不定式用法总结

不定式用法总结判断句子对错。Toseeistoblieve.Dohomeworkisveryboring.Playingcomputergamesisveryexciting.Beingascientistisalwaysherdream.Seeyounextweek.IforgetclosethedoorsoIreturnedagain.Stoptellinglies.Youmustforgettellingmeallaboutit.It’sgoingtorain.Don’tforgettotakeanumbrellawithyou.不定式的定义。Eg,Tohelpthepoorisalwaysherdream.Helpingothersfeelsgood.不定式基本形式是to+do.Eg,towalk,tohelp,etc.动名词由动词+ing构成。不定式的基本用法。不定式和动名词可以用作句子的主语及宾语。它们又被称为“非谓语动词”，即它们在句中是不能充当谓语的。Eg,用括号中的词的正确形式填空。________helpsyoulearningEnglish.(read)________isimportant.(learn)________Englishisimportant.(1),Assubjectofasentence.作为句子主语.Tosayisalwayseasierthantodo.Tostudyhardincresesyourchancetogotocollege.注意点：1,不定式做主语，谓语动词应用三单形式。Eg,Toeatlotsofdesserts(甜点)isunhealthy.Todosportsmakesyouhealthier.2，动名词也可以做主语。两者的区别在于动名词表示一种习惯性，重复发生的动作，更为具体，而不定式有将来，一次性的含义，较为抽象。也因为不定式有未发生的含义，如果表示过去已发生的事情，主语只能用动名词。Eg,TalkingtoyouwasthemoststupidthingIhavedone.3，不定式做主语常置于句末，而用it代替其作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻。Eg,Tofeedtheanimalsismyjob.It’smyjobtofeedtheanimals.It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.=Learningaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.It’sdifficultforustofinishthework.It’shardformetoansweryourquestion.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.It’sfoolishofhimtogooutalone.Itis+adj+for/ofsbtodosth.若形容词指人，则用of,若形容词指物，则用for。练习：()1,_________toanothercitywasahardchoiceforher.A,MoveB,TomoveC,Moving()2,It’snecessary_________someEnglishgrammer.A,forusstudentstolearnB,forwestudentstolearnC,ofusstudentstolearnD,ofourstudentslearning（2），作为句子表语。eg,Whatyoushoulddoistoleavehereatonce.Theproblemishowtodoit.不定式前可以加疑问词。（3），作为句子宾语，放于动词后面。Eg,Shewantstogotoamovie.Maryneedstotalkaboutherproblems.作为宾语的不定式用法，需要结合动词的固定搭配来记忆。有些动词只能跟不定式宾语，常见的有：want,decide,hope,agree,fail,wish等。Iwishtohaveapairofwings.Theyfailedtocatchthelastbusthismorning.2，有些动词只能接动名词做宾语，如finish,practice,enjoy,keep,bebusy等。Eg,Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?3，有些动词即可以接不定式宾语，又可以接动名词宾语，两者没有明显区别。如：liketodo/doing,begintodo/doing,starttodo/doingItstartstorain.=Itstartsraining.4，有些动词接不定式宾语和接动名词宾语则有明显的意思上的区别：Stoptodo:停止一件事，去做另一件事情Stopdoingsth:停止正在做的事情Eg,Whentheteacherwalkedin,westoppedtalking.Whentheteacherwentout,westoppedtotalk.Forgettodo:忘记要做某事Forgetdoingsth:忘记做过某事Eg,Heforgettobringhishomeworktoclassagain.Heforgetturningoffthelights,sohereturnedandmadesure.他忘了自己已经关了灯，所以他又回去确认了一下。Trytodo:尽力做Trydoingsth:尝试做Eg,I’mtryingtolearnEnglishwell.我决心（尽力）学好英语。Itriedknockingatthebackdoor,butnobodyanswered.我尝试着敲了敲后门，但没人回应。Meantodosth:打算做，想做Meandoing:意味着YouknowwhatImeantosay.你知道我打算说什么的。Givingupmeansfailingagain.放弃意味着又一次失败了。Goontodo:继续做另一件事，和之前做的事情不是同一件Goondoingsth:继续做之前在做的事情练习：（）1，Myfatherissleepingsoundly,soItriedmybest__________anynoise.A,makenotB,tomakenotC,tomakeD,nottomake()2,Weagree_______herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A,havingmetB,mettingC,tomeetD,tohavemet()3,—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot_______.A,turningitoffB,turnitoffC,toturnitoffD,havingturneditoff()4,Goon____theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.A,todoB,doingC,withD,tobedoing()5,Onmywayhome,Istopped________somefood.A,buyB,tobuyC,buyingD,bought（4），作为句子宾语补足语，即放在宾语后面充当补充成分。Eg,Shewantsustoworkhard.Maryaskedhermothertobuyheracake.Tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,wish,get,help等词后面常接不定式做宾补，即v+sb+todo.如：Itellhimnottogotherebybus.Edison’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.Whatdoyouwantmetodo?注意：其中help也可以用作helpsbdosth,两者没有明显差异。Let,make,have通常后面加省略to的宾补。Eg,Pleaseletusfinishitourselves.Don’ttrytomakemecry.Hear,lookat,see,watch,find,feel,notice等感官动词宾补可以接doing或者do,加doing强调正在发生，加do强调全过程。Eg,Canyouhearsomeonesingingnextdoor?LastnightIheardsomeonesingallnight.练习：()1,Theteacheraskedus_________somuchnoise.A,don’tmakeB,notmakeC,notmakingD,nottomake()2,Thewokrerswantus_______togetherwiththem.A,workB,toworkC,workingD,worked()3,Theyknewherverywell,theyhadseenher_______upfromchildhood.A,growB,grewC,growingD,wasgrowing()4,Thesadmusicnearlymademe___.A,cryB,cryingC,tocryD,cried()5,Don’tletyourkids_____about.It’sdangeroushere.A,runB,turunC,runningD,ran()6,Myteacheradvises______alot,andsheadvisesus____atleasttwiceaweek.A,reading,readingB,toread,toreadC,reading,toreadD,toread,reading（5），作为定语放在名词后。Eg,Iwantsomethingtoeat.我想要点吃的。Toeat修饰something,作为定语成分。Hiswishtobecomeanactorwaswellknown.他想成为演员的梦想人尽皆知。（6），作为句子状语。A,目的状语(表示目的)Eg,Icometoseeyou.Herunsfasttogetthereintime.Weraisedalotofmoneytohelpthesepoorchildren.注：此时不定式也可以放在句子前面。如：Togetthereintime,herunsfast.B,原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,excited等词后面。Eg,I’mgladtoseeyouhere.因为在这里见到你我很高兴。I’msorrytotroubleyou.C,结果状语Eg,Someapplesintreearehardtoreach.树上有些苹果够不着。Theroomislargeenoughtohold100people.这个房间足够大来容纳一百个人。Wearrived,onlytofindnoonethere.我们到了之后，结果只发现没人在那里。(onlytodo…是一个固定搭配，通常表示一个结果)练习：()1,Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmshadleft.A,totellB,tobetoldC,tellingD,told()2,Shemadeacandle_______uslight.A,giveB,gaveC,togiveD,given()3,Iwassurprised_______soquickly.A,watchinghimtoeatB,watchhimeatC,watchinghiseatD,towatchhimeat()4,Iwenttothepostoffice___someletterstomyfriends.A,forsendingB,sendC,tosendD,sending()5,Thisfamouscityisaverypleasantplace__________.A,tovisitB,tovisitinC,tobevisitD,tovisitit()6,Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto______.A,sitB,sitonC,besatD,besaton不定式中重要的固定搭配。onlytodo…翻译下列句子：Hehurriedbacktohishouse,onlytofindthatitwasempty.Shesurvivedtheaircrash,onlytodieinthedesert.（aircrash飞机撞击事故）Irantothestation,onlytoseetrainwasoutofthestation.Heenjoyedlaughingatothers,onlytofindhimselflaughedat.2,too+adj/adv+todo翻译下列句子：Youaretooyoungtounderstand.Hewastoodrunktodrivehome.Theboxwastooheavyforhertocarry.3,…+adj+enough+todosth翻译下列句子：Youareoldenoughtosupportyourself.Theiceisthickenoughtowalkon.练习：找出不定式充当的成分：Toselecttherightcolorsisimportantforbusiness._____________________MydreamistogotoBeijingUniversity(北京大学).___________________Westernbrides(新娘)choosetowearwhiteontheirweddings（婚礼）._________________Toattractmorecustomers,theypainttheirrestaurantred.___________________I