高考阅读理解

高考英语阅读理解指导ReadingComprehension高考阅读文章体裁和题材说明文(Exposition)：科普类、社会生活类、介绍类等应用文(Practicalwriting

)：广告、新闻、调查报告、说明书等记叙文(Narration)：文学类〔小说、故事、人物传记等〕议论文(Argumentation)

：各种社会热议话题近三年江苏高考阅读理解题型及分布年限事实细节Detail推理判断Inference主旨大意Mainidea语义理解Semantic201085112011852020126612讲解与指导AWhatgenre(体裁)doesthistextbelongto?Exposition(说明文)Argumentation(议论文)C.Practicalwriting(应用文〕D.Narration(记叙文〕

1.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?A.Beingstuckbythehighway.B.Beingurgedbyhisgrandkids.C.Beingpersuadedbycellphonesalespersons.D.Beingattractedbythefriendlyreturnpolicy.

【试题解析】细节事实“Well,Ifinallydidit.Ifinallydecidedtoenterthedigitalageandgetcellphone.Mykidshavebeenannoyingmeandthelaststrawwaswhenmycarbrokedown,andIwasstuckbythehighwayforanhourbeforesomeonestoppedtohelp.ButwhenIwenttothecell…thelaststraw---thestraw(稻草)thatbreaksthecamel’sback压垮骆驼的稻草Thelastproblemthatfinallymakessbgiveup终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事3.AnadvantageofJitterbugmentionedinthepassageis______.A.itsdiscountpricewithafreegiftB.itsreasonablerateplanswithoutacontractC.its“global-positioning”systemwith911accessD.itsgoodcustomerserviceallovertheworld【试题解析】细节事实AffordableplansthatIcanunderstand--andnocontracttosign(签订)!Unlikeothercellphones，Jitterbughasplansthatmakesense.WhyshouldIpayforminutesImnevergoingtouse?AndifIdotalkmorethanIplan，Iwon’tfindmyself……

干扰项：局部错误C最强干扰项:含有global-positioning该信息，而未提及Jitterbug这款就具有该功能。有我能懂的可承受的费率结算方案，以及无需签订消费合同事实细节题指导策略提问方式(Questionforms):

Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue/false?ChoosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthetextWhichofthefollowingisnottheresultof….?Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto?Theauthorgivestheexample…inorderto…..?干扰项特征(Identitiesofwrongchoices)NotmentionedPartlymentionedToswitchinformationofAtothatofBSimilartooriginalsentences,withsomekeywordschangedPartlyright,partlywrongWrongsummaryaboutfacts(无中生有、以偏概全、张冠李戴、与原文极为相似，但改变一些关键词、局部正确，局部错误、对细节事实的错误概括)Approaches:ScanningthepassagewithquestionsPositioningthecontentintherelatedparagraphsAnalyzingthekeysentences,especiallycomplexonesFiguringoutmainideasoftheparagraphandtherelationshipbetweenmainideasandfacts.(1.查读法：带着问题浏览文章2.原文定位法：根据题干中关键词，找准相关内容3.分析关键句和长难句4.判定细节和主题的关系)

PracticeBerningerandhercolleaguesconductedastudythatlookedattheabilityofstudentstocompletevariouswritingtasks--bothonacomputerandbyhand.Thestudy,publishedin2009,foundthatwhenwritingwithapenandpaper,participantswrotelongeressaysandmorecompletesentencesandhadafasterwordproductionrate.Berninger’sstudypublishedin2009___________.

A.

focusedonthedifferencebetweenwritingbyhandandonacomputer.B.indicatedthatstudentsprefertowritewithapenandpaper.C.foundthatgoodessaysaremadeupoflongsentences.D.discussedtheimportanceofwritingspeed.studyorconsidersthA---acorrectsummaryB/C/D---incorrectunderstanding

BWhatgenredoesthistextbelongto?Exposition(说明文)Argumentation(议论文)C.Practicalwriting(应用文〕D.Narration(记叙文〕

7.Accordingtotheinventors,shrilkhasgreatpotentialpartlybecause_____.

A.itcanhelpplasticdegradeB.itcanbefoundinlivingthings

C.itsmassproductionhasbeenrealizedD.itsrawmaterialsareabundantinnature

【试题解析】推理判断〔para4〕Shrilkhasgreatpotential,theinventorssaid.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnature,foundineverythingrangingfromshrimpshells,insectbodiestolivingplants.Thatmakesshrilklowcost,anditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.12该段主题句支撑句1和2是何关系？Thatmakesshrilklowcost,anditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.此句意为,“如果将shrilk用于那些对材料需求量大的产品，其存在于自然界中丰富的物质材料会使得本钱低，而且可以大量生产。”2长难句2分析:that指代前面提到的materialsfromwhichit’smadeareplentifulinnaturemake后接两个宾语及宾语补足语，makeshrilklowcost(使其本钱低〕makeitsmassproductionpossible(使其大量生产成为可能〕shoulditbeusedfor….=ifitshouldbeusedfor….It指shrilk7.Accordingtotheinventors,shrilkhasgreatpotentialpartlybecause_____.

A.itcanhelpplasticdegradeB.itcanbefoundinlivingthings

C.itsmassproductionhasbeenrealizedD.itsrawmaterialsareabundantinnature

【试题解析】推理判断〔para4〕Shrilkhasgreatpotential,theinventorssaid.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnature,foundineverythingrangingfromshrimpshells,insectbodiestolivingplants.Thatmakesshrilklowcost,anditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.12该段主题句支撑句1和2是何关系？

无关信息片面信息C为最大干扰项，通过对支撑句和长难句的分析，便可排除。因果关系Cause-effect推理判断题指导策略提问方式(Questionforms):

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat…Theauthorsuggeststhat____Whatdoesthepassageimplyabout…?Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward…?题型特征：主旨类推理判断和局部推理判断；理解原文字面意义根底上，对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出判断和推理解题方法：直接推导法：迅速定位考点出处，根据此处上下文推敲2.排除法：排除掉那些浅薄阐释、颠倒次序、无中生有的选项，必须遵循一个原那么“紧扣文章内容”干扰项特征:推理过度，超出文章范围只是原文的简单复述而非推断出来的结论看似从原文中推断出来，而因果倒置、手段变目的等考生已有的常识，但不是从文章内容而推断得出Oneevening,IgotoffthebusabouthalfwayhomewhereIhadtochangebuses,……Ifoundthebusstop,whichwasarequeststop,wherethebuswouldn’tstopunlesspassengerswantedtogetonoroff.NooneelsewasthereandIhadtotrytoguessifthebushadarrived.Generallyinthissituation,becauseIhatedshowingIwasblindbyaskingforhelp,Itriedtoguessatthesound.SometimesIwouldstopabiglorryandstandtherefeelingstupidasitdrewaway.Intheend,Iusuallymanagedtoswallowmyprideandasksomeoneatthestopforhelp.Whatwastheproblemwithguessingatthesoundtostopabus?

A.Othervehiclesalsostoppedthere.B.Itwasunreliableformakingjudgments.C.Morelorriesthanbusesrespondedtothegirl.D.Ittooktoomuchtimeforthegirltocatchthebus.Practice无关信息错误推断考生固有的常识：盲人乘车不便，花时间自然多，但与此题无关

Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthenextparagraph?MorereasonsforsubhealthB.ThewaytosolvetheproblemofsubhealthC.WhosuffersfromsubhealthD.Whypeoplewithhighereducationmorelikelytosuffersubhealth.Badworkinghabits,poordiseasepreventionknowledge,notenoughgovernmentalinvestmentandlackofhealtheducationarethemainreasons,saidYangXiaoduo,ahealthcareexpertwithalocalhealthassociation,whosaidChinashouldraceagainsttimeseekingmeasurestosolvethesubhealthproblem.Identifyinglinksbetweenparagraphs

ThelastsentenceintroducesthetopicofthenextparagraphCWhatgenredoesthistextbelongto?Exposition(说明文)Argumentation(议论文)C.Practicalwriting(应用文〕D.Narration(记叙文〕

11Theauthor’sattitudetowardsstrangedressstylesintheworkplacemaybestbedescribedas_____.A.enthusiasticB.negativeC.positiveD.sympathetic

Asahiringmanager

Iampaidtochoosethepeoplewhowouldmakethebestimpressiononourcustomers.Thereareplentyofwell-qualifiedcandidates,soitisn’twrongtorejectsomeonewhomightdisappointmycustomers.EventhoughIamopen-minded,Ican’texpectallourcustomersare.Thereisnobodytoblamebutyourselfifyoursetofchoicesdoesnotmatchthatofyourpreferredemployer.Nocompanyshouldhavetochangetosatisfyacandidatesimplybecauseheorsheisunwillingtorespectitsstandards,aslongasitsstandardsarelegal.【试题解析】推理判断---观点态度作者要选能给顾客留下好印象的员工，拒聘那些令顾客失望的，公司不必改变其对服饰要求的规定去迎合应聘者观点态度解题方法：区分清楚文章文体：议论文，文章中心句一般暗示作者的态度；说明文，其体裁客观性，作者态度往往中立；记叙文，文章观点不直接给出，作者写作常带有某种倾向，需细心捕捉情感态度的词，短语或句子区分选项的褒贬义(Emotionalmeaning)褒义词commendatory中性词neuter贬义词derogatorypositive肯定、积极的supportive支持的optimistic乐观的serious严肃的enthusiastic热情的concerned关切的admiring羡慕的indifferent冷淡、中立的neutral中立的impassive不动感情的subjective主观的objective客观的informative提供信息的disgusted厌恶的critical批评的negative否定的suspicious怀疑的pessimistic悲观的depressed沮丧的ironic讽刺的DWhatgenredoesthistextbelongto?Exposition(说明文)Argumentation(议论文)C.Practicalwriting(应用文〕D.Narration(记叙文〕

14.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1mean?A.Iwaswaitingforgoodfortune.B.Iwastryingtofindanadmirablejob.C.Iwasbeingaimlessaboutasuitablejob.D.Iwasdoingseveraljobsformorepayatatime.IleftuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature,butnosenseofwhatIwantedtodo.Overthenextsixyears,Iwastreadingwater,justtryingtoearnanincome.Itriedjournalism,butIdidn’tthinkIwasanygood,thenfinance,whichIhated.Finally,Igotajobasarightsassistantatafamouspublisher.Ilovedworkingwithbooks,althoughthejobthatIdidwasdull.【试题解析】语义理解不知道做什么为了收入来源，做过记者曲解文意，未明确

最后有了一份工作语义理解题指导策略提问方式(Questionforms):

Theword“…”refersto….?Theunderlinedword“…”couldbereplacedby?Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“…”?Bysaying“…”wemean…题型特征：对文中单词、词组和句子的理解解题方法：通过上下文来猜测词义(context)定义或释义关系同位关系同义或反义关系描写因果关系语法功能上下文提供的信息代词所指的内容2.通过构词法来猜测(wordformation)转化：词形不变而词性发生变化合成词：由两个或以上的独立含义的单词组合而成的派生词：在词根上加前缀和后缀3.平时注意累积生词和短语(accumulation)Onemorning,however,Ifounditsbedempty.Mybabybrotherwasgone!Icriedforit.Mumweptandtoldmethatthepoorlittlethinghadbeensenttoahospital.Hehadafever.Forseveraldays,IheardMumandDadwhisperingsuchwordsas“hopeless”,“pitiful”,and“dying”,whichsoundedominous.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ominous”inParagraph3probablymean?A.ImpossibleB.BoringC.DifficultD.FearfulPractice

AccordingtodescriptionFranzKafkawrotethat“abookmustbetheax(斧子)forthefrozenseainsideus.”Ioncesharedthissentencewithaclassofseventhgraders,anditdidn’tseemtorequireanyexplanation.TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph1probablymeanthatabookhelpsto__________.realizeourdreamsB.givesupporttoourlifeC.smoothawaydifficultiesD.awakeouremotionsPractice

修辞法：暗喻〔metaphor),将书比喻成斧子,内心的冰河比喻成沉睡的情感。字面意思“一本书就是能融化我们冰冻着的内心的一把斧子”,即指一本书能够唤醒我们内心深处的情感引起共鸣之意。Forlawyers,acourtroomisabattlefield.Comparedtomyhouse,hisisapalace.【试题解析】主旨大意Itfeelslikeanunbelievablestrokeofluck—offate,really.Whenyousetouttodosomethingdifferent,there’snoendinsight,sotofindmyselfinapositionwhereInowhavemyownnameonacontract(合同)ofthepublisher—tobeapublishedwriter—isunbelievablyrewarding.B信息正确，无关主题C延伸内容，出现在文末，但与主题不密切D局部信息，属细节而非概括干扰项：17.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellreadersinthelastparagraph?

A.Itpaystosticktoone’sgoal.B.Hardworkcanleadtosuccess.C.Shefeelslikebeingunexpectedlylucky.D.Thereisnoendinsightwhenstartingtodosomething

当你开始从事不同的事时，起初看不到结果，而最后发现自己在出版合同上签名时—将成为出版作家，才体会到这未曾想过的回报主旨大意题指导策略