完型填空-新题型-文档

新题型部分选择搭配（MultipleChoices）阅读理解PartB（七选五）Directions:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41~45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA~Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）Passage1（SampleOne）LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.41）____________________.Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thekindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.42）____________________.Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownothing.43）____________________.Therewerealsocrab-likecreatures,whosebodieswerecoveredwithahornysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.44）_____________________.Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.45）____________________.About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammals,thoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.[A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.[B]Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.[C]Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,orformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.[D]Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.[E]Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesea-lilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.[F]Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreams,intolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.[G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.Passage2Fromhervantagepointshewatchedthemaindoorsswingopenandthefirstarrivalspourin.Thosewhohadbeenattheheadofthelinepausedmomentarilyonentry,lookedaroundcuriously,thenquicklymovedforwardasothersbehindpressedin.withinmomentsthecentralpublicareaofthebigbranchbankwasfilledwithachattering,noisycrowd.Thebuilding,relativelyquietlessthanaminuteearlier,hadbecomeaBabel.Edwinasawatallheavysetblackmanwavesomedollarbillsanddeclareloudly,“Iwanttoputmymoneyinthebank.”41）____________________.Itseemedasifthereportabouteveryonehavingcometoopenanaccounthadbeenaccurateafterall.Edwinacouldseethebigmanleaningbackexpansively,stillholdinghisdollarbills.Hisvoicecutacrossthenoiseofotherconversationsandsheheardhimproclaim,“I’minnohurry.There’ssomethingI’dlikeyoutoexplain.”Twootherdeskswerequicklymannedbyotherclerks.Withequalspeed,longwidelinesofpeopleformedinfrontofthem.Normally,threemembersofstaffwereampletohandlenewaccountbusiness,butobviouslywereinadequatenow.EdwinacouldseeTottenhoeonthefarsideofthebankandcalledhimontheintercom.Sheinstructed,“Usemoredesksfornewaccountsandtakeallthestaffyoucansparetomanthem.”42）____________________.Tottenhoegrumbledinreply,“Yourealizewecan’tpossiblyprocessallthesepeopletoday,andhowevermanywedowilltieusupcompletely.”“I’veanidea,”Edwinasaid,“that’swhatsomeonehasinmind.Justhurrytheprocessingallyoucan.”43）____________________.First,anapplicationformcalledfordetailsofresidence,employment,socialsecurity,andfamilymatters.Aspecimensignaturewasobtained.Thenproofofidentitywasneeded.Afterthat,thenewaccountsclerkwouldtakealldocumentstoanofficerofthebankforapprovalandinitialing.Finally,asavingspassbookwasmadeoutoratemporarycheckbookissued.Thereforethemostnewaccountsthatanybankemployeecouldopeninanhourwerefive,sothethreeclerkspresentlyworkingmighthandleatotalofninetyinonebusinessday,iftheykeptgoingattopspeed,whichwasunlikely.44）____________________.Stillthenoisewithinthebankincreased.Ithadbecomeanuproar.Afurtherproblemwasthatthegrowingmassofarrivalsinthecentralpublicareaofthebankwaspreventingaccesstotellers’countersbyothercustomers.Edwinacouldseeafewofthemoutside,regardingthemillingscenewithconsternation.Whileshewatched,severalgaveupandwalkedaway.Insidethebanksomeofthenewcomerswereengagingtellersinconversationandthetellers,havingnothingelsetodobecauseofthemelee,chattedback.Twoassistantmanagershadgonetothecentralfloorareaandweretryingtoregulatethefloodofpeoplesoastoclearsomespaceatcounters.Theywerehavingsmallsuccess.45）____________________.Shedecideditwastimeforherownintervention.Edwinalefttheplatformandarailed-offstaffareaand,withdifficulty,madeherwaythroughthemillingcrowdtothemainfrontdoor.[A]Yetsheknewhowevermuchtheyhurrieditwouldstilltaketentofifteenminutestoopenanysinglenewaccount.Italwaysdid.Thepaperworkrequiredthattime.[B]Butstillnohostilitywasevident.Everyoneinthenowjam-packedbankwhowasspokentobymembersofthestaffansweredpolitelyandwithasmile.Itseemed,Edwinathought,asifallwhowereherehadbeenbriefedtobeonbestbehavior.[C]Asecurityguarddirectedhim,“Overtherefornewaccounts.”Theguardpointedtoadeskwhereaclerk––ayounggirl––satwaiting.Sheappearednervous.Thebigmanwalkedtowardher,smiledreassuringly,andsatdown.Immediatelyapressofothersmovedintoaraggedlinebehindhim,waitingfortheirturn.[D]Evenleaningclosetotheintercom,itwashardtohearabovethenoise.[E]Eventriplingthepresentcomplementofclerkswouldpermitveryfewmorethantwohundredandfiftyaccountstobeopenedinaday,yetalready,inthefirstfewminutesofbusiness,thebankwascrammedwithatleastfourhundredpeople,withstillmorefloodingin,andthelineoutside,whichEdwinarosetocheck,appearedaslongasever.[F]Obviouslysomeonehadalertedthepressinadvance,whichexplainedthepresenceoftheTVcameracrewoutside.Edwinawonderedwhohaddoneit.Passage3Incasocietywasstrictlyorganized,fromtheemperorandroyalfamilydowntothepeasants.Theemperorwasthoughttobedescendedfromthesungod,Inti,andhethereforeruledwithdivineauthority.Allpowerrestedinhishands.Onlytheinfluenceofcustomandthefearofrevoltcheckedtheemperor’spower.41）____________________.Theemperorchosehismostimportantadministratorsfromamonghissons.Justbelowtheemperorcamethearistocracy,whichincludeddescendantsandrelationsofalltheemperors.42）____________________.ThenoblesofconqueredpeoplesalsobecamepartofthegoverningaristocracyandwereconsideredIncabyadoption.Foradministrativepurposestheempirewasdividedintoregionsknownasthe“foursuyus（quarters）oftheworld”,withCuzcoatitscenter.TheIncascalledtheirempire“LandoftheFourQuarters”.Onesuyu,theAntisuyu,stretchedtotheeastofCuzcoandcontaineddeep,forest-coveredvalleysthatgraduallydescendedintothejunglesoftheAmazonbasin.Indiangroupsinthisregion,manyofwhomwereonlypartiallypacified,continedtolaunchattacksagainsttheIncas.CuntisuyuincludedallthelandwestofCuzco,includingthecoastalregionsofPerufromChanChantoArequipa.Collasuyuwasthelargestofthequarters.LocatedsouthofCuzco,ittookinLakeTiticacaandregionsofBolivia,Chile,andArgentina.ChincasuyucontainedtheremaininglandtothenorthofCuzco.Abloodrelativeoftheemperorservedasgovernorofeachquarter.TheIncasfurtherdividedeachquarterintoprogressivelysmallerunits,withofficialsofdescendingrankoverseeingtheactivitiesoftheseunits.43）____________________.Anotherofficial,ideallyaleaderofalargevillage,ruledoverasmallerareacontainingabout1,000peasants.Atthelevelbelow,tenforemeneachsupervisedatotalof100peasants.Atthelowestorganizationallevel,anofficialoversawagroupoftenpeasants.Forevery10,000people,therewere1,331officials.Incastateaffairswerecomplexandtightlycontrolled.Wholenativepopulationswereattimesuprootedandresettledinothercommunities.Oftengroupswererelocatedtoareaswheretheywereneededforagriculturalorminingactivities.Sometimesrelocationswerepoliticallymotivated.44）____________________.Furthermore,theserelocationsfacilitatedthespreadofIncaideasandcultureandpromotedunityintheempire.Inordertodealefficientlywithsuchmatters,governmentofficerskeptstrictaccountsofallthepeople,gold,land,crops,andprojectsoftheempire.SincetheIncashadnosystemofwriting,theykeptrecordsbymeansofaquipu––aseriesofshort,knottedstringshungatintervalsfromalongtopstring.Byvaryingthecolorsandkindsofstringusedandthespacingofthestringsandknots,theIncascouldrecordpopulations,troops,andtribute,aswellasinformationabouttheirlegendsandachievements.Thequipuwasacomplexmemoryaidratherthanaliteralrecord,andonlyatrainedquipucamayo,ormemoryexpert,couldcreateorinterpretit.Anoralcommentaccompaniedeachquipuandallowedthequipucamayotomakesenseofitsmeaning.45）____________________.Modernscholarsstillhavenotdecipheredthecodesusedinthecreationofquipus.[A]Servingundereachgovernorweretendistrictgovernors,eachofwhomruledoveradistrictcontainingabout10,000peasants.[B]FollowingtheSpanishconquestandtheintroductionofrecordswritteninSpanish,theIncaslosttheabilitytoreadquipus.[C]Noticeableeconomicthrivingwasfrequentlyfound,intherecordsofthelocalgovernments,afterrelocations.[D]Theemperorhadoneofficialwife,buthehadmanyroyalconcubinesandhischildrenbythesewivesoftennumberedinthehundreds.[E]PlacingQuechua-speakingpopulationsinnewlyconqueredareasimpairedtheabilityoflocalgroupstouniteagainsttheIncas.[F]Relationsbetweenrelativesoftheemperor,governorsandofficialsoftenposedheadachesforthesupremerulerhimself,whowasinterwoventightlyanddeeplyamongthem.[G]Thesepure-bloodedIncasheldthemostimportantPassage4UntilabouttwomillionyearsagoAfrica’svegetationhadalwaysbeencontrolledbytheinteractionsofclimate;geology,soil,andgroundwaterconditions;andtheactivitiesofanimals.Theadditionofhumanstothelattergroup,however,hasincreasinglyrenderedunrealtheconceptofafullydeveloped“natural”vegetation––i.e.,oneapproximatingtheidealofavegetationalclimax.41）____________________.EarlyattemptsatmappingandclassifyingAfrica’svegetationstressedthisrelationship:sometimesthenamesofplantzoneswerederiveddirectlyfromclimates.Inthisdiscussiontheideaofzonesisretainedonlyinabroaddescriptivesense.42）____________________.Inaddition,overtimemorefloralregionsofvaryingshapeandsizehavebeenrecognized.Manyschemeshavearisensuccessively,allofwhichhavehadtotakeviewsontwoimportantaspects:thegeneralscaleoftreatmenttobeadopted,andthedegreetowhichhumanmodificationistobecomprehendedordiscounted.43）____________________.Quitetheoppositeassumptionisnowfrequentlyadvanced.Anintimatecombinationofmanyspecies––incomplexassociationsandrelatedtolocalizedsoils,slopes,anddrainage––hasbeendetailedinmanystudiesoftheAfricantropics.Inafewsquaremilestheremaybeavisiblesuccessionfromswampwithpapyrus,thegrassofwhichtheancientEgyptiansmadepaperandfromwhichtheword“paper”originated,throughswampygrasslandandbroad-leavedwoodlandandgrasstoapatchofforestonricherhillsidesoil,andfinallytojuicyfleshyplantsonanearlynakedrocksummit.44）____________________.Correspondingly,classificationshavedifferedgreatlyintheirprinciplesfornaming,grouping,anddescribingformations:somehavechosentermssuchasforest,woodland,thorn-bush,thicket,andshrubformuchofthesamebroadtractsthatothershavegroupedaswoodedsavanna（treelessgrassyplain）andsteppe（grassyplainwithfewtrees）.Thisisbestseeninthenomenclature,namingofplants,adoptedbytwoofthemostcomprehensiveandauthoritativemapsofAfrica’svegetationthathavebeenpublished:R.W.J.Keay’sVegetationMapofAfricaSouthoftheTropicofCanceranditsmorewidelybasedsuccessor,TheVegetationMapofAfrica,compiledbyFrankWhite.IntheKeaymaptheherblayerandthecoverageofwoodyvegetation;theWhitemap,however,discardedthesetwocategoriesasspecificclassifications.Yetanyrapidabsenceofsavannaasinitspopularandmoregeneralsenseisdoubtful.45）____________________.However,some100specifictypesofvegetationidentifiedonthesourcemaphavebeencompressedinto14broaderclassifications.[A]AsmorehasbecomeknownofthemanythousandsofAfricanplantspeciesandtheircomplexecology,naming,classification,andmappinghavealsobecomemoreparticular,stressingwhatwasactuallypresentratherthanpostulatingaboutclimaticpotential.[B]Inregionsofhigherrainfall,suchaseasternAfrica,savannavegetationismaintainedbyperiodicfires.Consumingdrygrassattheendoftherainyseason,thefiresburnbacktheforestvegetation,checktheinvasionoftreesandshrubs,andstimulatenewgrassgrowth.[C]Once,aswiththescientifictreatmentofAfricansoils,amuchgreateruniformitywasattributedtothevegetationthanwouldhavebeengenerallyacceptedinthesameperiodfortreatmentsofthelandsofwesternEuropeortheUnitedStates.[D]ThevegetationalmapofAfricaandgeneralvegetationgroupingsusedherefollowtheWhitemapanditsextensiveannotations.[E]Africanvegetationzonesarecloselylinkedtoclimaticzones,withthesamezonesoccurringbothnorthandsouthoftheequatorinbroadlysimilarpatterns.Aswithclimaticzones,differencesintheamountandseasonaldistributionofprecipitationconstitutethemostimportantinfluenceonthedevelopmentofvegetation.[F]Nevertheless,inbroadterms,climateremainsthedominantcontrolovervegetation.Zonalbeltsofprecipitation,reflectionlatitudeandcontrastingexposuretotheAtlanticandIndianoceansandtheircurrents,givesomerealitytorelatedbeltsofvegetation.[G]ThespanofhumanoccupationinAfricaisbelievedtoexceedthatofanyothercontinent.Alltheresultantactivitieshavetended,onbalance,toreducetreecoverandincreasegrassland;buttherehasbeenconsiderabledisputeamongscholarsconcerningthenaturalversushuman-causeddevelopmentofmostAfricangrasslandsattheregionallevel.Passage5Themakingofweathervanes（devicesfixedonthetopofbuildingstoshowdirectionsofthewind）isanancientskill,goingbacktoearlyEgyptiantimes.TodaythecraftisstillverymuchaliveintheworkshopthatGrahamSmithhassetup.Heisoneofthefewpeopleinthecountrywhomakehand-cutweathervanes.Graham’sdesignsareindividuallycreatedandtailoredtothespecificrequirementsofhiscustomers.“ThatwayIcanproduceauniquepersonalizeditem,”heexplains,“Alotofmycustomersarewomenbuyingpresentsfortheirhusbands.Theywantadistinctivegiftthatrepresentstheman’sbusinessorleisureinterests.”It’sallafarcryfromthetraditionalcock,themostcommondesignforweathervanes.ItwasnotacockbutawitchonabroomstickthatfeaturedonthefirstweathervaneGrahamevermade.Friendsadmiredhissurprisepresentforhiswifeandbeganaskinghimtomakevanesforthem.“Irealizedthatwhenitcametosubjectsthatcouldbemadeintothem,thepossibilitieswerelimitless,”hesays.41）____________________.Thatwasfiveyearsagoandhehasnoregretsabouthisnewdirection.“Mypreviousworkdidn’thaveanartisticelementtoit,whereasthisisexcitingandcreative,”hesays.“Ireallyenjoythedesignside.”42）____________________.Grahamalsokeepsplentyoftraditionaldesignsinstock,sincetheyproveaspopularastheone-offs.“Itseemsthatpeopleareattractedtohandcrafting,”Grahamsays.“Theywelcometheopportunitytoacquiresomethingalittlebitdifferent.”43）____________________.“Ihavefoundmyplaceinthemarket.PeoplelovetheindividualityandIgetalotofsatisfactionfromseeinganondescriptshapeturnintosomethingalmostlifelike,”hesays.44）____________________.“Andnowadays,withmoreandmorepeoplemovingtothecountry,individualswanttoputanexclusivefinishingtouchtotheirproperties.Ithasbeenaboosttocraftslikemines.”45）____________________.AmericanandDanishbuyersinparticularareshowinginterest.“Pricing,”heexplains,“dependsontheintricacyofthedesign.”Hismostrecentrequestwasforacurly-coateddog.Whatevertheoccasion,Grahamcancreateagiftwithadifference.[A]Grahamhasbecomeincreasinglybusy,supplyingflat-packedweathervanestoclientsworldwide.[B]Grahamdecidedtoconcentratehiseffortsonaweathervanebusiness.Hehadservedanapprenticeshipasaprecisionengineerandhadworkedinthattradefor15yearswhenheandhiswife,Liz,agreedtoswaproles––shewentouttoworkasanarchitecturalassistantandhestayedathometolookafterthechildrenandbuildupthebusiness.[C]Lastmonth,alocalschoolwasopenedwithhisgalleonship[D]“Forcenturies,weathervaneshavekeptcommunitiesintouchwiththeelements,signalingthoseshiftsinwinddirectionthatbringaboutchangesintheweather,”heexplains.[E]Grahamhasnoplansforexpansion,ashewantstokeepthebusinessasaruralcraft.[F]Grahamhasnowperfectedover100originaldesigns.Heworkstoveryfinedetail,alwaysseekingapprovalforthedesignofthesilhouettefromthecustomerbeforeproceedingwiththehand-cutting.Passage6Archaeologicalstudycoversanextremelylongspanoftimeandagreatvarietyofsubjects.Theearliestsubjectsofarchaeologicalstudydatefromtheoriginsofhumanity.Theseincludefossilremainsbelievedtobeofhumanancestorswholived3.5millionto4.5millionyearsago.TheearliestarchaeologicalsitesincludethoseinEthiopia,Tanzania,Kenya;andelsewhereinEastAfrica.Thesesitescontainevidenceofthefirstappearanceofbipedal（upright-walking）,apelikeearlyhumans.41）____________________.Thefirstphysicallymodernhumans,Homosapiens,appearedintropicalAfricabetween200,000and150,000yearsago––datesdeterminedbymolecularbiologistsandarchaeologistsworkingtogether.DozensofarchaeologicalsitesthroughoutAsiaandEuropeshowhowpeoplemigratedfromAfricaandsettledthesetwocontinentsduringthelastIceAge（100,000to15,000yearsago）.42）____________________.Archaeologistshavedocumentedthatthedevelopmentofagriculturetookplaceabout10,000yearsago.Earlydomestication––theplantingandharvestingofplantsandthebreedingandherdingofanimals––isevidentinsuchplacesastheancientsettlementinJordanandinMexico.Archaeologyplaysamajorroleinthestudyofearlycivilizations,suchasthoseoftheSumeriansofMesopotamia,whobuiltthecityofUr,andtheancientEgyptians,whoarefamousforthepyramidsnearthecityofGizaandtheroyalsepulchers（tombs）oftheValleyoftheKingsatThebes.43）____________________.Archaeologicalresearchspanstheentiredevelopmentofphenomenathatareuniquetohumans.Forinstance,archaeologytellsthestoryofwhenpeoplelearnedtoburytheirdeadanddevelopedbeliefsinanafterlife.Sitescontainingsignsofthefirstsimplebutpurposefulburialsingravesdatetoasearlyas40,000yearsagoinEuropeandSouthwestAsia.Bythetimepeoplelivedincivilizations,burialsandfuneralceremonieshadbecomeextremelyimportantandelaboraterituals.44）____________________.Archaeologyalsoexaminesmorerecenthistoricalperiods.SomearchaeologistsworkwithhistorianstostudyAmericancoloniallife,forexample.TheyhavelearnedsuchdiverseinformationashowtheearliestcolonialsettlersinJamestown,Virginia,tradedglassbeadsforfoodwithnativeAlgonquianpeoples;howthelivesofslavesonplantationsreflectedtheirrootsinAfrica;andhowthefirstmajorcitiesintheUnitedStatesdeveloped.45）____________________.[A]Forexample,theMochelordsofSipanincoastalPeruwereburiedinaboutad400infinecottondressandwithexquisiteornamentsofbead,gold,andsilver.Fewburialsrivaltheirlavishsepulchers.Beingabletotracethedevelopmentofsuchritualsoverthousandsofyearshasaddedtoourunderstandingofthedevelopmentofhumanintellectandspirit.[B]By40,000yearsagopeoplecouldbefoundhuntingandgatheringfoodacrossmostoftheregionsofAfrica.Populationsindifferentregionsemployedvarioustechnologicaldevelopmentsinadaptingtotheirdifferentenvironmentsandclimates.[C]ArchaeologicalstudieshavealsoprovidedmuchinformationaboutthepeoplewhofirstarrivedintheAmericasover12,000yearsago.[D]Thefirstfossilrecordsofvascularplants––thatis,landplantswithtissuethatcarriesfood––appearedintheSilurianperiod.Theyweresimpleplantsthathadnotdevelopedseparatestemsandleaves.[E]OnesiteinTanzaniaevenrevealsfootprintsofhumansfrom3.6millionyearsago.Somesitesalsocontainevidenceoftheearliestuseofsimpletools.ArchaeologistshavealsorecordedhowprimitiveformsofhumansspreadoutofAfricaintoAsiaabout1.8millionyearsago,thenintoEuropeabout900,000yearsago.[F]Oneresearchprojectinvolvesthestudyofgarbageinpresent-daycitiesacrosstheUnitedStates.Thisgarbageisthemodernequivalentoftheremainsfoundinthearchaeologicalrecord.Inthefuture,archaeologistswillcontinuetomoveintonewrealmsofstudy.[G]OthersitesthatrepresentgreathumanachievementareasvariedasthecliffdwellingsoftheancientAnasazi（agroupofearlyNativeAmericansofNorthAmerica）atMesaVerde,Colorado;theIncacityofMachuPicchuhighintheAndesMountainsofPeru;andthemysterious,massivestoneportraitheadsofremoteEasterIslandinthePacific.Key:3.DGAEB 4.FACGD 5.BFEDA 6.ECGAFSampleTwoDirections:ThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorderforQuestions41-45;youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）［A］“Ijustdon’tknowhowtomotivatethemtodoabetterjob.We’reinabudgetcrunchandIhaveabsolutelynofinancialrewardsatmydisposal.Infact,we’llprobablyhavetolaysomepeopleoffinthenearfuture.It’shardformetomakethejobinterestingandchallengingbecauseitisn’t－it’sboring,routinepaperwork,andthereisn’tmuchyoucandoaboutit.［B］“Finally,Ican’tsaytothemthattheirpromotionswillhingeontheexcellenceoftheirpaperwork.Firstofall,theyknowit’snottrue.Iftheirperformanceisadequate,mostaremorelikelytogetpromotedjustbystayingontheforceacertainnumberofyearsthanforsomespecificoutstandingact.Second,theyweretrainedtodothejobtheydooutinthestreets,nottofilloutforms.Allthroughtheircareeritisthearrestsandinterventionsthatgetnoticed.［C］“I’vegotarealproblemwithmyofficers.Theycomeontheforceasyoung,inexperiencedmen,andwesendthemoutonthestreet,eitherincarsoronabeat,Theyseemtolikethecontacttheyhavewiththepublic,theactioninvolvedincrimeprevention,andtheapprehensionofcriminals.Theyalsolikehelpingpeopleoutatfires,accidents,andotheremergencies.［D］“Somepeoplehavesuggestedanumberofthingslikeusingconvictionrecordsasaperformancecriterion.However,weknowthat’snotfair－toomanyotherthingsareinvolved.Badpaperworkincreasesthechancethatyouloseincourt,butgoodpaperworkdoesn’tnecessarilymeanyou’llwin.Wetriedsettingupteamcompetitionsbasedontheexcellenceofthereports,buttheguyscaughtontothatprettyquickly.Noonewasgettinganytypeofrewardforwinningthecompetit