实用科技英语教程-The Internet

TheInternetLeadInCompletethefollowingsentencesaccordingtothetextandwritethewordsinthepuzzle.1. Usershavetoenterap__________togainaccesstoanetwork.2. Youcandownloadalotoff__________orpublicdomainprogramsfromthenet.3. Hundredsofh________breakintocomputersystemseveryyear.4. Acomputerv_________caninfectyourfilesandcorruptyourharddisk.5. Theprocessofencodingdatasothatunauthorizeduserscan’treadthedataisknownase___________.6. Af_________isadevicewhichallowslimitedaccesstoaninternalnetworkfromtheinternet.7. Youcanincludeana__________aspartofyoure-mailmessage.8. Thiscompanyusesd____________techniquestodecode(ordecipher)secretdata.Completethefollowingsentencesaccordingtothetextandwritethewordsinthepuzzle.1. Usershavetoenterap__________togainaccesstoanetwork.2. Youcandownloadalotoff__________orpublicdomainprogramsfromthenet.3. Hundredsofh________breakintocomputersystemseveryyear.4. Acomputerv_________caninfectyourfilesandcorruptyourharddisk.5. Theprocessofencodingdatasothatunauthorizeduserscan’treadthedataisknownase___________.6. Af_________isadevicewhichallowslimitedaccesstoaninternalnetworkfromtheinternet.7. Youcanincludeana__________aspartofyoure-mailmessage.8. Thiscompanyusesd____________techniquestodecode(ordecipher)secretdata.asswordreewareackersirusncryptionirewallttachmentecryptionAdvantages

（优点）anddisadvantages（缺点）oftheInternetGroupdiscussion.Formagroupof4to5anddiscussonthetopicAdvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheInternet.AdvantagesDisadvantages

fastercommunicationtheft（窃取）ofPersonalInformationabundant（大量的）informationresourcesspamming（垃圾邮件）andvirusesentertainment（娱乐）foreveryonesocialisolation（社会疏离）,obesity（肥胖）AdvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheInternetAdvantagesDisadvantages

fastercommunicationtheft（窃取）ofPersonalInformationabundant（大量的）informationresourcesspamming（垃圾邮件）andvirusesentertainment（娱乐）foreveryonesocialisolation（社会疏离）,obesity（肥胖）AdvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheInternetDevelopthepointsinfullsentences.Wecansendamessagetoanypartoftheworldinamatterofseconds.Wecangainaccesstoabundant/resourcefulinformationonline.TheInternetcanprovideuswithvariousformsofentertainment.Personalinformationcouldbeleaked（泄露）tothehackers.Spamming/Unwantedemailsmaycontainvirusesthatmaycorrupt/crashthesystem.UsingtheInternetforlongperiodsoftimecanisolatepeoplefromfamilyandfriends.Themoreonesitsinfrontofthecomputer,thefatteronemaybecome.WordPuzzleYTIRUCESWordPuzzleYTIRUCES

PASWORD

FREWARE

HAKERSVIRS

ENCYPTION

FREWALL

ATACHMENT

DECRPTIONWWW:WorldWideWeb万维网IP:InternetProtocol网络传输协定HTTP:HypertextTransmissionProtocol超文件传输协定BBS:BulletinBoardSystem（电子）公告牌系统E-Mail:Electronic-Mail电子邮件FTP:FileTransferProtocol文件传输协定AbbreviationsfortechnicaltermsincomputerFurtherDevelopment警告AWarningaboutWirelessInternetFillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.ListeningfirewallsecurityexpertscommunicationsindustrycomputerprogramsshortwayattackedprivateinformationvideocamerasInternetcommunicationssystemcomputerscreenattempt防火墙安全专家通信行业电脑程序捷径，缩写攻击个人信息摄像机网络通信系统电脑屏幕NEWWORDS&PHRASES企图[sɪˈkjʊrəti][əˈtæk]

[ˈpraɪvɪt][əˈtempt]

Listening

Thecommunicationsindustryiswarningcomputeruserstoguardagainstanewwaytostealprivateinformation.Theysaythiskindoftheftisincreasing.Thievesarelinkingtheircomputerswithothercomputersandstealinginformationthatcancosthonestcomputerusersagreatdealofmoney.Theyaredoingthisbyusingthemostmoderncomputercommunicationsmethod

--Wi-Fi.Wi-Fiisashortway

ofsayingwirelessfidelity.Wi-FipermitscomputeruserstolinkwiththeInternetcommunicationssystemwithoutusingwiresandatelephone.

通信行业提防，防范捷径允许Listening

Onemethodusedbythievestostealsuchinformationiscalledthe"eviltwin."Securityexpertssayanothermethodusedbythievesistogatherinformationbyreadingacomputerscreen.Thievesdothisinapublicplace.Theyhaveevenusedvideocamerastorecordtheinformationtheyaretryingtosteal.Expertssayitiseasytoguardagainstthiskindoftheft.Theysaytomakesurenoonecanreadyourcomputerscreenwhileyouareworkinginapublicplace.Othermethodsofprotectingyourinformationinvolvespecialcomputerprograms.Oneoftheseiscalledafirewall.Afirewallpreventsanyonefromelectronicallyenteringyourcomputertosearchforinformation.SomeprogramsmakeyourcomputerinvisibletoanyoneontheInternet.MostalsoblockanyattempttospyonyourInternetactivities.双面恶魔安全专家摄像机包括计算机程序不可见的企图堵塞OneexpertsaysmorethanhalfthecomputersintheUnitedStatesthatareusedforbusinesslackprotectionandcouldbeattacked.Informationtheftfromwi-ficonnectionsisaproblemforcomputeruserseverywhere.Mostexpertsagreethatcomputerusersshouldlearnhowtoprotecttheircomputersandinformationfromthosewhowouldspyorsteal.Industryexpertssayonlyeducationandgoodsecuritywillstopinformationtheft.攻击，袭击连接Writing1.陈述利弊的常见句型

1.1说明优点

Anadvantageof…isthat+句子（...的优点是...）

Ithasthefollowingadvantages.Itdoesusalotofgood.Itbenefitsusquitealot.Itisbeneficialtous.

1.2说明缺点

Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.Thedisadvantagesoutweighitsadvantages.Itdoesusmuchharm.Itisharmfultous.2.拓展句/支持句的写作方法

Example

Wecancommunicateinafractionofsecondwithapersonwhoissittingintheotherpartoftheworldbye-mail,andMSNtheinstantchattingprovider.Wealsocanchatforhourswithourlovedones.Thereareplentymessengerservicesinoffering.

3.列举法WritingComprehensiveProgressTextATheInternetPara1TheInternetisagiantnetworkofcomputerslocatedallovertheworldthatcommunicatewitheachother.TextATheInternetPara1互联网是由遍布世界各地互联互通的计算机组合而成的庞大网络。TextATheInternetPara2TheInternetisaninternationalcollectionofcomputernetworksthatallunderstandastandardsystemofaddressesandcommands,connectedtogetherthroughbackbonesystems.Itwasstartedin1969,whentheU.S.DepartmentofDefenseestablishedanationwidenetworktoconnectahandfulofuniversitiesandcontractors.Theoriginalideawastoincreasecomputingcapacitythatcouldbesharedbyusersinmanylocationsandtofindoutwhatitwouldtakeforcomputernetworkstosurviveanuclearwarorotherdisasterbyprovidingmultiplepathbetweenusers.PeopleontheARPNET(asthisnationwidenetworkwasoriginallycalled)quicklydiscoveredthattheycouldexchangemessagesandconductelectronic“conferences”withdistantcolleaguesforpurposesthathadnothingtodowiththemilitaryindustrialcomplex.Ifsomebodyelsehadsomethinginterestingstoredontheircomputer,itwasasimplemattertoobtainacopy(assumingtheownerdidnotprotectit).TextATheInternetPara2互联网是由连接在一起的电脑网络组合而成的国际网络，它们采用统一标准的通讯地址和通讯命令，与主干系统相连。互联网起源于1969年，当时美国国防部建立了一个全国性的网络来连接部分大学与承包商。最初的想法是要增加计算机容量，并可由多个位于不同地点的用户共享，通过提供用户间多条路径来找到在核战或其它灾难中能够幸存下来的计算机路径。人们很快发现，在ARPNET上（这个全国性的网络最初被称为ARPNET）可以交流信息并与远方的同事进行电子“会议”，这些用途与军事没有任何关系。如果有人在自己的计算机上存储了一些有趣的东西，那么拷贝一份是一件很简单的事情（假设所有者没有设置任何保护措施的话）。TextATheInternetPara3Overtheyears,additionalnetworksjoinedwhichaddedaccesstomoreandmorecomputers.Thefirstinternationalconnections,toNorwayandEngland,wereaddedin1973.TodaythousandsofnetworksandmillionsofcomputersareconnectedtotheInternet.Itisgrowingsoquicklythatnobodycansayexactlyhowmanyusers“OntheNet”.TextATheInternetPara3多年以来，越来越多的网络加入其中，接入网络的计算机也越来越多。1973年接入了英国和挪威的计算机，这是互联网的第一次国际连接。现如今，成千上万的网络和无数的计算机在互联网上相连。互联网增长速度如此之快，以至于没有人能确切地说出“在网上”究竟有多少用户。TextATheInternetPara4TheInternetisthelargestrepositoryofinformationwhichcanprovideverylargenetworkresources.Thenetworkresourcescanbedividedintonetworkfacilitiesresourcesandnetworkinformationresources.Thenetworkfacilitiesresourcesprovideustheabilityofremotecomputationandcommunication.Thenetworkinformationresourcesprovideusallkindsofinformationservices,suchasscience,education,business,history,law,art,andentertainment,etc.TextATheInternetPara4互联网是最大的信息库，能提供十分丰富的网络资源。网络资源可以分为网络设备资源和网络信息资源。网络设备资源为我们提供远程计算能力和远程通信能力。网络信息资源则为我们提供科学、教育、商业、历史、法律、艺术和娱乐等各种信息服务。TextATheInternetPara5ThegoalofyouruseoftheInternetisexchangingmessagesorobtaininginformation.WhatyouneedtoknowisthatyoucanexchangemessageswithothercomputersontheInternetanduseyourcomputerasaremoteterminalondistantcomputers.Buttheinternaldetailsofthelinkarelessimportant,aslongasitworks.Ifyouconnectcomputerstogetheronanetwork,eachcomputermusthaveauniqueaddress,whichcouldbeeitherawordoranumber.Forexample,theaddressofSam’scomputercouldbeSam,oranumber.TextATheInternetPara5使用互联网的目的是交换消息或者获取信息。你需要知道的是，你可以与网络上的其他用户交换消息，你的计算机可以作为计算机网络上的远程终端。只要网络正常运行，内部的链接细节是怎样的并不重要。将计算机连上网络，每台计算机必须有一个唯一的地址，它可以是一个单词或一个数字。例如，Sam的计算机地址可以是Sam，也可以是一个数字。TextATheInternetPara6TheInternetisahugeinterconnectedsystem,butitusesjustahandfulofmethodtomovedataaround.UntiltherecentexplosionofpublicinterestintheInternet,thevastmajorityofthecomputersontheNetusetheUnixoperatingsystem.Asaresult,thestandardUnixcommandsforcertainInternetserviceshaveenteredtheonlinecommunity’slanguagesasbothnounsandverbstodescribetheservicesthemselves.SomeoftheservicesthattheInternetcanprovideare:Mail,Remoteuseofanothercomputer(Telnet),FileTransfer(FTP),News,andLiveconversation.TextATheInternetPara6互联网是一个巨大的互联系统，但它只使用少数几种方法来传输数据。时至今日，公众对互联网的兴趣大增，网上的绝大多数计算机都使用Unix操作系统。因此，用于某些互联网服务的标准Unix命令已经作为名词和动词成为了在线社区的语言，用于描述服务本身。互联网提供的一些服务还有：邮件、远程使用另一台计算机（Telnet）、文件传输（FTP）、新闻和实时对话。TextATheInternetPara7Themostcommonlyusednetworkserviceiselectronicmail(E-mail),orsimplyasmail.Mailpermitsnetworkuserstosendtextualmessagestoeachother.Computersandnetworkshandledeliveringthemail,sothatcommunicatingmailusersdonothavetohandledetailsofdelivery,anddonothavetobepresentatthesametimeorplace.TextATheInternetPara7最常用的网络服务是电子邮件（E-mail），或者简称为邮件（mail）。邮件服务允许网络用户互相发送文本消息。邮件的传递由计算机和网络处理，通信邮件用户不必处理传递的细节，也不必同时在场。TextATheInternetPara8Thesimplestwaytoaccessafileonanotherhostistocopyitacrossthenetworktoyourlocalhost.FTPcandothis.TextATheInternetPara8要想访问另一台主机上的文件，最简单方法是通过网络将其复制到本地主机。FTP就可以做到。TextATheInternetPara9Presently,auserwithanaccountonanyInternetmachinecanestablishaliveconnectiontoanyothermachineontheNetfromtheterminalinhisownofficeorlaboratory.ItisonlynecessarytousetheUnixcommandthatsetsuparemoteterminalconnection(Telnet),followedbytheaddressofthedistantmachine.TextATheInternetPara9目前，只要拥有互联网帐户，就可以在自己的办公室或实验室的终端上与网上其他任何机器建立实时连接。只需要使用Unix命令设置远程终端连接（Telnet），输入远程计算机的地址。TextATheInternetPara10BeforeyoucanusetheInternet,youmustchooseawaytomovedatabetweentheInternetandyourPC.Thislinkmaybeahigh-speeddatacommunicationcircuit,alocalareanetwork(LAN),atelephonelineoraradiochannel.Mostlikely,youwilluseaModemattachedtoyourtelephonelinetotalktotheInternet.Naturally,thequalityofyourInternetconnectionandservice,likemanyotherthingsinlife,isdictatedbytheamountofmoneythatyouarewillingtospend.TextATheInternetPara10只有选择了一种在互联网和个人电脑之间传输数据的方式，才能使用互联网。可以是高速数据通信电路、局域网（LAN）、电话线或无线电。最有可能的是，使用一个调制解调器连接电话线来实现网上交流。当然，网络连接以及网络服务的质量，就像生活中的许多其他事情一样，取决于你愿意花多少钱。TextATheInternetPara11Althoughalltheseservicescanwellsatisfytheneedsoftheusersforinformationexchange,adefiniterequirementisneededfortheusers.Notonlyshouldtheusersknowwheretheresourceslocates,butalsoheshouldknowsomeoperatingcommandsconcernedtoeasethesearchingburdenoftheusers,recentlysomeconvenientsearchingtoolsappears,suchasGopher,WWWandNetscape.TextATheInternetPara11尽管所有这些服务都能很好地满足用户信息交换的需求，但还是有必要了解一些要求。用户不仅应该知道资源所在的位置，而且还应该知道一些相关的操作命令，这些命令可以减轻信息搜索的负担。最近出现了一些方便的搜索工具，如Gopher,WWW和Netscape。TextATheInternetPara12WorldWideWeb(www)isanetworkedhypertextprotocolanduserinterface.ItprovidesaccesstomultipleservicesanddocumentslikeGopherdoesbutismoreambitiousinitsmethod.AjumptootherInternetservicescanbetriggeredbyamouseclickona“hotlinked”word,image,oriconontheWebpage.TextATheInternetPara12万维网（www）是一种网络化的超文本协议和用户界面。它提供多种服务和文件访问，就像地鼠程序（Gopher）一样，但其操作方法更为卓越。通过鼠标点击网页上的“超链接”文字、图像或图标，就可以跳转到其他互联网服务。TextATheInternetPara13AsmoreandmoresystemsjointheInternet,andasmoreandmoreformsofinformationcanbeconvertedtodigitalform,theamountofstuffavailabletoInternetuserscontinuestogrow.Atsomepointsverysoonafterthenationwide(andlaterworldwide)Internetstartedtogrow,peoplebegantotreattheNetasacommunity,withitsowntraditionandcustoms.Forexample,somebodywouldaskaquestioninaconference,andacompletestrangerwouldsendbackananswer:afterthesamequestionwasrepeatedseveraltimesbypeoplewhohadn’tseentheoriginalanswers,somebodyelsegatheredlistof“frequentlyaskedquestions”andplaceditwherenewcomerscouldfindit.TextATheInternetPara13随着越来越多的系统加入互联网，以及越来越多的信息形式可以转换为数字形式，互联网用户可获得的资源数量持续增长。随着全国（而后是世界）范围内互联网的不断发展，人们即刻开始将网络视为具有自己传统和习俗的社区。例如：如果有人在会上提问，就有陌生人来回答问题。当人们因为没有看到这个答案而多次重复提问同样的问题时，就会有人收集“常见问题”清单并将它放置在新用户能找到的显眼之处。TextATheInternetestablishv.e.g.Thecommitteewasestablishedin1912.

这个委员会创立于191