoldestofthethreeB[推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话中StanfordUniversity，orLelandStanfordJuniorUniversity(itsfullname)．..可知斯坦福大学的全称是小利兰·斯坦福大学；同时根据这句话中．..foundedin1891by...LelandStanfordandhiswifeJaneStanford.可推断斯坦福大学是以创始人斯坦福夫妇的名字命名的，故B项正确。]B“Americaisanationofnations，madeupofpeoplefromeveryland，ofeveryraceandpracticingeveryfaith.Ourdiversityisnotasourceofweakness；itisasourceofstrength；itisasourceofoursuccess，”saidColinPowell，thefirstblackU．S.SecretaryofState.ThepeopleoftheUnitedStatesrepresentadisplayofethnic(种族的)，culturalandreligiousbackgrounds，partlyduetothesuccessivewavesofimmigrantsfromaroundtheworld.AndtheyhavemadegreatcontributionstothediversecultureoftheUnitedStates，whichisthereasonwhytheUnitedStatesisoftenreferredtoasa“meltingpot”．TheUnitedStateshasweledmoreimmigrantsthananyothercountry—morethan50millioninall，andtodaywelesalmost700，000personsayear.Americanshavenecessarilyplacedgreatvalueondiversity；ethnicgroupshaverenewedandcelebratedtheirheritages(传统)；thechildrenofimmigrantsoftengrowuplearningthelanguages，traditionsandculturesofboththeirAmericanandforeignheritages.Thediversitydevelopsactivelyinareassuchasfaith，holiday，foodandsportsinAmericaalongwiththeincreasingofimmigrants，andfurtherenrichesoursocietyandculture.Butbeforethisdiversityofculturesfoundahome，thequestioncertainlymighthavebeenasked，“Cananationmadeupofsuchvariousbackgroundsevenhopetosucceed？”AstheAmericanexampleshows，theanswerisapletely“yes”．TheAmericanexperienceowesitssuccesstomanyfactors(因素)．Amongthemis，ofcourse，thevisionofthenation'sfoundingfathersinestablishingagovernmentof，byandforthepeople.Theyprovidedaconstitution(宪法)thatguaranteedcertainfreedomslikefreedomofspeechandfreedomofreligion.America'sfoundersestablishedasocietythatwouldhugdiversityandcelebratethedifferencesthatvariouscultureswouldbringtotheUnitedStates.However，asdifferentasthemanycultures，religionsandethnicbackgroundsare，therearevaluesthatallshare，suchaseducation，familyandcharity.AndthosesharedvalueswhichhavecontributedsomuchtothestrengthwithinAmerica，alsoinformoureffortsinreachingoutandfindingmongroundwithculturesfromothershores.【语篇解读】随着越来越多的人移民美国，美国的多样性也在不断丰富，并因此被称为“大熔炉”。4．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthefirstparagraph?A．Toshowusthesayingisveryfamous.B．Toexplaintheimportanceofthediversity.C．TointroducethetopicofthediversityintheU．S.D．TodescribehowthediversityintheU．S.shapes.C[写作意图题。本文第一段引用美国第一位黑人国务卿ColinPowell的话引出“美国的多样性”这个主题。]5．Accordingtothepassage，childrenofaChinese­AmericanfamilyintheU．S.mayspeak．A．onlyChinese B．onlyEnglishC．bothChineseandEnglish D．onlyFrenchC[推理判断题。根据第二段中的thechildrenofimmigrantsoftengrowuplearningthelanguages，traditionsandculturesofboththeirAmericanandforeignheritages可推断出美籍华人的子女既会说中文也会说英语。]6．WhatmightbeAmerica'sfounders'attitudetowardsculturaldifferencesintheU．S.?A．Supportive. B．Negative.C．Disappointed. D．Unknown.A[推理判断题。根据第五段的America'sfoundersestablishedasocietythatwouldhugdiversityandcelebratethedifferencesthatvariouscultureswouldbringtotheUnitedStates.可推断出美国的建立者们对美国的文化差异持支持态度。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五Haveyoueverimaginedthebenefitsthatagoodmemorycanbringtoyou？1Herearefourwaystoimproveyourmemory.2Thereisevidencethatsleepplaysavitalroleintheconsolidation(巩固)ofmemoriesrelatingtolearningmotorskills，suchaslearningtoplayamusicalinstrumentorrideabike.Havingafullnight'ssleepsoonaftergaininganewskillhelpsconsolidatetheprocessesinvolved，sotheycanlaterbeperformedwell.It'srewardingtocontinueeducation.Olderpeopleareoftentoldtoadopta“useitorloseit”approachtomaintainingcognitive(认知的)function.3Ina2016study，USresearchersfoundparticipantsaged60—90whospent15hoursaweekforthreemonthslearningaplexskill，suchasdigitalphotography，Takingabreakcounts.4Morethanacenturyago，Germanscientistsshowedthatpeopleapparentlyperformedalmosttwiceaswellinmemorytestsiftheytookbreaks.It'susefultostaysocial.Havinganactivesociallifedelaysmemorylossasweage.USscientistswhoaskedpeopleintheir50sand60stodomemorytestseveryotheryearbetween2001and2007foundthedeclineinrecallabilitiesoftheirmostsociablesubjectstobehalfthatoftheleastwellconnected.5A．Sleepingwellhelpsstrengthenmemories.B．Oldpeopleshouldparticipateineasyactivities.C．Yoga，meditationorotherrelaxationtechniquesmayhelp.D．Memoriescanbedestroyedifthebraindoesn'thaveenoughreststosharpenthem.E．Infact，whenitestomemory，researchsuggeststhatonlycertaintypesofmentalactivitieshelp.F．Beingabletorememberimportantpiecesofinformationcangiveyouapowerfuladvantageinyourlife.G．Havinggoodfriends，volunteeringforcharitiesandotherformsofsocialengagementalsoprotectmemory.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了改善记忆的四种方法。1．F[从结构上看，第一段第一句“Haveyoueverimaginedthebenefitsthatagoodmemorycanbringtoyou？”应该和设空句构成自问自答的设问句，设空句应该围绕好记性的好处来承接；F项刚好包含了上句中关键词benefits的同义词advantage，以及上句中的短语bringtoyou的同义短语giveyou。故选F。]2．A[根据设空处后的句子“Thereisevidencethatsleepplaysavitalroleintheconsolidation(巩固)ofmemoriesrelatingtolearningmotorskills...”可知本段应该是谈良好的睡眠有助于加强记忆，故选A。]3．E[第三段主要在谈老年人的继续教育活动对其记忆的益处，继续教育是一种特定类型的脑力活动，故选E。]4．D[第四段主要谈休息对记忆的重要性。设空处前一句“Takingabreakcounts.”与其后一句中“...peopleapparentlyperformedalmosttwiceaswellinmemorytestsiftheytookbreaks.”共同含有关键词break(s)，而D项含有其同义词rests。故选D。]5．G[根据最后一段首句“It'susefultostaysocial.”可知本段是在谈保持良好的社交活动对记忆的好处，只有G项句意吻合，并与最后一段首句共同含有social一词。故选G。]Ⅲ.语法填空AmanfromPortlandhasbeethefirstpersontotravelacrossAntarcticabyhimselfwithoutreceivinganyassistance.ColinO'Bradypletedthe1，500­kilometertriponWednesday.He1.________(cross)thecontinentin54days.Friends，familyandotherpeoplefollowedhisprogressthroughmessagesand2.________(picture)hesharedonInstagram.33­year­oldO'Bradyrecordedthetrip，which3.________(call)“TheImpossibleFirst”byhimonInstagram.HewroteonWednesdaythathetraveled4.________last129kilometersinonebig，finalpushtothefinishline.Thedistancetookoveroneday5.________(plete)．O'Bradywrote，“Whilethelast32hoursweresomeofmemost6.________(challenge)ho