洪开荣-中国大陆综合管廊的前景与困境(双语最终版4-23)

0ProspectsandDifficultiesofUndergroundCommonUtilityTunnelsinChina中国地下综合管廊的前景与困境洪开荣中铁隧道集团有限公司2017国际隧道及地下工程高峰论坛

2017InternationalSummitonTunnelandUndergroundWorks

城市地下管廊规划、设计、施工、运营及融资

UrbanUndergroundUtilities-Planning,Design,Construction,OperationandFinancing

25thto26thApril2017–ChengduSummary内容提要一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina二、大陆综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina三、中国大陆综合管廊的困境与对策III.ChallengesandSolutionsregardingSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina1一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina1大陆综合管廊发展历程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

中国大陆第一条综合管廊于1958年建造于北京天安门广场下，为一条埋深7～8m、宽4m、高3m、长1076m的综合管廊（热力、电力、通信，预留给水）。ThefirstsynthesispipetrenchofChinawasbuiltbelowtheTiananmenSquareinBeijingin1958,whichisasynthesispipegallery4mwide,3mhigh,1,076mlongandwithaburialdepthof7-8m(thermal,power,communicationandreservedforwatersupply).1977年，又建造了相同断面的综合管廊，长约500m。

In1977,thesynthesispipegalleryabout500mlongwiththesamesectionwasalsobuilt.2

1994年，在上海浦东新区张杨路人行道下，修建了2条宽5.9m、高2.6m、双孔各长5.6km，共约11.2km的支管综合管廊，容纳了煤气、通信、上水、电力等管线，它是我国第一条较具规模、并投入运营的真正意义上的综合管廊。这一时期为我国综合管廊初步阶段，其建设投资和管理均有政府承担。

In1994,2synthesispipegalleriesforbranchpipes5.9mwide,2.6mhighandabout11.2kmlong(5.6kmforeach)werebuiltbelowthesidewalkofZhangyangRoadinPudongNewAreainShanghaiforaccommodatinggas,communication,waterandpowerpipelines,whicharethefirstbatchofsynthesispipegallerywithlargescalesandhavingbeenputintooperationinChina.ThisperiodisthegerminalstageinChina,theconstructioninvestmentandoperationmanagementwereundertakenbygovernment.3一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

1大陆综合管廊发展历程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

21世纪初，大陆综合管廊才进入起步发展阶段。如2001年，在济南市泉城路改建工程中，在道路南北两侧各建一条综合管廊，全长1450m，廊高2.75m，埋深1.5～2m，采用现浇钢筋混凝土结构。Atthebeginningof21thcentury,itwentintotheprimarydevelopmentstage.In2001,eachonesynthesispipegallerywasbuiltonsouthandnorthsidesoftheroadintheQuanchengRoadreconstructionworksofJinanrespectively,whichispouredwithconcrete,withatotallengthof1,450m,heightof2.75mandburieddepthof1.5-2m.41大陆综合管廊发展历程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2003年底，在广州大学城建成了全长17.4km，断面为7m×2.8m的地下综合管廊，也国内第一条种类最齐全的综合管廊工程。其投资有政府承担，由专业公司进行管理和服务。

Inlate2003,theundergroundsynthesispipegallerywithatotallengthof17.4kmandsectionsizeof7m×2.8mwasbuiltinHEMC,whichisthemostcompletesynthesispipegalleryworkinChina.Thisprojectwasinvestedbygovernment,theoperationandmanagementareundertakenbyaprofessionalcompany.51大陆综合管廊发展历程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2007年，武汉市王家墩商务区综合管廊工程建成管廊长度：6.8km，容纳管线：110KV电力、10KV电力、通信、给水管，断面形式：双仓断面及部分单仓。这是大陆第一条应用社会资金修建、并移交政府部门管理的综合管廊In2007,thesynthesispipegalleryworkinWangjiadunCBDinWuhanwascompleted.Lengthofpipegallery:6.8kmPipelinestobeaccommodated:110KVpowerpipelinesand10KVpower,communicationandwatersupplypipelines.Sectionforms:Two-cabinandsomesingle-cabinsectionsThisisthefirstsynthesispipegallery,whichwasinvestedbysocialcapitalandtransferredtogovernmentformanagement.61大陆综合管廊发展历程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2009年，上海世博园区综合管廊工程建成，管廊长度：约6.0km；容纳管线：110KV电力、10KV电力、通信、给水管，断面形式：双仓断面及部分单仓；首次采用了预制构件建设综合管廊。

这一时期对综合管廊的建设投资模式与运行管理进行了探索。In2009,thesynthesispipegalleryworkinShanghaiExpoParkwascompleted.Lengthofpipegallery:About6.0km;Pipelinestobeaccommodated:110KVpowerpipelinesand10KVpower,communicationandwatersupplypipelines.Sectionforms:Two-cabinandsomesingle-cabinsections;Itwasthefirstprojecttobeconstructedwiththeprefabricatedelements.Inthisperiod,theinvestmentandoperationmanagementmodeswereexplored.71大陆综合管廊发展历程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2010年后，大陆的综合管廊建设进入兴起阶段。如2010年，无锡太湖新城综合管廊工程建成，管廊长度：17.0km，容纳管线：220KV电力、110KV电力、20KV电力、通信、给水管、中水管；断面形式：双仓断面及部分单仓。2015年后才进入快速发展阶段。

After2010,theconstructionofsynthesispipegalleryinChinawentintotherisestage.In2010,thesynthesispipegalleryworkinTaihuNewTowninWuxiwascompleted.Lengthofpipegallery:17.0kmPipelinestobeaccommodated:220KVpowerpipeline,110KVpowerpipelineand20KVpower,communication,watersupplyandrecycledwaterpipelines.Sectionforms:Two-cabinandsomesingle-cabinsectionsAfter2015.itwentintorapiddevelopmentstage.81大陆综合管廊发展历程1DevelopmentofsynthesispipegalleryinChina

一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2大陆综合管廊的现状2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina到2013年底，北京、上海、济南、广州、武汉、无锡等多个城市，在规划综合管廊的基础上，建成了800多km的综合管廊。Bytheendof2013,theundergroundsynthesispipegallerieswithtotallengthofover800kmhavebeenplannedandcompletedinBeijing,Shanghai,Jinan,Guangzhou,WuhanandWuxietc.但是总体来讲，大陆综合管廊建设法律法规不完善、技术规范不健全、投融资和运营模式不明确等问题，严重制约了综合管廊建设的快速发展，2013年以前，“建成规模小，管线种类少”是大陆已建成综合管廊的普遍特征；同时建成的综合管廊实际利用率不高。Ingeneral,therulesandregulationsconcerningtheconstructionofsynthesispipegalleriesareincomplete,technicalspecificationsareimperfectandtheinvestandoperationmodesarenotclear,seriouslyrestrictingtherapiddevelopmentoftheconstructionofsynthesispipegalleries.Before2013,thecompletedsynthesispipegalleriesinChinahavesuchfeaturesas"smallscaleandfewtypesofpipelines".9一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

《国务院关于加强城市基础设施建设的意见》（国发〔2013〕36号）

OpinionsoftheStateCouncilonStrengtheningtheConstructionofUrbanInfrastructures(GF[2013]No.36)

10“开展城市地下综合管廊试点，⽤3年左右时间，在全国36个⼤中城市全⾯启动地下综合管廊试点工程；中小城市因地制宜建设一批综合管廊项⽬。新建道路、城市新区和各类园区地下管⽹应按照综合管廊模式进行开发建设”。"Carryoutpilotprojectforurbanundergroundthatlaunchpilotprojectofundergroundutilitytunnelswithin3yearsin36largeandmedium-sizedcities;forsmall-sizedcities,someprojectswillbelaunchedaccordingtothelocalconditions.Undergroundpipenetworksfornewly-builtroads,newurbanareaandvariousparksshallbeinaccordancewiththemodeloffordevelopmentandconstruction."2大陆综合管廊的现状2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

《国务院办公厅关于加强城市地下管线建设管理的指导意见》（国办发〔2014〕27号）GuidingOpinionsofTheStateCouncilonStrengtheningtheConstructionManagementofUrbanUndergroundPipelines(GBF[2014]No.27)

11“力争用5年时间，完成城市地下老旧管网改造，将管网漏失率控制在国家标准以内，显著降低管网事故率，避免重大事故发生。用10年左右时间，建成较为完善的城市地下管线体系，使地下管线建设管理水平能够适应经济社会发展需要，应急防灾能力大幅提升”。

"Completethetransformationofoldandusedundergroundpipenetworkswithin5yearsaspossible,controltheleakrateofpipenetworkwithinthenationalstandard,significantlyreducetheaccidentrateofpipenetworksandpreventtheoccurrenceofmajoraccident.Buildperfecturbanundergroundpipelinesystemwithin10yearstomaketheconstructionmanagementofundergroundpipelinesadapttotherequirementsofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandsignificantlyincreasethedisaster-preventionandemergencyresponsecapability."2大陆综合管廊的现状2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

《国务院办公厅关于推进城市地下综合管廊建设的指导意见》（国办发〔2015〕61号）

GuidingOpinionsofTheStateCouncilonPromotingtheConstructionofUrbanUndergroundSynthesisPipeGallery(GBF[2015]No.61)

12提高城市综合承载能力和城镇化发展质量；Improvethecomprehensivebearingcapacityofthecityandthequalityofurbanization;拉动社会资本投入、打造经济发展新动力。

Stimulatesocialcapitalinvestmentandbuildnewpowerforeconomicdevelopment.2大陆综合管廊的现状2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2016《综合管廊和海绵城市建设国家建筑标准设计体系》

2016NationalBuildingStandardDesignSystemforUrbanSynthesisPipeGalleryandSpongeCityConstruction132大陆综合管廊的现状2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina城市综合管廊国家建筑标准设计体系Nationalbuildingstandarddesignsystemforurbansynthesispipegallery

总体设计Generaldesign

结构工程Structureworks

专项管线Specialpipeline

附属设施Auxiliaryfacilities

总体设计及图示Generaldesignandschematicdiagram

BIM应用BIMapplication

技术措施Technicalmeasures

现浇混凝土结构Cast-in-placeconcretestructure

预制混凝土结构Precastconcretestructure

基坑支护及地基处理Foundationpitsupportingandfoundationtreatment

附属构筑物Auxiliarystructures

给排水管道Watersupply/drainagepipeline

热力管道Thermalpipeline

燃气管道Gaspipeline

缆线Cable

消防设施Firecontrolfacilities

排水设施Drainagefacilities

通风设施Ventilationfacilities

监控与报警系统Monitoringandalarmsystem

供配电系统Powersupplyanddistributionsystem

燃气管道舱室配套设施Auxiliaryfacilitiesforgaspipelinecabins

一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2015年试点城市Pilotcityin20152016年国家第二批试点2ndbatchofpilotcity2017年政府工作报告2017governmentworkreport包头、沈阳、哈尔滨、苏州、厦门、十堰、长沙、海口、六盘水、白银，10个10cities:Baotou,Shwnyang,Haerbing,Suzhou,Xiamen,Shiyan,Changsha,Haikou,Liupanshui,Baiyin郑州、广州、石家庄、四平、青岛、威海、杭州、保山、南宁、银川、平潭、景德镇、成都、合肥、海东，15个15cities:Zhengzhou,Guangzhou,Shijiazhuang,Siping,Qingdao,Weihai,Hangzhou,Baoshan,Nanning,Yinchuan,pingtan,Jingdezhen,Chengdu,Hefei,Haidong李克强总理作政府工作报告时提出，2017年将开工建设城市地下综合管廊2000km以上。PremierLiKeqiangpointsoutingovernmentworkreportthatmorethan2000kmofutilitytunnelswillbeconstructedin2017.

2015年大陆综合管廊建设进入国家整体推进阶段。In2015,constructionofsynthesispipegallerywentintointegrationpromotionstageatstatelevel.2大陆综合管廊的现状2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2015年，国家推进的第一批10个试点城市地下综合管廊建设，共规划建设470.15km，已建成165.38km。In2015,constructionofurbanundergroundsynthesispipegalleryinthefirst10pilotcitiesispromoted,withthetotalplanninglengthof470.15kmand165.38kmbuilt.截止到2016年底第一批试点城市综合管廊建设情况一览表Constructionconditionsofsynthesispipegalleryonthefirstbatchofpilotcitiesbytheendof2016

19一、中国大陆综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina编号SerialNumber

城市City

规划建设里程（km）Plannedconstructionmileage(km)已建成（km）Mileagebuilt(km)剩余（km）Mileageremained(km)包头市BaotouCity哈尔滨市Harbin厦门市XiamenCity长沙市Changsha六盘水市LiupanshuiCity沈阳市Shenyang苏州市SuzhouCity十堰市ShiyanCity海口市Haikou白银市BaiyinCity2大陆综合管廊的现状2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina20一、我国综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina2016年，又新增第二批15个综合管廊试点城市，共规划建设1578.95km，已建成397.52km。In2016,another15citiesjoinedasthesecondbatchofpilotcitiesofsynthesispipegallery,withthetotalplanninglengthof1578.95kmandcompletionlengthof397.52km.截止到2016年底第二批试点城市综合管廊建设情况一览表Constructionconditionsofsynthesispipegalleryonthesecondbatchofpilotcitiesbytheendof2016编号SerialNumber

试点城市Pilotcity

规划建设里程（km）Plannedconstructionmileage(km)

已建（km）Mileagebuilt(km)

剩余（km）Mileageremained(km)

广州市Guangzhou石家庄市Shijiazhuang四平市SipingCity青岛市QingdaoCity威海市WeihaiCity杭州市Hangzhou保山市BaoshanCity南宁市Nanning银川市Yinchuan平潭市PingtanCity2大陆综合管廊的现状2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina21一、我国综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina2016年，又新增第二批15个综合管廊试点城市，共规划建设1578.95km，已建成397.52km。In2016,another15citiesjoinedasthesecondbatchofpilotcitiesofsynthesispipegallery,withthetotalplanninglengthof1578.95kmandcompletionlengthof397.52km.截止到2016年底第二批试点城市综合管廊建设情况一览表Constructionconditionsofsynthesispipegalleryonthesecondbatchofpilotcitiesbytheendof2016

编号SerialNumber

试点城市Pilotcity

规划建设里程（km）Plannedconstructionmileage(km)

已建成（km）Mileagebuilt(km)

剩余（km）Mileageremained(km)

景德镇市JingdezhenCity成都市Chengdu郑州市Zhengzhou合肥市Hefei海东市HaidongCity2大陆综合管廊的现状2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina据不完全统计：截至2016年底，全国147个城市28个县已累计开工建设城市地下综合管廊2005km。Accordingtoincompletestatistics:bytheendof2016,atotalof147citiesand28countieshaveconstructed2005kmtotallyforurbanundergroundsynthesispipegallery.222大陆综合管廊的现状2Currentsituationof

SynthesisPipeGalleryinChina一、我国综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina3国内综合管廊建设的主要问题3KeyissuesinconstructionofsynthesispipegalleryinChina一是建设与管理体制的问题，地下综合管廊属于市政公用基础设施，带有公共产品性质，政府在综合管廊建设中应起主导作用，但由于财政资金的有限和市场经济的主导地位，因此不可避免涉及到谁牵头？、谁出资？、谁来建？、谁入廊？，谁来管？的系列相关问题，目前仅上海就存在：有属于城市道路管理部门的（浦东张杨路综合管廊），有属于政府管理部门的（世博园区综合管廊），也有属于各开发公司管理的（松江新城综合管廊）等，所以我国的当务之急是建立适合我国国情的综合管廊建设与管理体制。Oneistheconstructionandmanagementsystemofundergroundpipegallery.Itbelongstothemunicipalpublicinfrastructurewiththenatureofpublicproducts,thegovernmentshouldplayaleadingroleinthepipegalleryconstruction.Butduetothelimitedfinancialcapitalanddominanceofthemarketeconomy,itinevitablyinvolvesaseriesofrelatedproblems,suchaswholeads?Whofunds?Whobuilds?Whoentersthegallery?Whomanagements?AtpresentsuchissuesexistinShanghai:someutilitytunnelsbelongtothecityroadmanagementdepartment(PudongZhangYangRoadpipegallery),sometunnelsbelongtogovernmentdepartments(ExpoGallery),sometunnelsbelongtothedevelopmentcompany(Songjianggallery),soitisurgenttoestablishtheconstructionandmanagementsystemofpipegallerybeingsuitableforchina.19一、我国综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina二是技术标准与城市发展的协调性问题，尽管近几年我国制定了多部国家与地方性的综合管廊规划、建设等规范与标准，但由于城市总体规划不全、不深、不细，加之各管线部门几乎都属于垄断性行业，他们之间几乎没有交集，导致综合管廊的建设具有一定的盲从性。如上海最早建的张杨路地下管廊，当时廊内铺设的上水管道直径300毫米，而现在的水管直径需要在1.5米以上，根本达不到供水要求。而一个地下管廊工程的普遍寿命都应在百年以上。Thetwoproblemisthecoordinationoftechnicalstandardsandthecitydevelopment.Inrecentyears,manynationalandlocalstandardsregardingpipegalleryplanningandconstructionhavebeenmadeinChina,butbecausethemasterplanofthecityisnotfull,notdeep,notfine,thepipelinesectorisalmostamonopolyoftheindustry,itresultsinthattheconstructionofpipegalleryhascertainblindness.SuchasthefirstbuiltutilitytunnelinShanghai,ZhangYangRoadundergroundpipegallery,thediameterofwaterpipesinstalledinthegalleryareof300mm,butnowthediameterofthepipeneedstobemorethan1.5meters.Soitcannotmeetthewatersupplyrequirements.Thegenerallifespanofanundergroundpipegalleryshouldbemorethanonehundredyears.203国内综合管廊建设的主要问题3KeyissuesinconstructionofsynthesispipegalleryinChina一、我国综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina内容提要Summary一、我国综合管廊的发展历程与现状I.DevelopmentandCurrentSituationofSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina三、我国综合管廊的困境与对策III.ChallengesandSolutionsregardingSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina24二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

近二十多年来，我国地下工程建设发展迅速，特别是城市地铁的建设，为城市综合管廊的施工奠定了良好的基础。综合管廊作为公用隧道，其隧道埋深相对较浅，主要的施工方法有：明挖法、暗挖法；而暗挖法又可以分为浅埋暗挖、顶管法、盾构法等。近年来我国装备水平的提高，有力地促进了隧道施工技术的进步。Inthepasttwentyyears,theconstructionofundergroundprojectsinourcountryhasenjoyedrapiddevelopment,especiallytheconstructionofmunicipalsubways,whichprovidesfavorablefoundationfortheconstructionofmunicipalsynthesispipegallery.Aschannelsforpublic,synthesispipegalleryhasshallowchannels,sothemainconstructionmethodsare:open-cutmethodandclose-cutmethod;theclose-cutmethodcanbeseparatedintoshallowminingmethod,pipejackingmethod,shieldmethod,etc.Withthelevelimprovementoftheequipmentinourcountry,thetechniquesoftunnelconstructionenjoysgreatprogress.33新城区：在交通与地下空间开发时，同步实现新城区综合管廊系统化建设。Newdowntownarea:Achievesystematicconstructionofinnewdowntownareasimultaneouslywiththedevelpmentoftrafficandundergroundspace25老城区：配合改造工程与地铁建设，逐步建设管廊系统。Olddowntownarea:Cooperatewithreconstructionprojectandsubwayconstruction,constructpipegallerysystemgradually.重要节点：优先建设，后期建设的主管廊或支线管廊与节点连接形成系统。Importantnodes:Constructwithpriority.Mainpipegalleryorbranchpipegalleryconstructedinlaterperiodshallbeconnectedwithnodestoformasystem.综合管廊专项规划Specializedplanningfor综合管廊建设Synthesispipegalleryconstruction指导Guide

承担Undertake

管廊运营公司管理Pipegalleryoperationcompanymanagement同步施工Constructincombination

优先选择Givepreference

配合改造工程完成Cooperatewithreconstructionproject

新区Newarea过河、铁路等关键点Keypointsincludingrivercrossingandrailway老城区Olddowntownarea与道路同步施工Constructincombinationwithroad

一体化设计Integrateddesign

弹性规划Flexiblyplan

鼓励开发商参与Encouragethedeveloperinparticipation

同步施工Constructincombination

一体化设计Integrateddesign

整合更新Integrateandupdate

统筹规划Overallplan

主干道干线型管廊Trunkpipegalleryinthemainroad公共地下空间设施Publicundergroundspacefacility次干线上支线型管廊Branchpipegalleryinsub-trunkline主体连接后Afterthemainbodyisconnected

结合轨道交通建设Incombinationwiththeconstructionofrailtransit结合地下空间开发建设Incombinationwiththedevelopmentandconstructionofundergroundspace配合市政管线更新改造Coordinatewiththeupdateandreconstructionofutilitypipelines结合人防工程建设Incombinationwiththeconstructionofcivilairdefenseproject建成Built

建成Built

建成Built

逐步建设管廊系统Constructpipegallerysystemgradually

调试成功Commissioninsuccess

交付使用Deliver

搭建管廊监测平台Constructmonitoringplatformofpipegallery与智慧城市信息平台对接Coordinatewithinformationplatformofsmartcity大陆推进综合管廊建设的步序ConstructionstepsofpipegallaeyinChina二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

明挖现浇施工法，我国大部分地铁车站都是采用此法施工；综合管廊埋深浅，其优势更明显，在新城区建设非常适合，其造价低、速度快，而且基本无风险。Open-cutcast-in-situconstructionmethodisusuallyusedtobuildsubwaystationinChina;sincethesynthesispipegalleryhasshallowburieddepth,whichisamoreobviousadvantage,andcanbeconstructedinlowcost,fastspeedandwithoutanyrisks,itisverysuitableforthenewdowntownarea.341明挖现浇施工方法1Open-cutcast-in-situconstructionmethod

一、明挖法I.Open-cutmethod

二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

珠海横琴综合管廊2010年开始建设，基坑采用先随道路同步进行软基处理，后支护明挖方式。根据不同地质条件，施工过程中因地制宜地采用灌注桩、钢板桩、护壁锚杆等不同支护方法，于2013年11月投入使用。ThesynthesispipegalleryinHengqin,Zhuhaibegantobebuiltin2010withafoundationpithandledinthewayinwhichitwasexperiencedthesoftfoundationtreatmentalongwiththeroadsandthensupportingopen-cutmethod.Accordingtodifferentgeologicalconditions,differentsupportingmethodslikecast-in-placepiles,steelsheetpilesandwall-protectionanchorbolts.ThesynthesispipegallerycameintouseinNovember,2013.软基处理施工Softfoundationtreatment基坑支护施工Foundationpitsupporting变形缝节点处理Treatmentofdeformationjointnodes361明挖现浇施工方法1Open-cutcast-in-situconstructionmethod

二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

上海世博会地下综合管廊选用“现浇”和“预制拼装”法施工，其中，明挖现浇段总长6.2km，预制混凝土管廊总长200m。工程于2009年完工。Cast-in-situandprefabricatedassemblymethodsareusedtoconstructtheundergroundsynthesispipegalleryinShanghaiWorldExpo,amongwhichtheopen-cutcast-in-situsectionistotally6.2kmlongwhiletheprefabricatedconcretepipegalleryistotally200mlong.Theprojectwascompletedin2009.351明挖现浇施工方法1

Open-cutcast-in-situconstructionmethod

综合管沟断面示意图Crosssectionaldiagramofsynthesispipetrench主要道路Mainroads

覆土层Overburden

综合管沟Synthesispipetrench

通信导管Communicationconduit电力电缆Powercable蒸汽管Steampipe冷热进水管Cold/hotinletpipe冷热回水管Cold/hotreturnpipe气力输送管Pneumaticconveyingpipe供水管Watersupplypipe二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

明挖预制拼装法是一种较为先进的施工法，综合管廊预制拼装技术是国际综合管廊发展趋势之一，可大幅降低施工成本，提高施工质量，节约施工工期。目前我国已开始大面积的推广应用。该法在季节性影响大的地区更具优势，断面形式可以多样化。Open-cutprefabricatedassemblymethodisarelativelyadvancedconstructionmethod.Theprefabricatedassemblyofsynthesispipegalleryisoneoftheinternationaldevelopmenttrends,whichcangreatlyreducetheconstructioncost,improveconstructionqualityandsavetheconstructiontime.Sofar,thismethodhasbeenwidelyappliedinChina.Thismethodwillbemorecompetentintheregiondeeplyaffectedbytheseasonsduetoitsvarioussectionforms.2014年青岛蓝色硅谷道预制综合管廊PrefabricatedsynthesispipegalleryinOceantechValley,Qingdaoin20142明挖预制拼装法2

Open-cutprefabricatedassemblymethod

2015年沈阳浑南预制综合管廊PrefabricatedsynthesispipegalleryinHunnan,Shenyangin201537二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2明挖预制拼装法2

Open-cutprefabricatedassemblymethod

38二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2016年10月28日住建部：城市地下管线管理条例（征求意见稿）第三十二条，指出：综合管廊工程建设应当符合国家标准规范的要求。鼓励综合管廊主体结构构件标准化，采用预制拼装技术，促进包括工业构件生产、施工设备制造等产业发展。OnOctober28,2016,MinistryofHousingandUrban-ruraldevelopment:thethirty-seconditemofManagementRegulationforMunicipalUndergroundPipeline(exposuredraft)requirestheconstructionofsynthesispipegalleryshallconformtotherequirementsofnationalstandardsandspecifications.Themainstructuralcomponentsofsynthesispipegalleryisencouragedtobestandardizedandadoptprefabricatedassemblytechniquestopromotetheindustrydevelopmentincludingtheproductionofindustrialcomponentsandthemanufacturingofconstructionequipment.2明挖预制拼装法2Open-cutprefabricatedassemblymethod

39二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

3浅埋暗挖法3Shallowminingmethod

浅埋暗挖隧道施工法，是我国根据国情自主开发的一种工法，在地下工程建设中得到了广泛应用；在老城区水位低、埋深浅的状况下，应用浅埋暗挖法修建综合管廊具有一定的优势。Asaconstructionmethoddevelopedbasedonournationalconditions,shallow-buriedtunnelingconstructionmethodhasbeenwidelyusedinundergroundconstruction.Undertheconditionsoflowwaterlevelandshallowburieddepthinolddowntownarea,theshallow-buriedtunnelingmethodappliedinconstructingsynthesispipegalleryhascertainadvantages.40浅埋暗挖法Shallowminingmethod

二、浅埋暗挖法II.Shallowminingmethod

二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

4盾构法----圆形盾构4

Shieldmethod----circularshield

盾构法是本世纪我国在地下工程建设中发展最快、应用最多的一种方法，在各种地层中都积累了丰富的经验。无论是装备制造、工程应用与新技术开发，我国都已站在盾构技术的最前沿。ShieldmethodisthefastestdevelopedandmostappliedmethodinundergroundconstructioninChinainthiscentury,thusrichexperiencehasbeenaccumulatedinvariousstrata.Chinahasstoodattheforefrontofshieldingtechnologyinequipmentfabrication,engineeringapplicationandnewtechnologydevelopment.41通过盾构外壳和管片支承圆周围岩防止发生往隧道内的坍塌Peripheralsurroundingrockissupportedbytheshieldshellandpipesegmentstopreventcollapseoccurringinthetunnel

二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

2009年8月，天津市穿越海河的盾构隧道工程——海河综合管廊主体结构完工，横跨海河上空的各类管线全部从管廊内下穿海河敷设。InAugust2009,theshieldingtunnelprojectcrossingtheHaiheRiverinTianjin——themainstructureofHaiheRiversynthesispipegallerywascompleted,withvariouspipelinescrossingovertheHaiheRiverburiedfromtheinsideofthepipegalleryunderpassingtheHaiheRiver.42共同管廊Commonpipegallery

电力Power

通讯Communication

热力Thermalpower

自来水Tapwater

煤气Gas

通道Channel

通道Channel

海河HaiheRiver

天津海河共同沟隧道CommontunneloftheHaiheRiverinTianjin

风管630x320mmAirduct630x320mm风管800x320mmAirduct800x320mm风管1000x400mmAirduct1000x400mm通信Communication电力Power风管630x320mmAirduct630x320mm热力Thermalpower热力Thermalpower中水Recycledwater煤气Gas二、我国综合管廊的施工技术发展与创新II.DevelopmentandInnovationofConstructionTechnologyforSynthesisPipeGalleryinChina

4盾构法----圆形盾构4

Shieldmethod----circularshield

2016年8月16日，淮南-南京-上海1000千伏特高压交流输变电工程苏通GIL综合管廊工程在苏州开工，采用12.1m大直径盾构施工。隧道结构底面标高-74.83m，水土压力超过0.9MPa，计划于2019年建成投运。OnAugust16,2016,theSuzhou-NantongGILsynthesispipegalleryprojectof1000kVUHVACpowertransmissionandtransformationworkofHuainan-Nanjing-ShanghaiwascommencedinSuzhou,withlarge-diametershield(12.1m)adoptedforconstruction.Thetunnelstructurehasabottomelevationof-74.83m,earthandwaterpressureofmorethan0.9MPa,plannedtobecompletedandputintooperationin2019.43北岸接引站Receivingstationonthenorthbank

南岸接引站Receivingstationonthesouthbank

总长度5530.5mTotallength:5,530.5m

市政通用管线（通信、有线电视等）Municipalgeneralpipeline(communication,cableTV,etc.)

500kV电缆区500kVcablearea