文案章简介案例

1RMAN简 用RMAN连接数据 23快速开始 使用示例rman脚本和场 选择rman认证方 使用基本的rman命 RMAN架 4RMAN架构预 1RMAN简 用RMAN连接数据 23快速开始 使用示例rman脚本和场 选择rman认证方 使用基本的rman命 RMAN架 4RMAN架构预 RMAN命令接 RMAN资料 在控制文件中专门存储rman资料 介质管理 5RMAN概念：通道、备份和拷 RMAN自动和手工分配通 备份 备份选项：命名、大小和速 备份类 备份错 控制文件和spfile自动备 备份保持策 备份优 可重启的备 镜像拷 备份的测试和完整性检 第1页，共1516RMAN概念 用rmanrestore文 用rman实现数据文件介质 用rman实现block介质 数据库副本与 用rman创建standby数据 RMAN概念：维 7rman报告功 6RMAN概念 用rmanrestore文 用rman实现数据文件介质 用rman实现block介质 数据库副本与 用rman创建standby数据 RMAN概念：维 7rman报告功 rman备份和拷贝的 rman备份和拷贝的删 为rman维护命令分配多个通 改变rman备份和拷贝到可用状 改变rman备份和拷贝到保持状 8配置rman环 配置rman构造备份到介质管理 配置自动通 配置备份保持策 配置备份集的最大尺 配置备份优 配置备份拷贝的数 从全数据库备份中配置例外的表空 为rman设置全局支持环境变 配置控制文件快照的位 为sharedserver安装 第2页，共151安装恢复目 用rman创建备份和拷 9为备份和拷贝作业配置和分配通 备份数据库文件和归档日 增量备 用rman构造分裂镜像备 用rman在standby数据库中备份文 用rman备份备份 安装恢复目 用rman创建备份和拷 9为备份和拷贝作业配置和分配通 备份数据库文件和归档日 增量备 用rman构造分裂镜像备 用rman在standby数据库中备份文 用rman备份备份 重启并优化rman备 用rman执行备份验 用rman拷贝文 覆盖控制文件自动备份 rman备份和拷贝示 10Restoring和Recovering数据 预 执行基本的rman介质恢 还原 用备份控制文件执行恢 在新位置上还原文 在新主机上还原数据 恢复RAC数据 通过RESETLOGS恢 实现灾难恢 恢复数据 第3页，共151验证备份和拷贝还 RMAN还原和恢复案 11执行表空间 12复制数据 创建复制数据库：预 验证备份和拷贝还 RMAN还原和恢复案 11执行表空间 12复制数据 创建复制数据库：预 为复制数据库生成文 为复制准备辅助实例：基本步 在本地或远程主机上创建复制数据 数据库复制示 创建standby数据 1314优化 rman故障解 1516管理rman资料 17查询rman资料 用rman进行维 18第4页，共151第5页，共151<08日/07月/2004年第5页，共151<08日/07月/2004年第1RMAN简第1RMAN简略第6页，共151第2RMAN第2RMAN连接数略第7页，共151OracleNetorapwdclienttnsserverlistenerRAC1.连接到目标数据库：rmanTARGET/2.启动和关闭数据库rman>startuprman>shutdown第8页，共151rman>startup3.rman>report4.备份数据库RMAN>{allocatechannelc1typebackupformat}incrementallevel1tablespacerman>backuparchivelogalldeleterman>startup3.rman>report4.备份数据库RMAN>{allocatechannelc1typebackupformat}incrementallevel1tablespacerman>backuparchivelogalldeleterman>copydatafile1torman>listrman>list第9页，共151rman>restoredatabaserman>shutdownrman>connecttargetrman>restorerman>reoverrman>alterdatabase{sql‘altertablespacerman>restoredatabaserman>shutdownrman>connecttargetrman>restorerman>reoverrman>alterdatabase{sql‘altertablespacerestoretablespacerecovertablespacesql‘altertablespace}rman>show第10页，共151第11页，共151第11页，共151第4章RMAN架§4.1RMAN第4章RMAN架§4.1RMAN选§4.2RMANRmanpl/sql第12页，共151catalog、dropcatalog、upgradecatalogcatalog、dropcatalog、upgradecatalog命令异常：可以在rman提示符和run命令下执行；backupublockrecover、copy、restore、recover、validate如：rmantargetcatalogrman/rmancmdfilebackup.rcvlogreplacescript{incrementalleveltag第13页，共151filespersetdatabaseplus}run{executescriptselect*from§4.3RMANfilespersetdatabaseplus}run{executescriptselect*from§4.3RMAN1.多个目标数据库。只能在同一目录模式（schema）dbid第14页，共151控制文件快照：rman（临时的备份控制文件控制文件快照：rman（临时的备份控制文件第15页，共151使用磁带做数据库备份的话使用磁带做数据库备份的话第16页，共151第17页，共151第17页，共151可以在run脚本块中手工分配通道或者通过automaticCHANNELrman可以在run脚本块中手工分配通道或者通过automaticCHANNELrmanDEVICETYPEnDEVICE第18页，共151{allocatechannelc1devicetypebackupdatabaseplus}CONFIGUREDEVICETYPE…PARALLELISMrman{allocatechannelc1devicetypebackupdatabaseplus}CONFIGUREDEVICETYPE…PARALLELISMrmanSHOWDEVICETYPE;命令：CONFIGUREDEFAULTDEVICE如：backupdevicetypesbtsbt_tape，第19页，共151CONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEDISKRATE5M比如DEFAULTDEVICEDEVICETYPETODEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISM 1CONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEDISKRATE5M比如DEFAULTDEVICEDEVICETYPETODEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISM 1 2DEVICETYPEDISKDEVICETYPEDEVICETYPEsbt3DEVICETYPEDISKRman内部控制BACKUP/COPY/RESTORE的并行度，只需要指定：多个第20页，共151{}{{}{backupdatafile}第页，共151在k、m、g的级别上设置I/O带宽消费限额（allocatechannelrate,configurechannel…设置备份片的大小（在k、m、g的级别上设置I/O带宽消费限额（allocatechannelrate,configurechannel…设置备份片的大小（CONFIGURECHANNELALLOCATECHANNEL设置当前打开文件的个数（ CHANNELMAXOPENFILES,CONFIGURECHANNEL…发送与厂商相关的命令到介质管理器指定那个实例执行操作（ALLOCATECHANNEL…CONNECT,CHANNEL…1.关于备份集第22页，共151mounted如果数据库运行在noarchivelogmounted如果数据库运行在noarchivelogrmanDEVICETYPEDISK，数据文件的设备上创建备份集，换句话说，如果语句CREATEtablespace_nameDATAFILE‘filename’可以运行的话，‘filename’DELETEALLINPUT，rman第23页，共151份开始前，rman会在下面规则下尝试切换并归档当前日志（rman份开始前，rman会在下面规则下尝试切换并归档当前日志（rman…altersystemarchivelogbackuparchivelogaltersystemarchivelog在每个备份集中的文件数目：FILESPERSET多元：MAXOPENFILES设定和每个备份集的文件数目的最小值。第24页，共151第25页，共151ObjectBACKUPOnlyBACKUPcommandonAnyobjectspecifiedonSETBACKUPAllBACKUPcommandswithinRUNblockAnyobjectspecifiedonAllBACKUPOnlydatafiles,controlfiles,serverparameterfiles,andarchived9.备份集备份DEVICETYPEsbtBACKUPSETCOPIES2DEVICETYPEsbtBACKUPSETBACKUPSETCOMPLETEDBEFORE‘SYSDATE-7’DELETE9.备份集备份DEVICETYPEsbtBACKUPSETCOPIES2DEVICETYPEsbtBACKUPSETBACKUPSETCOMPLETEDBEFORE‘SYSDATE-7’DELETEconfigurechanneldevicetypediskmaxpiecesize=backupdatafile第26页，共151备份集中的数据文件多路个数由FILESPERSETMAXOPENFILES文件第27页，共151每一通道产生至少一个备份集。通过在命令MAXSETSIZE至少n个磁盘驱动器中读取数据。如果设置了FILESPERSET每一通道产生至少一个备份集。通过在命令MAXSETSIZE至少n个磁盘驱动器中读取数据。如果设置了FILESPERSETCONFIGURECHANNEL1DEVICETYPEsbtRATECONFIGURECHANNEL1DEVICETYPEsbtRATE第28页，共151decidesSetsthemaximumsizeinbytesofthebackupalimittothenumberoffilesintheset.ThemaximumsizeofthebackupHowmanyfilestoputineachsettoSetsalimittothenumberoffilesinthebackupsetwithoutspecifyingamaximumsizeinbytesoftheThemaximumnumberoffilestobackupset.Whatsizetomakethebackupsetsto(TABLESPACEsystem,undotbschannel(TABLESPACEusers,toolschannel第29页，共151A(TABLESPACEsystem,undotbschannel(TABLESPACEusers,toolschannel第29页，共151Abackupthatisnotincremental.Afullbackupincludesalluseddatablocksinthedatafiles.Fullbackupsofcontrolfilesandarchivedlogsalwaysincludeallblocksinthefiles.Note:Afullbackupisdifferentfromawholedatabasecontrolfile.Abackupofdatafilesthatincludesonlytheblocksthathavechangedsinceapreviousincrementalbackup.Incrementalbackupsrequireafullorincrementallevel0backuptoserveasabasis.Abackupofonline,read/writedatafileswhenthedatabaseisopen.Note:DonotputatablespaceinbackupmodewiththeALTERTABLESPACEBEGINBACKUPstatement.RMANusesadifferentmethodtoguaranteeconsistencyinonlinebackups.Abackupofanypartofthetargetdatabasewhenitismountedbutnotopen.Closedbackupscanbeconsistentorblocks。RmanblocksI/OI/O带宽底很多的时候；可以恢复由nologging选项创建的对象；减少blocks。RmanblocksI/OI/O带宽底很多的时候；可以恢复由nologging选项创建的对象；减少第30页，共151Abackuptakenwhenthedatabaseismounted(butnotopen)andwasnotcrashedorshutdownwiththeABORToptionpriortomounting.ThecheckpointSCNsinthedatafileheadersmatchtheheaderinformationinthecontrolfileandnoneofthedatafileshaschangesbeyonditscheckpoint.ConsistentbackupscanberestoredwithoutAbackupofanypartofthetargetdatabaseItis ItcrashedoraSHUTDOWNABORTwasrunpriortoAninconsistentbackuprequiresrecoverytobecome（n>0（n>0blocksblockSCN（SCNblockParentrmanSCNsnparentleveln第31页，共151oracle提供构造在level1oracle提供构造在level1blocks第32页，共151SELECTFILE#,SELECTFILE#,INCREMENTAL_LEVEL,COMPLETION_TIME,BLOCKS,DATAFILE_BLOCKSFROMV$BACKUP_DATAFILEWHEREINCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0ANDBLOCKS/DATAFILE_BLOCKS>ORDERBY第33页，共151Rman拷贝已标识为损坏的数据文件blocks到备份中。如果rmanRman拷贝已标识为损坏的数据文件blocks到备份中。如果rman损坏的，并写入到备份集中。通过视图V$BACKUP_CORRUPTION和0：block数据库结构变化后（比如增加数据文件等CONFIGUREAUTOBACKUPFORDEVICETYPEDISKdisk第34页，共151BACKUPCommandIfthebackupincludesdatafile1,thenRMANdoesnotautomaticallyincludethecurrentcontrolfileinthedatafilebackupset.Instead,RMANCONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPON/OFF;制文件来还原控制文件自动备份：采用命令RESTORECONTROLFILE控制默认的格式是％F，可以用命令CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPON/OFF;制文件来还原控制文件自动备份：采用命令RESTORECONTROLFILE控制默认的格式是％F，可以用命令CONFIGURECONTROLFILE1.关于备份保持方案文件的备份和拷贝是否已废弃。用REPORTOBSOLETE/DELETEeddepi第35页，共151BACKUPCommandthecontrolfileandserverparameterfiletoaseparateautobackuppiece.Note:TheautobackupoccursregardlessofwhethertheBACKUPorCOPYcommandexplicitlyincludesthecurrentcontrolfile,forexample,BACKUPDATABASEINCLUDECURRENTCONTROLFILE.Ifthebackupincludesdatafile1,thenRMANautomaticallyincludesthecurrentcontrolfileandserverparameterfileinthedatafilebackupset.RMANdoesnotcreateaseparateautobackuppiececontainingthecontrolfileandserverparameterfile.那些比最旧的数据文件或控制文件备份还要旧的归档日志标记为obsoleteCONFIGURERECOVERYCONFIGURECONFIGURE从现在延伸回到七天前以便可以还原备份并恢复到该点上。命令：CONFIGURE那些比最旧的数据文件或控制文件备份还要旧的归档日志标记为obsoleteCONFIGURERECOVERYCONFIGURECONFIGURE从现在延伸回到七天前以便可以还原备份并恢复到该点上。命令：CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTORECOVERWINDOWOF7口为7，那么对每个数据文件备份必须满足下面条件：sysdate–数据库每两周备份一次：Jan1,Jan14,Jan第36页，共151Jan23，Jan16，Jan14Jan23，Jan16，Jan14的。JanJan143.备份冗余第37页，共151如：CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTOREDUNDANCYCONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYCLEAR;CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTONONE;如：CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTOREDUNDANCYCONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYCLEAR;CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTONONE;#exemptsthebackupfromretentionpolicyuntillastdayofBACKUP'dd-mon-KEEPUNTILTIME"TO_DATE('31-DEC-2002',#altersofbackupset231fromKEEPtoCHANGEBACKUPSET231areindefinitelyexempt#fromtheretentionBACKUPTABLESPACEusersKEEPFOREVER1.备份优化算法第38页，共151第39页，共151 Identical...BackupOptimizationIfyouconfigureda第39页，共151 Identical...BackupOptimizationIfyouconfiguredarecoverywindow,thenRMANskipsadatafilebackuponlyifthelatestbackupofafileisearlierthantheearliestpointinthewindow.n=1andsearchesforvaluesofninthisorderofprecedence(thatis,valueshigheronthelistoverridevaluesloweronthelist):IfCONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTOREDUNDANCYrisenabled,thenRMANonlyskipsdatafileswhenn=r+1backupsBACKUP...COPIESSETBACKUPCOPIESCONFIGUREDATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPE...TORMANskipsbackuponlyifatleastnbackupsofanidenticalfileexistonthespecifieddevice.IfRMANdoesnotskipArchivedTypeCriteriatoDetermineanIdenticalSameDBID,checkpointSCN,andRESETLOGSSCNandtime.Thedatafilemustbeoffline-normal,read-only,orclosedredoSamethread,sequencenumber,andRESETLOGSSCNandBackupSamebackupsetrecidand2.CONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMIZATIONALL/LIKEBACKUPDATABASE,BACKUP2.CONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMIZATIONALL/LIKEBACKUPDATABASE,BACKUPARCHIVELOGBACKUPBACKUPSETCONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMIZATION3.第40页，共151 Identical...BackupOptimizationvalueslowerontheBACKUP...COPIESSETBACKUPCOPIESCONFIGUREARCHIVELOGBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPE...TORMANskipsbackuponlyifatleastnbackupsofanidenticalfileexistonthespecifieddevice.IfRMANdoesnotskipBackupBydefault,n=1.RMANsearchesforothervaluesofninthisorderofprecedence(thatis,valueshigheronthelistoverridevaluesloweronthelist):BACKUP...COPIESSETBACKUPCOPIESRMANskipsbackuponlyifatleastnbackupsofanidenticalfileexistonthespecifieddevice.IfRMANdoesnotskipCONFIGURERETENTIONONPOLICYTONONECONFIGURERETENTIONONPOLICYTONONErCONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTOREDUNDANCYrDEFAULTDEVICETOBACKUPRETENTIONPOLICYREDUNDANCY第41页，共151Taketablespaceoffline使用可重启的备份特性，rmanBACKUPDATABASEFILESPERSET=第42页，共151BACKUPTheuserstablespaceisbackedup.BACKUPTheusers使用可重启的备份特性，rmanBACKUPDATABASEFILESPERSET=第42页，共151BACKUPTheuserstablespaceisbackedup.BACKUPTheuserstablespaceisbackedup.BACKUPTheuserstablespaceisbackedup.TuesdayBACKUPTheuserstablespaceisnotbackedup.TuesdayBACKUPTheuserstablespaceisnotbackedup.TuesdayDELETEBACKUPTheuserstablespaceisbackedup.WednesdayBACKUPDATABASENOTBACKEDUPSINCETIME‘SYSDATE–BACKUPDATABASENOTBACKEDUPSINCETIME‘SYSDATE–么无需restore该拷贝。相反，使用SWITCHswitch了，相当于执行DATABASERENAMEDATAFILERman…第43页，共1514.rman4.rman第44页，共1515.rman…第45页，共151第46页，共151第46页，共151第6章RMAN概念§6.1rmanrestore第6章RMAN概念§6.1rmanrestorerestore时，mount，rman第47页，共151RunSETRESTORERunRESTOREDATAFILERESTOREDATAFILE‘?/oradata/trgt/tools01.dbf’（ALTERDATABASE第48页，共151RunSETRESTORERunRMANrestoresthefilestoimmediatelyremovestherepositoryrecordsforthedatafilecopiescreatedduringtherestore.RMANrestoresthefilestothepathnamesspecifiedbytherepositoryrecordsforthedatafilecopiescreatedduringtherestore.filetothenamesoftherestoredfiles;ifno,thenRMANdoesnotupdatethedatafilecopies.默认的，如果需要restore信息，rmanrestore。Rman只在文件头检测没有成功的时候执默认的，如果需要restore信息，rmanrestore。Rman只在文件头检测没有成功的时候执1.rman设置数据库的状态：mounted第49页，共151恢复期间，rmanV$ARCHIVED_LOG第50页，共151备份中寻找并restore需要的归档日志来执行介质恢复。通常SETARCHIVELOGDESTINATIONrestore备份中寻找并restore需要的归档日志来执行介质恢复。通常SETARCHIVELOGDESTINATIONrestore第51页，共151，TSPIT5.档日志和控制文件的自动备份。在灾难恢复情况下，rman在资料库的情况下决定控制文件的自动备份。Restore，TSPIT5.档日志和控制文件的自动备份。在灾难恢复情况下，rman在资料库的情况下决定控制文件的自动备份。Restoreblocks；视图V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTIONBMRextent的；这种情况下，数据文件的介质恢复是最好的解决方法；BMR第52页，共151ANALYZETABLE/ANALYZEINDEXBLOCKRECOVERDATAFILE7BLOCK3DATAFILEANALYZETABLE/ANALYZEINDEXBLOCKRECOVERDATAFILE7BLOCK3DATAFILE2BLOCK第53页，共151在新的主机上创建副本数据库，如果同样的目录结构是可用的，公用在新的主机上创建副本数据库，如果同样的目录结构是可用的，公用Rman必须有全部可用数据文件的备份和控制文件备份。Rman第54页，共151第55页，共151第55页，共151第7章RMAN概念§7.1rman第7章RMAN概念§7.1rmanREPORTRMANREPORTNEEDBACKUP/PEPORTUNRECOVERABLE质恢复需要的备份是可用的；REPORTOBSOLETE如果从创建数据文件开始之后的重做日志都存在的话，可通过第56页，共151REPORTOBSOLETEREDUNDANCYRECOVERYWINDOWREPORTOBSOLETECONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYREPORTOBSOLETEREDUNDANCYRECOVERYWINDOWREPORTOBSOLETECONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICY这时当前重做日志序列重置为1。RESETLOGS选项使oracle写新的第57页，共151Atleastintegermorerecentbackupsorimagecopiesofthisfilealreadyexist.withintherecoverywindowofintegerdays.Foreachdatafile,onebackupthatisolderthantherecoverywindowmustexist.Inotherwords,onebackupofeachdatafilemustsatisfytheolderthanthemostrecentbackupthatsatisfiesthisconditionareobsolete.SCN10，SCN10，第58页，共151 OrphanedIncarnationAllbackupsfromincarnationsBandCIncarnationAllbackupsfromincarnationApriortoSCN10AllbackupsfromincarnationBBackupsfromincarnationAafterSCN10.AllbackupsfromincarnationC3.SHOW4.PRINTSCRIPT3.SHOW4.PRINTSCRIPT第59页，共151 OrphanedIncarnationAllbackupsfromincarnationApriortoSCN10AllbackupsfromincarnationBpriortoSCN20AllbackupsfromincarnationCAllbackupsfromincarnationAafterSCN10AllbackupsfromincarnationBafterSCN20V$控制文件视图和目录表在存储信息方式上有所不同并影响rman如何控制资料库记录。存储在控制文件中的rmanV$控制文件视图和目录表在存储信息方式上有所不同并影响rman如何控制资料库记录。存储在控制文件中的rman第60页，共151orScriptTodeletephysicalbackupsandimagecopies,updatetherecordsfromthecatalog(ifacatalogisused).YoucanspecifythatDELETEshouldremovebackupsorcopiesthatareEXPIREDorOBSOLETE.IfyourunDELETEEXPIREDnotdeletetheobject.YoucanoverridethisbehavioranddeletetheobjectbyrunningDELETEFORCE.3.DELETE3.DELETE第61页，共151orScriptBACKUP...DELETE[ALL]INPUTTobackuparchivedlogs,datafilecopies,orbackupsets,thendeletetheinputfilesfromtheoperatingsystemafterthesuccessfulcompletionofthebackup.RMANalsodeletesandupdatesrepositoryrecordsforthedeletedinputfiles.IfyouspecifyDELETEINPUT(withoutALL),thenRMANdeletesonlythecopythatitbacksup.IfyouspecifythatitfindsintheV$ARCHIVED_LOGview.CHANGE...andcopiesandchangetheircontrolfilerecordstostatusDELETED.NotethattheCHANGE...UNCATALOGcommanddoesnotdeletefilesfromtheoperatingsystem.ToremoveallrecordsofbackupsorcopieswithstatusDELETEDfromtherecoverycatalog.Priortoreleaseitdoesinthecurrentrelease).versionasthecurrentreleaseofRMAN,thentheonlyDELETEDisifthecataloghasbeenupgradedfromacatalogpriortorelease8.1.6,orthecatalogwastorelease8.1.6.DELETEARCHVIELOGALLBACKEDUP2BACKUP…DELETEINPUTDELETEARCHVIELOGALLBACKEDUP2BACKUP…DELETEINPUT…有用处。命令：BACKUPARCHIVELOGALLDELETE第62页，共151BehaviorofDELETENotfoundonDoesnotdeletetheobjectandreportsofthejob.RMANdoesnotupdatetherepositorystatus.Doesnotdeletetheobjectandreportsofthejob.RMANdoesnotupdatetherepositorystatus.Removesrepositoryrecordanddeletesobjectifitexists.AllI/OerrorsareRemovesrepositoryrecordanddeletesfileifitexists.AllI/Oerrorsareignored.RMANdisplaysthenumberofobjectsdeletedattheendofthejob.BACKUPARCHIVELOGALLFROMSEQUENCE1200DELETEALLBACKUPARCHIVELOGALLFROMSEQUENCE1200DELETEALL型：DELETEEXPIREDBACKUPDEVICETYPEALLOCATECHANNELFORMAINTANCETYPECROSSCHECK命令：CHANGE…第63页，共151前保存策略中免除备份或拷贝。第64页，共151restorerestore尝试载入在ALLOCATECHANNEL/CONFIGURECHANNEL安装介质管理库前清除老的文件：rm第65页，共151$ln–s/vendor/lib/oracle_lib$mv/vendor/lib/oracle_lib$ln–s/vendor/lib/oracle_lib$mv/vendor/lib/oracle_lib管理器文档。通过在CONFIGURECHANNEL/ALLOCATECHANNEL中指定{allocatechannelc1devicetype第66页，共151}{allocatechannelc1devicetypebackupdatafile}第67页，共151Ahangingbackupusuallyindicatesthat}{allocatechannelc1devicetypebackupdatafile}第67页，共151Ahangingbackupusuallyindicatesthatthemediamanagermanagerjobsin"tapemountrequest"modeandfixtheManager:BasicSteps"arecorrectlydone.Referto"BackupJobIsHanging:Scenario"iftheproblemThebackupfailswithORA-19511orORA-70xxxerrorisnotcorrectlyconfigured.Ensurethatthestepsin"IntegratingRMANwiththeMediaManager:BasicSteps"arecorrectlydone.Also,ensurethatyouhavethecorrectPARMSandFORMATstringsrequiredbyyourmediamanagementsoftware.Inthiscase,youarereadytouseRMANtomake5.配置通道后，用下面命令测试：backupdevicetypesbtdatafile检查配置：showchanneldevicetypesbt：configuredefaultdevicetypeto配置默认设备后，做一个测试备份：backupdatafile检测配置：showdefaultdevice如果使用多于一个的介质管理器，配置并行度：configure5.配置通道后，用下面命令测试：backupdevicetypesbtdatafile检查配置：showchanneldevicetypesbt：configuredefaultdevicetypeto配置默认设备后，做一个测试备份：backupdatafile检测配置：showdefaultdevice如果使用多于一个的介质管理器，配置并行度：configuredevicesbtparalellism2;backup命令：CONFIGUREDEFUALTDEVICETYPETO命令：CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKPARALLELISM第68页，共151CONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEDISKCONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEDISKMAXPIECESIZE/FORMAT当希望改变某一通道的配置时使用指定的通道，典型的，只需要在CONFIGURECHANNEL1DEVICETYPEDISKFORMATCONFIGURECHANNEL2DEVICETYPEDISKFORMAT第69页，共151DEVICETYPETYPETYPE…nDEVICETYPE…7.spfileDEVICETYPETYPETYPE…nDEVICETYPE…7.spfileCOY；BPY；的备份集中；对于结构改变后的自动备份，默认的磁盘通道构造备份。spfileoracle第70页，共151BACKUPCommandIfthebackupincludesdatafile1,thenRMANdoesnotautomaticallyincludethecurrentcontrolfileinthedatafilebackupset.Instead,RMANwritesthecontrolfileandserverparameterfiletoaseparateautobackuppiece.Note:TheautobackupoccursregardlessofwhethertheBACKUPorCOPYcommandexplicitlyincludesthecurrentcontrolfile,forexample,BACKUPDATABASEINCLUDECURRENTCONTROLFILE.Ifthebackupincludesdatafile1,thenCONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPCONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPFORMATFORDEVICETYPEDISKCONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPCONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPFORMATFORDEVICETYPEDISKSETCONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPFORMAT(runSETCONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPFORMAT(rmanCONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUP1.CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTORECOVERYWINDOWOF72.第71页，共151BACKUPCommandautomaticallyincludesthecurrentcontrolfileandserverparameterfileinthedatafilebackupset.RMANdoesnotcreateaseparateautobackuppiececontainingthecontrolfileandserverparameterfile.命令：CONFIGURETOREDUNDANCEY3.使保持策略失效命令：CONFIGURETO4.命令：CONFIGUREREDUNDANCY命令CONFIGUREMAXSETSIZE限制在一个通道上备份集的尺寸。命令：CONFIGURETOREDUNDANCEY3.使保持策略失效命令：CONFIGURETO4.命令：CONFIGUREREDUNDANCY命令CONFIGUREMAXSETSIZE限制在一个通道上备份集的尺寸。可在以下命令中设置ARCHIVELOGBACKUPSETBACKUPDATABASEBACKUPARCHVIELOGALL第72页，共151使备份优化生效/失效：CONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMATION使备份优化返回到默认设置：CONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMATIONCONFIGURE…BACKUPCOPIES且只有一个拷贝使备份优化生效/失效：CONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMATION使备份优化返回到默认设置：CONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMATIONCONFIGURE…BACKUPCOPIES且只有一个拷贝CONFIGUREDATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEDISKTOBACKUPDATABASEFORMAT重置到默认值1CONFIGUREDATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEsbtCONFIGUREEXCLUDEFORTABLESPACE;BACKUPDATABASECONFIGUREEXCLUDEFORTABLESPACE第73页，共151BACKUPDATABASECONFIGUREEXCLUDEFORTABLESPACEexample1.设置NLS_DATE_FORMATBACKUPDATABASECONFIGUREEXCLUDEFORTABLESPACEexample1.设置NLS_DATE_FORMATNLS_DATE_FORMAT=’MonDDYYYY2.指定数据库字符集如果rman，rman会创建临时CONFIGURESNAPSHOTCONTROLFILELOCATIONCLEAR；CONFIGURESNAPSHOTCONTROLFILENAMETO‘…’第74页，共151略略第75页，共151数据文件（当前或镜像拷贝控制文件（当前或镜像拷贝spfile（当前正在使用第76页，共151略如果这些条件没有满足的话，备份是不一致的。不一致备份需要在略如果这些条件没有满足的话，备份是不一致的。不一致备份需要在份标签TAG＝‘weekly_backup’;rmantag备份通常都是不一致的。在镜像在线表空间备份前无需执行DATABASEBEGIN在rman提示符下执行BACKUPTABLESPACE命令。例如：FILESPERSET=3TABLESPACELISTBACKUPOFTABLESPACE第77页，共1511,2,3,4FILESPERSET3DATAFILECOPY‘/tmp/system01.dbf’1,2,3,4FILESPERSET3DATAFILECOPY‘/tmp/system01.dbf’LISTBACKUPOFDATAFILE；在rman提示符下执行BACKUPDATAFILECOPY命令。如：DATAFILECOPYOFOFF，rman1，BACKUPCURRENTBACKUPINCLUDECURRENTCONTROLFILE，第78页，共151CONTROLFILEtag＝mondaypmbackup;如果自动备份有效的话，rmanLISTCONTROLFILEtag＝mondaypmbackup;如果自动备份有效的话，rmanLISTBACKUPOFCONTROLFILE；如：BACKUPTABLESPACEUSERSINCLUDECURRENT命令：BACKUP运行rmanBACKUPCONTROLFILECOPY命令；如：CONTROLFILECOPY命令：BACKUP如：BACKUPCOPIES2DEVICETYPEsbtBACKUP…PLUSrman第79页，共151一个备份集中。BACKUPARCHIVELOGALL一个备份集中。BACKUPARCHIVELOGALLBACKUPARCHIVELOGALLDELETEALLLISTBACKUPOFARCHIVELOGALL；BACKUP…PLUSARCHIVELOGALTERSYSTEMARCHIVELOGBACKUPARCHIVELOGALLALTERSYSTEMARCHIVELOGLOGCURRENT;backup：BACKUPDATABASEPLUSLISTBACKUPOFDATABASELISTBACKUPOFARCHIVELOG第80页，共151123{allocatechannelnode2devicebackuparchivelog}123{allocatechannelnode2devicebackuparchivelog}第81页，共151devicetypesbtparallelismdefualtdevicetypetochannel1deviceconnectparmsconnectconfigurechannel2devicetypesbtparallelismdefualtdevicetypetochannel1deviceconnectparmsconnectconfigurechannel2deviceparmsconnectconfigurechannel3deviceparms备份日志：BACKUPARCHIVELOG在大多数情况下，最容易的方法使使用BACKUPCOPIES、CONFIGUREBACKUPCOPIESduplexFORMATCONFIGUREBACKUPCOPIES来duplexingCONFIGUREDEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISMCONFIGUREDEFAULTDEVICETYPETO第82页，共151CONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEDISKFORMATDATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEsbtTOARCHIVELOGBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEsbtTODATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEDISKTOCONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEDISKFORMATDATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEsbtTOARCHIVELOGBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEsbtTODATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEDISKTODISKBACKUPCOPIES来Duplexing在BACKUP命令中用COPIES指定相同拷贝的个数：BACKUPCOPIESINCREMENTALLEVEL=0LISTBACKUPSUMMARY0级备份：BACKUPINCREMENTALLEVEL01级差异备份：BACKUPINCREMENTALLEVEL1TABLESPACE2级累积备份：BACKUPINCREMENTALLEVEL=2CUMULATIVELISTBACKUPOFDATABASE第83页，共151启动rman并把需要备份的表空间置于热备份状态。如：RMAN>SQLTABLESPACEusersBEGINSupendI/O。如：SQL‘启动rman并把需要备份的表空间置于热备份状态。如：RMAN>SQLTABLESPACEusersBEGINSupendI/O。如：SQL‘ALTERSYSTEMresume：SQL‘ALTERSYSTEM把用户管理镜像拷贝用命令CATALOG编目，如：CATALOG 数据 拷， …UNCATALOGCHANG‘/db2/oradata/trgt/users01.dbf’第84页，共151§9.6rman第85页，共151如：BACKUPDEVICEDEVICETYPEsbtBACKUPSETALL;BACKUPDEVICE如：BACKUPDEVICEDEVICETYPEsbtBACKUPSETALL;BACKUPDEVICETYPEBACKUPSETALLDELETEFORCECONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMIZATION启动备份优化：CONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMIZATION备份想备份的文件，如：BACKUPDEVICETYPEDISKCOPIESDATABASEBACKUPNOTBACKEDUPSINCETIME‘SYSDATE–14’DATABASE第86页，共151损坏。如：BACKUPVALIDATEDATABASEARCHIVELOG§9.9rman控制文件（当前或拷贝损坏。如：BACKUPVALIDATEDATABASEARCHIVELOG§9.9rman控制文件（当前或拷贝SHUTDOWNSTARTUP生成当前数据库模式的报告COPYDATAFILE1TO…CURRENTCONTROLFILETOLISTCOPYOFDATABASESHUTDOWN第87页，共151STARTUPCOPYDATAFILECOPY‘/tmp/system01.dbf’TO……CONTROLFILECOPY‘/tmp/control01.ctl’TOSTARTUPCOPYDATAFILECOPY‘/tmp/system01.dbf’TO……CONTROLFILECOPY‘/tmp/control01.ctl’TO如：CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPFORMATFORDEVICETYPE‘c_%F’;CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPFORMATFORDEVICETYPE 1.BACKUPBACKUPDEVICETYPEDISK2.第88页，共151BACKUPDATABASESKIPREADONLYSKIPOFFLINE;CONFIGUREEXCLUDEFORTABLESPACEBACKUPNOTBACKUPEDUPSINCETIME‘SYSDATE-1’FILESPERSETBACKUPDATABASESKIPREADONLYSKIPOFFLINE;CONFIGUREEXCLUDEFORTABLESPACEBACKUPNOTBACKUPEDUPSINCETIME‘SYSDATE-1’FILESPERSETDATABASEPLUSDISKALLOCATECHANNLE{FORMATFORMATFORMATBACKUP}40Grman上，需要把备份分布到多个文件系统中。比如备份到4可文件系统上并每个备份集大致一样大小：10G。如果每个备份片不大于2g，第89页，共151DEVICETYPEPARALLELISM1234DEVICETYPEPARALLELISM1234DEVICETYPETOCONFIGUREDEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISM4;CONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEsbtPARMS='...';BACKUPDEVICETYPEsbtBACKUPSETALLDELETE如果指定或者通过组合backupSpec（ratio第90页，共151CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKPARALLELISM{databasefilesperset=3archivelogallfilesperset=}，k，m，MAXSETSIZECONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKPARALLELISM{databasefilesperset=3archivelogallfilesperset=}，k，m，MAXSETSIZECONFIGUREDEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISMCONFIGUREDEFAULTTYPETOARCHIVELOG=BACKUP或CONFIGUREDEFAULTTYPETOCONFIGUREMAXSETSIZE=BACKUPARCHIVELOGDISKCONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEDISKMAXPIECESIZEBACKUP第91页，共151CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISMDEFAULTDEVICETYPETOCHANNELCONFIGUREDEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISMDEFAULTDEVICETYPETOCHANNEL44423CREATESCRIPT{BACKUPFILESPERSETDATABASEFORMAT}CREATESCRIPT{444BACKUPFILESPERSETDATABASEFORMAT}RUN{EXECUTESCRIPT1001文件，每个备份集最多64个文件，oracle创建16第92页，共1519.Failover略查询v$log来决定当前重做日志的日志序列编号：select9.Failover略查询v$log来决定当前重做日志的日志序列编号：selectfromv$logwherestatus=归档没有归档的日志：sql‘altersystemarchivelogbackuparchivelogfromsequence9100untilsequencebackupdevicetypesbtarchivelogallfromtime‘sysdate-10’all0：BACKUPINCREMENTELEVEL01：BACKUPINCREMENTELEVEL1第93页，共1510级备份。否则的话，rmanparent使表空间或者数据库的备份失败。BACKUPINCREMENTALLEVELTABLESPACEBACKUPINCREMENTALLEVEL2CUMULATIVE0级备份。否则的话，rmanparent使表空间或者数据库的备份失败。BACKUPINCREMENTALLEVELTABLESPACEBACKUPINCREMENTALLEVEL2CUMULATIVE{FORMAT=FORMAT=#channelch1backsupdatafilestoDATAFILE1,2,3,4CHANNEL#channelch2backsupcontrolCHANNELch2/backup/dfcopyto/backup/cf#channelch3backsuparchivedredologstotapeARCHIVELOGFROMTIME'SYSDATE-14'CHANNEL}SHUTDOWNSTARTUPFORCE第94页，共151SHUTDOWNSTARTUPBACKUPCOPIES2INCREMENTALLEVEL0FILESPERSET5ALTERDATABASEDEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISMDEVICETYPETOSHUTDOWNSTARTUPBACKUPCOPIES2INCREMENTALLEVEL0FILESPERSET5ALTERDATABASEDEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISMDEVICETYPETO1DEVICETYPEsbtCONNECT2DEVICETYPEsbtCONNECTBACKUPFILESPERSET(TABLESPACEsystem,tools,users,undotbsCHANNELORA_SBT_TAPE_1)(TABLESPACEcwmlite,drsys,example,indxCHANNELORA_SBT_TAPE_2);BACKUPFILESPERSETARCHIVELOGCATALOGDATAFILECOPYSHUTDOWN第95页，共151STARTUPBACKUPDATABASEKEEPFOREVERNOLOGSTAGCHANGEBACKUPTAG'db_archive_1'SQL'ALTERDATABASEDEFAULTDEVICETOBACKUPRETENTIONPOLICYRECOVERYWINDOWOF4STARTUPBACKUPDATABASEKEEPFOREVERNOLOGSTAGCHANGEBACKUPTAG'db_archive_1'SQL'ALTERDATABASEDEFAULTDEVICETOBACKUPRETENTIONPOLICYRECOVERYWINDOWOF4BACKUPDEVICETYPEsbtARCHIVELOG第96页，共151默认情况下，校验和会在每个block贝中，如果使用NOCHECKSUM选项，校验和不会被计算。如果blockSETMAXCORRUPTFORDATAFILE默认情况下，校验和会在每个block贝中，如果使用NOCHECKSUM选项，校验和不会被计算。如果blockSETMAXCORRUPTFORDATAFILE选项第97页，共151 option...ThenRMANInaccessibledatafiles.Adatafileisonlyconsideredbeendeletedormovedandsocannotberead,makingthemSKIPOfflineSKIPDatafilesinread-only第10RestoringRecovering把数据库置于合适的状态，例如，如果恢复所有的数据文件，那么第10R