VisceralNervousSystem内脏神经系统

VisceralNervousSystem

内脏神经系统★Composition

内脏运动神经Visceralmotornerves(autonomicnerve)交感部Sympatheticnerve副交感部Parasympatheticnerve内脏感觉神经Visceralsensorynervesdistribution

viscera,cardiovascularsystem,smoothmuscleandsecretorygland.

内脏运动神经又称自主神经或植物神经autonomicnerveVisceralNervousSystem

内脏感觉中继核（孤束核）一般内脏运动核（副交感低级中枢：动眼神经副核，上、下泌涎核，迷走神经背核）心血管运动调节中枢（延髓）呼吸运动调节中枢（延髓、脑桥）交感低级中枢（T1-L2或L3中间带外侧核）副交感低级中枢（S2-S4骶副交感核）脊髓内脏感觉神经副交感神经内脏神经系统组成概括如下：交感神经（颈、胸、腰、盆部）颅部：行于动眼、面神经、舌咽、迷走神经内骶部：盆内脏神经周围部内脏神经系统中枢部内脏运动神经脊神经节脑神经节膝神经节、舌咽神经下节、迷走神经下节脑干间脑---情绪行为、体温摄食、水平衡、心血管、内分泌生物节律调节中枢大脑---边缘叶、新皮质内脏功能调节中枢SomaticandVisceralMotorNervousSystemMainDifferencesBetweenSomaticMotor

andVisceralMotorn.

SomaticVisceralEffectorsSkeletalmusclesSmoothandcardiacmuscleandglandsMovement

ConsciousUnconsciousregulationFromlowercentertoeffectSingleneuronOnesynapseTwoneurons:preganglionicneuronandpostganglionicneuronTwosynapsesKindoffibersOneTwo:sympathetic¶sympatheticFibersThickmyelinatedPreganglionic:thinmyelinatedpostganglionic:unmyelinatedDistributiveformNervetrunkNerveplexuses内脏躯体意志差，器官成分各不同，节前节后多一个，有髓无髓干丛分。SympatheticPart

交感部LowercenterLocatedinintermediolateralnucleus(lateralgrayhorn)ofspinalcordsegmentsT1~L3PeripheralpartSympathetictrunk交感干Sympatheticganglion交感神经节Paravertebralganglia

椎旁神经节Prevertebralganglia

椎前神经节ParavertebralGanglia椎旁神经节ArrangedoneithersideofvertebralcolumnConsistof19－24ofoval-shapedganglia

3－4cervicalganglia10－12thoracicganglia4lumbarganglia2－3sacralgangliaCoccygealganglion（Ganglionimpar）奇神经节:unpairedontheanteriorfaceofcoccyx

SympatheticTrunk交感干FormedbyparavertebralgangliaandinterganglionicbranchesLieoneithersideofvertebralcolumnfrombaseofskulltococcyxThetrunksoftwosideuniteinfrontofthecoccyxatasmallswelling,theganglionimparPrevertebralGanglia椎前节LieanteriortovertebralcolumnandnearthearteriesforwhichtheyarenamedMaingangliaCeliacganglion

腹腔神经节Aorticorenalganglion

主动脉肾神经节Superiormesentericganglion

肠系膜上神经节Inferiormesentericganglion

肠系膜下神经节SympatheticPathwaystoPeripheryPreganglionicfiberswhitecommunicatingbranchesSympathetictrunk

15pairs(onlyspinallevelsT1~L3havewhitecommunicatingbranch)

ThreewaysofPreganglionicFibers1.Relayincorrespondingganglion2.Toascendordescendinsympathetictrunkwithrelayinhigherorlowerganglia3.Totraversethegangliaintact

andrelayinprevertebralganglia

ThreewaysofPostganglionicFibers1.Backtoaspinalnervealonggraycommunicatingbranches灰交通支(31pairs)

toterminateinbloodvessels,arrectormuscles竖毛肌andsweatglandsofhead,neck,trunkandlimbs2.Thefibersformtheirnetworksaroundbloodvesselspassingtovisceralendorgans3.TerminatedirectlyincertainorgansDistributionofSympatheticNerveParavertebralGangliainneckSuperiorcervicalganglion

颈上神经节LargestsituatedinfrontoftransverseprocessesofC1~C3vertebraMiddlecervicalganglion颈中神经节SmallestAtleveloftransverseprocessesofC6vertebraInferiorcervicalganglion颈下神经节SituatedatlevelofC7vertebraMaybefusedwithfirstthoracicgangliontoformcervicothoracicganglion

颈胸神经节椎动脉神经节颈上心神经颈中心神经颈下心神经DistributionofSympatheticNervePostganglionicfibersofcervicalsympathatictrunkBacktocervicalnervesalonggraycommunicatingbranchestoterminateinbloodvessels,arrectorpilimusclesandsweatglandsofhead,neckandupperlimbsToformsinternalandexternalcarotidplexuses,subclavianplexusandvertebralplexus→e.g.dilatorpupillaeGivesraisepharyngealbranchesGivesraisesuperior,middleandinferiorcervicalcardiacnervesDistributionofSympatheticNervePostganglionicfibersofthoracicsympathatictrunkBacktothoracicnervesalonggraycommunicatingbranchestoterminateinbloodvessels,arrectormusclesandsweatglandsofthoracicandabdominalwallsPostganglionicfibers

ofT1－T5toformsthoracicaortic,esophageal,pulmonaryandcardiacplexusesDistributionofSympatheticNervePreganglionicFibersGreatersplanchnicnerve

内脏大神经

FormedbypreganglionicfibersfromT5~T9gangliaRelayinceliacganglionLessersplanchnicnerve

内脏小神经

FormedbypreganglionicfibersfromT10~T12gangliaRelayinaorticorenalganglion

Thepostganglionicfiberssupplytheliver,spleen,kidneyandalimentarytractasfarastheleftcolicflexure.DistributionofSympatheticNervePostganglionicfibersoflumbarsympathatictrunkBacktolumbarnervesalonggraycommunicatingbranchesPreganglionicfibersoflumbarsympathatictrunkLumbarsplanchnicnerve

腰内脏神经FormedbypreganglionicfibersfromL1~L4gangliaRelayinprevertebralgangliaThepostganglionicfiberssupplydescendingandsigmoidcolon,rectum,pelvicvisceraandlowerlimbs.DistributionofSympatheticNervePostganglionicfibersofsacralsympathatictrunkBacktosacralandcoccygealnervesalonggraycommunicatingbranchesSmallbranches→pelvicplexus腹腔内结肠

左曲以下的消化管

盆腔脏器

下肢血管、汗腺、竖毛肌脊髓胸1～5节

段中间外侧核头、颈、

胸腔脏器、

上肢血管、汗腺、竖毛肌脊髓胸5～12节

段中间外侧核肝、脾、肾、

腹腔内结肠

左曲以上的消化管脊髓上腰段

中间外侧核DistributionofSympatheticNervePreganglionicfibersPostganglionicfibersT1~T5Head,neck,upperlimbandthoracicorgansT5~T12Abdominalviscera(theliver,spleen,kidneyandalimentarytractasfarastheleftcolicflexure.)L1~L3descendingandsigmoidcolon,rectum,PelvicvisceraandlowerlimbParasympatheticPart副交感部Lowercenter

Generalvisceralmotornuclei(fourpairs)inbrainstemSacralparasympatheticnucleusofspinalcordsegmentsS2~S4PeripheralpartParasympatheticganglionNearorwithinthewallofavisceralorganParasympatheticganglionPara-organganglia

器官旁节Ciliaryganglion

睫状神经节Pterygopalatineganglion

翼腭神经节Oticganglion

耳神经节Submandibularganglion

下颌下神经节

Intra-organganglia

器官内节

CranialoutflowofParasympatheticNerve副交感神经颅部ⅢciliaryganglionsphincterpupillaeandciliarymusclespterygopalatineganglionⅦlacrimalglandsubmandibularganglionsublingualglandsubmandibularglandⅨoticganglionparotidglandⅩterminalganglia终神经节heart,lungs,liver,spleenkidneys,alimentarytractas

faras

leftcolicflexureCranialoutflowofParasympatheticNerve

Ⅲaccessoryoculomotornucleus〈○sphincterpupillaeandciliarymuscles

ciliaryganglion

pterygopalatineganglion

Ⅶ〈○lacrimalglandsuperiorsalivatorynucleus〈○

sublingualgland

submandibularganglionsubmandibulargland

Ⅸinferiorsalivatornucleus〈○parotidgland

oticganglion

Ⅹheart,lungs,liver,spleen,dorsalnucleusofvagusn.〈○kidneys,alimentarytractterminalgangliaas

faras

leftcolicflexure

SacraloutflowofParasympatheticNerve副交感神经骶部PreganglionicfibersfromsacralparasympatheticnucleusleavespinalcordwithanteriorrootsofthespinalnervesS2~S4Leavesacralnervesandformpelvicsplanchnicnerve

盆内脏神经andtravelbywayofpelvicplexustoterminalgangliainpelviccavityPostganglionicfibersterminateindescendingandsigmoidcolon,rectumandpelvicvisceraMainDifferencesBetween

SympatheticandParasympathetic

SympatheticParasympatheticLowercenterIntermediolateralnucleus(lateralgrayhorn)ofspinalcordsegmentsT1~L3Fourpairsgeneralvisceralmotornuclei

andsacralparasympatheticnucleusGangliaParavertebral,prevertebralPara-organandintra-organgangliaPreganglionicf.ShorterLongerPostganglionicf.LongerShorterPre:Postganglionic1:manymore1:afewDistributionsThroughoutthebodyLimitedprimarilytoheadandvisceraofthorax,abdomen,andpelvisDifferentaction“fight,flight,orfright”Activatedduringexercise,excitement,andemergenciesConcernedwithconservingenergyMainDifferencesBetween

SympatheticandParasympatheticSympatheticParasympatheticDifferentactionPreparesforemergencysituation(fightorflight)Conserveandrestorebodyenergy(restandrelaxation)PupilDilatesConstrictsHeartIncreasesforceofcontractionDecreasesforceofcontractionRhythmoftheheartTobecomemorerapidTomakeslowBloodpressureHeightenDepressBronchiDilatesbronchiConstrictsbronchi腰1腰3是交感，脑干骶髓副交感，前短后长是交感，前长后短副交感，分布广泛是交感，局限分布副交感，危机时刻靠交感，休息储能副交感。

VisceralPlexusesCardiacplexuses心丛

Superficial,belowaorticarchDeep,anteriortobifurcationoftracheaPulmonaryplexus

肺丛

VisceralPlexusesCeliacplexus腹腔丛

Abdominalaorticplexus腹主动脉丛Hypogastricplexus腹下丛SuperiorhypogastricplexusInferiorhypogastricplexus(p