新教材高中英语人教版选择性学案UNIT5SectionⅢUsingLanguage

SectionⅢUsingLanguageⅠ.重点单词1．fertilisern．肥料2．nutritionaladj.营养(物)的→nutritiousadj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutritionn．营养；滋养3．alleviatevt.减轻；缓解4．povertyn．贫穷；贫困5．organicadj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的6．pesticiden．杀虫剂；除害药物7．widespreadadj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的8．bacteriumn．细菌→bacteria(pl.)9．digestvt.&vi.消化vt.领会；领悟→digestion10．essentialadj.完全必要的；极其重要的11．mineraln．矿物；矿物质12．alternativen．可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的13．groceryn．食品杂货店→groceries[pl.]食品杂货14．instancen．例子；实例；事例15．depthn．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deepadj.深的16．rootn．根；根茎；根部；根源17．entirelyadv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entireadj.全部的；整个的；完全的18．aspectn．方面；层面Ⅱ.重点短语1．inuse在使用2．inturn相应地；转而；依次；轮流3．asfor关于；至于4．switchto转到；转换到5．turnto求助于；求教于；改用6．focuson集中(注意力、精力等)于7．keeps...freefrom/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)8．forinstance例如；比如9．meetthatneed满足那样的需求Ⅲ.重点句型1．Asforchemicalfertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoo_fast_to_berichinnutrition.至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。2．Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。1eq\a\vs4\al(alleviatevt.减轻；缓解)[典型例句]Nowadays,agreatdealcanbedonetoalleviatebackpain.如今，减轻背部疼痛可以有许多方法。Anumberofmeasuresweretakentoalleviatetheproblem.采取了一系列措施缓解这个问题。[思维拓展]alleviationn．减轻；缓解；缓和；镇痛物[即时训练]Hesaidheandhisorganizationhaveworkedfor36yearsforthealleviation(alleviate)ofpoverty.2digestvt.消化食物；领悟，融会贯通vi.消化n.摘要；文摘[典型例句]Ihavedigestedmostoftheimportantpointsinthebook.我领悟了书中大部分要点。Proteindigestsslowly.蛋白质消化得慢。Thisisadigestoftheweek'snews.这是这周的新闻摘要。[思维拓展]digestionn．消化digestiveadj.消化的；易消化的[即时训练]Thisbookisofgreatvalue.Nothingcanbeenjoyedifyoucan'tdigest(digest)it.3alternativen．可能的选择adj.供选择的；非传统的[典型例句]Eitheralternativeiscorrect.(两种选择中)不论哪一个选择都是正确的。Allthealternativeroutesaregiventocardriversbyputers.所有可供选择的路线都由计算机显示给汽车司机。[思维拓展]alternativeenergy可替代能源analternativeto...……的替代品havethealternativeofdoingsth.有做某事的选择；可以做某事havenoalternativebuttodosth.别无选择只好做某事Youhavethealternativeofspeakingorkeepingquiet.你要么发言，要么保持沉默。Ihadnoalternativebuttoaccepttheoffer.我除了接受该项提议之外，别无选择。[易混辨析]alternative，choice，selectionalternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指“选择，挑选，抉择”。selection指从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。Thewaywasblocked,sowewentbyanalternativeroad.这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。Thestoreoffersawidechoiceoffruitandvegetables.商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。Parentsshouldbecarefulintheirselectionofthemoviestheiryoungchildrensee.家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。[即时训练]Wehadnoalternativebutto_fire(fire)Mary.4eq\a\vs4\al(depthn.向下或向里的距离；深度)[典型例句]Theoilwellextendedseveralhundredsoffeetindepth.油井向下延伸了数百英尺。Hisideaslackdepth.他的想法缺乏深度。[思维拓展]thedepthofacut/wound/crack刀口/伤口/裂口深度thedepthsoftheocean海洋深处liveinthedepthsofthecountry(＝alongwayfromatown)住在偏远地区inthedepthsofwinter(＝whenitiscoldest)在隆冬季节indepth全面地；深入地；详细地beoutofyourdepth在水深没顶(或够不着底)的地方；非某人所能理解；为某人力所不及deepadj.深的；厚的；纵深的；有……深的[即时训练]Ihaven'tlookedatthereportindepthyet.5eq\a\vs4\al(root)[典型例句](1)n.根；根茎；根部；根源Ipulledtheplantupby(＝including)theroots.我把这棵植物连根拔起。Money,orloveofmoney,issaidtobetherootofallevil.有人说钱或爱钱是万恶之源。(2)v.(使)生根；翻寻Trytorootthisplantinthegarden.想办法使这个植物在园子里生根。“Itmustbeheresomewhere，”shesaid,rootingthroughthesuitcase.“它一定就在这里的什么地方，”她一边说一边翻着衣箱。[思维拓展]deepspreadingroots扎得很深的根rootcrops/vegetables根茎作物/蔬菜pigsrootingforfood拱土觅食的猪[即时训练]①Flamencohasitsroots(root)inArabicmusic.②Who'sbeenrooting(root)aroundinmydesk?考点集训一1．Cookingvegetablesreducestheirnutritional(nutrition)value.2．Imageretouchingisatechniquewidespreadly(widespread)usedinimagetampering.3．Therearethreeessentially(essential)differentwaysoftacklingtheproblem.4．Warmmilkistheidealbreedinggroundforbacteria(bacterium)．5．Iamconvinceddigestion(digest)isthegreatsecretoflife.6．Youcanbepaidincashweeklyorbychequemonthly;thosearethetwoalternatives(alternative)．7．Theirpricedependedalmostentirely(entire)ontheirscarcity.8．Manydolphinscandivetodepths(depth)of200metres.9．Theyweredeeply(deep)disturbedbytheaccident.10．Weshouldseebothaspects(aspect)oftheproblem.1eq\a\vs4\al(inturn相应地；转而；依次；轮流)[典型例句]Bybetterunderstandingyourdreams,inturnyouwillbeabletobetterunderstandyourself.通过更好地理解你的梦境，相应地你也可以更好地了解你自己。Theserulesproclaimourrespectforothersandinturngiveusthegiftofself­respectandheightenedself­esteem.这些规范既体现了我们对他人的尊重，也转而赋予我们自重的能力以及更强的自尊心。Therewerecheersforeachofthewomenastheyspokeinturn.当这些女人们逐一发言时，她们每个人都赢得了喝彩声。[思维拓展]byturns轮流；交替takeone'sturn轮流做It'sone'sturntodo轮到某人做某事[即时训练]Theyansweredtheteacher'squestionsinturn.2eq\a\vs4\al(turnto求助于；求教于)[典型例句]Shehasnobodyshecanturnto.她求助无门。Whentheymeetwithnewwords，they'llturntothedictionary.当遇到生词时，他们就查阅字典。[思维拓展]turnagainst反对turnaway回绝turnup调大；出现turnoff关掉turnback往回走turndown关小；调低turnin上交turnon接通；打开[即时训练]Heturnedtohisfatherforadvice.3keep...freeof/from使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)[典型例句]Weshouldkeepthisvillagefreeofpollution.我们要避免这个村庄受到污染。Keepthechildrenfreefromharm.别让孩子们受到伤害。[思维拓展]keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepsth.fromsb.不将某事告诉某人keepsb.doingsth.使某人不停地做某事keepintouchwith与……保持联系keepsb./sth.outofsth.不让某人/某物入内keepaneyeonsth.注意；看守keepondoingsth.继续做某事[即时训练]Hewantstokeephissonfreefromworry.4eq\a\vs4\al(forinstance＝forexample例如；比如)[典型例句]Thereareanumberofimprovements;forinstance,bothmousebuttonscannowbeused.在许多地方有了改进，例如，鼠标的左右键都可以使用了。[思维拓展]常见的表示列举的短语：(1)suchas意为“例如，诸如……之类的”，用来列举同类的人或事物中的几个。放在被列举的人或事物之前。Alotofthingscanberecycled,suchaswastepaper,wasteplasticbags,andoldbatteries.很多东西都可以回收，比如废纸、废塑料袋和旧电池。(2)thatis或namely意为“即，也就是”，用于把同类的人或事物全部列举出来。放在被列举的人或事物之前。Ihavethreefriends,namely,Tom,JackandMike.我有三个朋友，即汤姆、杰克和迈克。(3)forexample意为“例如，比如”，用于列举同类的人或事物中的一个或几个，作插入语，且常用逗号将它与句子其他部分隔开，可位于句首、句中和句末。Mostboysintheclasslikephysics.Tom,forexample,showsaspecialinterestinit.班上的大部分男孩儿都喜欢物理。比如汤姆就对物理特别感兴趣。[即时训练]Therearejobsmoredangerousthantruckdriving;forinstance,traininglions.考点集训二1．There'snotasinglefreevehicle.Allthevehiclesareinuse.2．Theydidtheworkbyturns.3．AsforLauraandme,thecolourofourskinhasnevermattered.4．Thenherthoughtswouldswitchtothepresent.5．Wecanturntohimforhelp.6．Thetalkswillfocusoneconomicdevelopmentoftheregion.7．Youcannotrelyonher,forinstance,shearrivedanhourlateforanimportantmeetingyesterday.8．She'shavingalotoftroublewiththenewputer，butshedoesn'tknowwhomtoturnto.9．Thismeetingfocusedtheworld'sattentiononthepovertyofsomeAfricancountries.10．—Kitty，takeyourumbrella.Itcankeepyourskinfreefrom/ofbeingburnt.—Thankyou，mom.1Asforchemicalfertilisers，cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。[句式分析]toofasttobe...是too...to...结构，该结构意为“太……以致不……，太……而不能……”。其中too是副词，用来修饰形容词/副词，to是动词不定式符号。Theboyistooyoungtounderstandthestory.这个男孩太小，理解不了这个故事。[思维拓展]使用too...to...结构时应注意：(1)句子主语与构成不定式的动词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且构成不定式的动词是及物动词时，不定式中的动词后不能跟宾语。Tomspoketooquicklyforustounderstand.汤姆说话太快了，我们听不懂。(2)句子主语与构成不定式的动词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且构成不定式的动词是不及物动词时，要在动词后加上适当的介词。Thehouseistoosmallforthefamilytolivein.房子太小，那家人住不下。(3)too...to...结构并非总是表示否定意义，在以下几种情况中，too...to...结构表示肯定意义：①not置于动词不定式前，构成too...notto...结构时，原来表示否定意义的不定式再次受到否定，转而表示肯定意义，该结构意为“太……不会不……”或“非常……必定能……”。Heistoocarefulnottohavenoticedthat.他非常小心，肯定注意到了那一点。②too...to...结构前有not，never，nolonger，but，only等词时，这一结构也表示肯定意义。Itisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。③too...to...结构中，too后为anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，excited，ready，satisfied，kind，willing等表示态度、心情、倾向等的形容词时，too相当于verymuch(极其，十分，非常)，此时该结构表示肯定意义。Heistooreadytohelpothers.他十分乐意帮助别人。Heistoopleasedtoreceivetheprettygift.收到这份漂亮的礼物，他非常高兴。[即时训练]Hewastooangryto_say(say)aword.2Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。[句式分析]这是一个复合句。Whatkeepsthemfromdoingso是主语从句；thatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld是同位语从句。其中keep...fromdoingso是keep...fromdoingsth.“阻止……做某事”结构。同义表达还有：stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事[方法规律]这三个结构的主动语态中只有keep...from...中from不能省略；在被动语态中，三个from均不可省略。[即时训练]Therainkeptusfromgoingout.考点集训三1．Beforeanearthquake，thepigsandchickensareusuallytoonervousto_eat(eat)．2．Theyaretooyoungto_understand(understand)whatisgoingon.3．Theheavyrainkeptthesoldiersfromcrossing(cross)theriver.4．Theywerekeptfromenteringthebuilding.Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thedrugwillalleviate(减轻)hersuffering.2．Therearealternativesourcesofnutrition(营养)toanimalmeat.3．Manyelderlypeopleliveinpoverty(贫穷)．4．Organic(有机的)foodisunadulteratedfoodproducedwithoutartificialchemicalsorpesticides.5．Theyfoundabacterium(细菌)visibletothehuman