四川省成都市高三上学期12月第一次诊断性检测英语试题

成都市2018级高中毕业班第一次诊断性检测英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考籍号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2.答选择题时,必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3.答非选择题，必须使用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。5.考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。第I卷（100分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatpresentsarethebestforkids?AToys.B.Books.C.Itdepends.2.WhodoesthemanprefertowatchtheTVprogramwith?A.Hisfather.B.Hisbrother.C.Hisfriends.3.What'stheman'spurpose?A.Togreetthewoman.B.Tomakeasurvey.C.Toprovidehelp.4.What'sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Colleagues.C.Interviewerandinterviewee5Whyisthephotographsospecialforthewoman?A.ItwastakeninVietnamB.Itisanartwork.C.Itwastaken5yearsago.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whydidthewomanpayforhermealwithcash?A.Herphoneisbroken.B.Shecansavemoney.C.Sheenjoyscalculation.7.Whatwillthemanmostprobablydo?A.Paybyphone.B.Payincash.C.Practicecalculation.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whywon'tthemandrivetothetowncenter?A.It'sinconvenient.B.It'stooexpensive.C.It'salongride.9Howmuchdoesitcosttotakeataxi?A.About10pounds.B.About12pounds.C.About15pounds.10.Howwillthemangotothetowncenter?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybus.C.Onfoot.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Intheclassroom.B.Intheteacher'soffice.C.Oncampus.12.Whendidthewomanarrive?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.13.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhisfirstlecture?A.Boring.B.Amazing.C.Interesting.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whendopeoplecelebrateparties?A.Duringfamilyreunions,B.OnNewYearday.C.Eachtimepeoplemeetup.15.Wherearehousewarmingsmorelikelytobeheld?A.Inside.B.Outside.C.Eitherinsideoroutside.16.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.SheneverdrinksatthepartyB.Sheusuallywearsjeans.C.Shelikesattendingparties.17.Whatdoyouneedtobringtoaparty?A.Itisuptothehost.B.Somespecialgifts.C.It'snotamust.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatdoweknowaboutthePhysicalFitnessInstructors'course?A.Ithasnospecialentryrequirements.B.It'sdesignedforthoseinemployment.C.Itoffersafour—yeardegreeineducation.19.Whichoneissuitableforthosewhowanttogetacertificateassoonaspossible?A.SportsAdministratorscourse.B.PhysicalEducationTeachers'course.C.ThePhysicalFitnessInstructors'course.20.What'sthepurposeofthetalk?A.Toadvertisethecourses.B.Tointroducedifferentcourses.C.Togivetipsonchoosingcourses.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASummerServersSummerServerscontactsareanonprofitstodeterminethenumberofvolunteersneededattheorganizationsthroughoutthesummerweeks.StudentssignupforvolunteerexpeditionswithSummerServersattheActivitiesFaironOpeningWeekend.TripsarescheduledthroughoutthesummeronSaturdays.Visitthewebsiteorcall(617)495—3454tolearnmoreinformation.HarvardSummerSchoolOrchestraTheHarvardSummerSchoolOrchestraiscurrentlyinitsthirtyfifthseasonunderthedirectionofJudithZuckerman.Practisesessionsarefrom6:30pmto9pm,inSandersTheatre,onthefollowingdates:Friday,June28;Mondays,startingJuly1;andFriday,July26.TheperformanceisscheduledforSaturday,July27,at8pm,inSandersTheatre,MemorialHall.Formoreinformation,pleaseemailhsso@verizon.net.HarvardSummerPopsBandThebandisopentomostinstrumentplayersfrombothHarvardandtheGreaterBostonarea,regardlessofageorexperience.PractisesessionsareWednesdaysinSandersTheatrefrom7:15pmto9:30pm,startingJune24.Thebandwillperformtwoconcerts.ThefirstonJuly23at4pminTercentenaryTheatre,HarvardYard,andthesecondonJuly26at3pmattheHatchMemorialShellinBoston.Formoreinformation,emailmeolson@fas.Harvard.edu.HarvardSummerChorusThechorus,foundedin1936,isledbyAndrewClark,Harvard1.Whichofthefollowingsuitsthosewhoareonlyavailableontheweekend?A.SummerServers. B.HarvardSummerSchoolOrchestra.C.HarvardSummerPopsBand. D.HarvardSummerChorus.2.WhatdoweknowaboutHarvardSummerPopsBand?A.Therearetwopracticesessionsintotal. B.It'sonlysuitableforexperiencedplayers.C.Eachpracticesessionlastsnearly3hours. D.Theconcertswillbeheldindifferenttheatres.3.Whatdothethreemusicalclubshaveinmon?A.Theyalldatebacktooverthreedecadesago.B.TheyallhaveperformancesinSandersTheatre.C.Alloftheiractivitiesarescheduledinthesummer.D.Theyallhavepractisesessionsatleasttwiceaweek.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个音乐俱乐部和一个乐队夏天的演出活动安排。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“StudentssignupforvolunteerexpeditionswithSummerServersattheActivitiesFaironOpeningWeekend.TripsarescheduledthroughoutthesummeronSaturdays.(在开幕周末的活动会上，学生们与暑期服务员一起报名参加志愿者探险活动。整个夏天都安排在星期六旅行)”可推断，SummerServers适合那些只在周末有空的人。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HarvardSummerPopsBand部分中“Thebandwillperformtwoconcerts.ThefirstonJuly23at4pminTercentenaryTheatre,HarvardYard,andthesecondonJuly26at3pmattheHatchMemorialShellinBoston.(乐队将演出两场音乐会。第一场于7月23日下午4点在哈佛广场的三百周年纪念剧院举行，第二场于7月26日下午3点在波士顿的哈奇纪念堂举行)”可知，HarvardSummerPopsBand的音乐会将在不同的剧院举行。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“TripsarescheduledthroughoutthesummeronSaturdays.(整个夏天都安排在星期六旅行)”；第二段中“Practisesessionsarefrom6:30pmto9pm,inSandersTheatre,onthefollowingdates:Friday,June28;Mondays,startingJuly1;andFriday,July26.TheperformanceisscheduledforSaturday,July27,at8pm,inSandersTheatre,MemorialHall.(练习时间安排如下：6月28日星期五下午6点半至9点在桑德斯剧院，从7月1日开始每周一练习，7月26日星期五。演出定于7月27日星期六晚上8点在纪念馆桑德斯剧院举行)”以及最后一段中“PractisesessionsareTuesdaysandThursdays,7pmto9:30pm,inSandersTheatre,startingTuesday,June25.ThefinalperformanceisscheduledforFriday,August2,at8pm,inSandersTheatre,MemorialHall.(练习时间为从6月25日星期二开始每周周二和周四，晚上7点到9点30分，在桑德斯剧院。最后一场演出定于8月2日周五晚上8点在纪念馆桑德斯剧院举行)”可知，这三个音乐俱乐部的共同点在于他们所有的活动都安排在夏天。故选C。BWarnerBros.’sWonderWoman1984,theonlybigmoviestillscheduledtobereleased(发行)intheatersthisyear,willeoutonAT&TInc.’sHBOMaxthesamedayitappearsincinemas,anunusualapproachthatshowshowmuchthecoronaviruspandemic(疫情)hasaffectedHollywood.ThefilmwillappearintheU.S.theatersandHBOMaxonDec.25,ninedaysafteritstartsappearingatcinemasininternationalmarkets,WarnerBros.,saidinastatementWednesday.HBOMaxsubscriberswillhaveamonthtoseethemovieatnoadditionalcost.Thefilm’sdirector,PattyJenkins,confirmedthemoveearlierinatweet,sayingthatfansshouldseethemovieintheatersifit’ssafetodoso—otherwise,theycanenjoyitathome.ReleasingawouldbehitlikeWonderWoman1984tohomeandtheateraudiencesmeanwhilewouldhavebeenunthinkableearlierthisyear,andfordecadesbeforethat.However,thepandemichasmadeitimpossibleforstudiostogeneratethekindofreturnsattheboxofficetheyneedtorecovertheirinvestmentsinbigfilms.CinemasintwoofthebiggestmoviegoingmarketsintheUSLosAngelesAgainstthisbackground,severalmajormoviesfromotherstudioswereshownonlinethisyear,includingWaltDisneyCo.’sMulan.Thestudioshavebeentypicallychargingabout$20toseethosefilmsathome.WonderWoman1984won’thaveanextrafee,butitwillrequirefanstosignupforHBOMax,whichcosts$15amonth.Underanyothersetofcircumstances,amovelikethiswouldbedecriedbytheaterowners,whohavelongenjoyedtherighttoexclusivelyshownewhitfilmsfortwoorthreemonths.However,they’vebeenstruckbytheeffectsofthecoronavirus.Mostcinemashavebeenclosedforportionsof2020andthosethathavereopeneddon’thavemanynewmoviestoshow.Mostbigfilmshavebeendelayeduntil2021.4.WhatmakesthemovieWonderWoman1984differentfromothermoviesreleasedthisyear?A.Theapproachofreleasing. B.Thetimeitwillbeonshow.C.Highexpectationfromaudience. D.Thetheaterswhereitwillbereleased.5.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thetoughchallengesstudioshavetoface.B.WaysC.Theinfluencethepandemichashadonfilmindustry.D.ThepossiblesuccessofthemovieWonderWoman1984.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decried”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Appreciated. B.Accused. C.Valued. D.mented.7.Wheredoesthistextprobablyefrom?A.Anewsreport. B.Afilmreview.C.Amovieadvertisement. D.Ahitfiction.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了华纳兄弟的《神奇女侠1984》是今年唯一一部仍计划在影院上映的大片，这种不同寻常的方式显示出冠状病毒疫情对好莱坞的影响。这场疫情使得制片厂无法获得收回对大型电影投资所需的票房回报。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“WarnerBros.’sWonderWoman1984,theonlybigmoviestillscheduledtobereleasedintheatersthisyear…”可知，华纳兄弟的《神奇女侠1984》是今年唯一一部计划在电影院上映的大片，由此可知，其他电影不是在电影院上映，该电影与其他电影在上映方式有所不同。故选A项。【5题详解】主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第四段内容可知，转折句“However,thepandemichasmadeitimpossibleforstudiostogeneratethekindofreturnsattheboxofficetheyneedtorecovertheirinvestmentsinbigfilms.(然而，这场疫情使得制片厂无法获得收回对大型电影投资所需的票房回报。)”为本段是主题句，由此可知，本段主要介绍了在疫情对于美国电影行业的大环境的影响。故选C项。【6题详解】词义猜测题。结合上下文语境可知，“Underanyothersetofcircumstances,amovelikethiswouldbedecriedbytheaterowners,whohavelongenjoyedtherighttoexclusivelyshownewhitfilmsfortwoorthreemonths.”句中“Underanyothersetofcircumstances”应是指疫情影响下的“不景气的”电影行业的状况，“likethis”应是指《神奇女侠1984》这部要在电影院发行的电影，后文“However,they’vebeenstruckbytheeffectsofthecoronavirus.Mostcinemashavebeenclosedforportionsof2020andthosethathavereopeneddon’thavemanynewmoviestoshow.Mostbigfilmshavebeendelayeduntil2021.”提到了电影院受到了冠状病毒的影响。大多数电影院在2020年的部分时间里都关闭了，那些重新开放的电影院也没有多少新电影上映。大多数大片都被推迟到2021年。因此在受到疫情影响情况下，在电影院发行这部电影，不会使电影院得到收益，对于以此方式方式发行的电影，电影院（老板）并不喜欢，会“批判”或“谴责”。由此推断，“decried”应是“谴责”含义。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章首段“WarnerBros.’sWonderWoman1984,theonlybigmoviestillscheduledtobereleasedintheatersthisyear,willeoutonAT&TInc.’sHBOMaxthesamedayitappearsincinemas,anunusualapproachthatshowshowmuchthecoronaviruspandemichasaffectedHollywood.(华纳兄弟的《神奇女侠1984》是今年唯一一部仍计划在影院上映的大片，它将在影院上映的同一天在美国电报公司的HBOMax上映，这种不同寻常的方式显示出冠状病毒大流行对好莱坞的影响有多大。)”揭示了文章的话题，文章其他段落围绕该话题进行了详细的解释和讨论，由此判断，首段为新闻报道中的“导语”部分，因此该文章应是新闻报道。故选A项。CDuringthe"goldenweek"nationalholidaythatbeganonOctober1st,hundredsofthousandsofsightseersflockedtoLijiang,apicturesquehistorictowninthesouthwesternprovinceofYunnan.AmongitsattractionsarethesymbolsprintedbeneaththeChinesecharactersonroadsignsandshopfronts（Starbucksincluded）.TheyareDongbapictographs,anancientformofscriptDongbawasneverwidelyusedbytheNaxi,ofwhomthereareabout300,000livingintheHimalayanfoothillsnearLijiang,aswellasinTibetandSichuanprovince.Thepictographs,whichevolvedasearlyastheseventhcentury,weredevelopedbyshamans（巫师）oftheDongbafaith,whichhasrootsinTibet.Over20,000ofthesereligiousrecordssurvive.TheyproviderichinsightintohowNaxipeoplethoughtaboutwar,geography,astronomyandagriculture.Buttheyareextremelyhardtoread.Linguistsarehelpedbythearea'sDongbapriests（神职人员）.Thereareabout600,mostofthemveryold,includingYangGuoxing,whoranaschoolfrom2010to2015toteachDongbatochildrenlivinginthemountains.WhenMrYangwasgrowingup,“everyonewastoobusyfarming”tolearnit.Nowtheyareallbusysoakingupthepopculture，hesays.SignsatbusstationsinruralYunnanencouragelocalstousewrittenandspokenChinese.ButtheNaxigetofflightlyparedwithotherethnicminorities.PrimaryschoolsinLijiangteachtheDongbascripttwiceaweek,aswellasNaxinurseryrhymes.LiDejing,headoftheDongbaCultureResearchInstitute,saysthisisnotjustaboutkeepingalivethepictographs,butlettingchildrengrasp“theveryspiritoftheirownculture”.AndthiswillalsohelptourismtodevelopinLijiang.8.WhatdoweknowabouttheDongbascript?A.Itiswidelyusedbylocalpeople.B.Itwasatoolusedbycertainpeople.C.Itwasquitepopularatcertainperiods.D.Ithasahistoryofmorethan3000years.9.AccordingtoYangGuoxing,whatmakesitdifficulttospreadtheDongbascript?A.Onlypriestscanreadit.B.It'sextremelyhardtoread.C.Itsvaluehasn'tbeenfullyrecognized.D.Peoplearetoobusytolearnanewlanguage.10.WhathasbeendonetokeeptheDongbascriptalive?A.Newschoolsareopenedtoteachit.B.Sometouristsareinvitedtopreserveit.C.OnlytheDongbascriptcanbeusedinschools.D.Peoplearemoreexposedtothislanguagethanbefore.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.TheDongbaScriptIsDying B.TheHistoryoftheDongbaScriptC.TheDongbaScriptSurvivesinLijiang D.TheInfluenceoftheDongbaScript【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述丽江东巴文字在当地人们的帮助下得以存活下来的故事。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“TheyareDongbapictographs,anancientformofscript（文字）thatoriginatedamongtheNaxi,alocalethnicgroup.Italmostdieduntilaboutadecadeago,whenlocalofficialsbegantorealizeitsvalueandcoveredthetownwithit.（它们是东巴象形文字，一种起源于当地民族纳西族的古老文字形式。直到大约十年前，它几乎消失了，当地官员开始意识到它的价值，用它覆盖了整个城镇。）”可知，东巴文字是纳西族人们用来交流的工具，属于这一部分人特有的交流方式。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“WhenMrYangwasgrowingup,“everyonewastoobusyfarming”tolearnit.Nowtheyareallbusysoakingupthepopculture，hesays.（在杨先生的成长过程中，“每个人都忙着务农”，没有时间学习。他说，现在他们都在忙着吸收流行文化。）“可知，杨国兴（音译）认为让巴东文字很难传播开来的主要原因是巴东文字的价值没有得到人们的充分认可。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“PrimaryschoolsinLijiangteachtheDongbascripttwiceaweek,aswellasNaxinurseryrhymes.LiDejing,headoftheDongbaCultureResearchInstitute,saysthisisnotjustaboutkeepingalivethepictographs,butlettingchildrengrasp“theveryspiritoftheirownculture”.（丽江的小学每周教两次东巴文字，还教纳西族童谣。东巴文化研究所所长李德景表示，这不仅仅是为了让这些象形文字存活下来，而是让孩子们掌握“自己文化的精髓”。）”可知，现在丽江当地人能更多地接触到东巴文字，这让东巴文字得以存活下来。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Italmostdieduntilaboutadecadeago,whenlocalofficialsbegantorealizeitsvalueandcoveredthetownwithit.（直到大约十年前，它几乎消失了，当地官员开始意识到它的价值，用它覆盖了整个城镇。）”和最后一段“LiDejing,headoftheDongbaCultureResearchInstitute,saysthisisnotjustaboutkeepingalivethepictographs,butlettingchildrengrasp“theveryspiritoftheirownculture（东巴文化研究所所长李德景表示，这不仅仅是为了让这些象形文字存活下来，而是让孩子们掌握“自己文化的精髓”）”可知，本文主要讲述丽江东巴文字在当地人们的帮助下得以存活下来的故事。故选C。DBig,oldtreesaredyingfasterthaninthepast,leavingyounger,lessbiodiverseforeststhatstorelesscarbonworldwide.Theygiveuspaperandfuel,aswellasvitalecologicalservices—likecleaningtheair,storingcarbonandprovidinghabitat.We’retalkingabouttrees,ofcourse.Buthumanchangestotheenvironmentappeartobecausingprofoundchangestotreesaroundtheworld.Inanewstudy,scientistsreviewedglobalresearchontrendsintreeseedlingsgrowthanddeath.Theybinedthosedatawithananalysisofdeforestation.Andtheyfoundthatworldwide,oldertreesaredyingatahigherratethaninthepastduetofactorslikerisingairtemperature,wildfires,droughtandpathogens(病原菌).“Andmostofthedriversofthatdecreaseinlarge,oldtreesareincreasingthemselves,suchastemperatureisgoingup,droughtsaremoresevere,wildfires,windstormsanddeforestationareallontheincrease—althoughvariableacrosstheglobe—they’regenerallyincreasing.Andsoforboththelosshasalreadyoccurred,butweexpectmorecontinuedlossofbig,oldtrees.”saidNateMcDowell,anearthscientistatPacificNorthwestNationalLab,whowasoneofthestudy’sauthors.“Soifwehaveanincreasingrateofdeath,particularlyofthelarger,oldertrees,what’sleftaretheyoungertrees.Sothat’swhy,onaverage,throughthelossofbigger,oldertrees,ourforestsarebeinginherently(天生地)youngerandshorter.”Thistrendisaproblem,becauseoldtreesarevitallyimportant.“Forsure,theincreaseindeathdoeslimitthecarbonstorageofanecosystemandcanforcethesystemtobeeacarbonsourcetotheatmosphere.Thesecondreasonwecareisfromabiodiversityperspective:oldtreestendtohouseahigherbiodiversitythanyoungforestsdo.Andthethirdreasonisaesthetic:asasociety,wecareaboutthesetrees.Wehavenationalparksnamedafterthesebigtrees.Sothere’sapersonalreasonforpeopletocareaboutthisaswell.”12.Whathasthenewstudyfoundabouttheforests?A.Forestsaregettingyoungerandshorter.B.Manyfactorscausethedeathofbigoldtrees.C.Oldtreesarebeneficialtohumansinmanyways.D.Thedeathofbigoldtreesinfluencesbiodiversity.13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thedrivers”inParagraph3referto?A.Thedeathratesofbigoldtrees.B.Thetrendsinthedeathofbigoldtrees.C.Thehumanchangestotheenvironment.D.Thefactorscausinghighdeathrateofoldtrees.14.Howisthesignificanceofbigoldtreesillustrated?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byanalyzingreasons.C.Bylistingfacts. D.Byprovidingfigures.15.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectoldtrees.B.Toillustrateaphenomenonaboutoldtrees.C.Tosharethefindingsofanewstudyabouttrees.D.Toanalyzethereasonswhysometreesaredyingfaster.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类对环境的改变似乎正在给世界各地的树木带来深刻的变化：古树在减少，森林越来越年轻。从而论述了古树减少的原因以及号召人们保护古树。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Andtheyfoundthatworldwide,oldertreesaredyingatahigherratethaninthepastduetofactorslikerisingairtemperature,wildfires,droughtandpathogens.”可知，研究发现，在世界范围内，由于气温上升、野火、干旱和病原体等因素，古树死亡速度比过去要快。根据第四段“throughthelossofbigger,oldertrees,ourforestsarebeinginherentlyyoungerandshorter”由于更大、更老的树木的消失，我们的森林正变得越来越年轻、越来越矮。故选A项。【13题详解】词义猜测题。分析可知，划线单词所在句“Andmostofthedriversofthatdecreaseinlarge,oldtreesareincreasingthemselves,suchastemperatureisgoingup,droughtsaremoresevere,wildfires,windstormsanddeforestationareallontheincrease—althoughvariableacrosstheglobe—they’regenerallyincreasing.”而且，导致大型古树数量减少的thedrivers也在增加，比如气温上升、干旱更加严重、野火、风暴和森林砍伐都在增加——尽管全球变化不一——但它们总体上都在增加。由此可知，气温上升、干旱更加严重、野火、风暴和森林砍伐都是古树死亡率高的原因。故划线词的意思是“古树死亡率高的原因”。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“Forsure,theincreaseindeathdoeslimitthecarbonstorageofanecosystemandcanforcethesystemtobeeacarbonsourcetotheatmosphere.Thesecondreasonwecareisfromabiodiversityperspective:oldtreestendtohouseahigherbiodiversitythanyoungforestsdo.Andthethirdreasonisaesthetic:asasociety,wecareaboutthesetrees.Wehavenationalparksnamedafterthesebigtrees.Sothere’sapersonalreasonforpeopletocareaboutthisaswell.(当然，死亡人数的增加确实限制了生态系统的碳储量，并可能迫使该系统成为大气中的碳源。我们关心的第二个原因是从生物多样性的角度来看：古树往往比年轻的森林拥有更高的生物多样性。第三个原因是审美：作为一个社会，我们关心这些树木。我们有以这些大树命名的国家公园。所以人们关心这个问题也是有个人原因的。)”可知，该段使用了“Thesecondreason;thethirdreason;apersonalreason”的分析理由的方式说明了古树的重要性。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。通过阅读文章可知，文章结构为总分结构，首段内容揭示了文章的主旨要义：“Big,oldtreesaredyingfasterthaninthepast,leavingyounger,lessbiodiverseforeststhatstorelesscarbonworldwide.Theygiveuspaperandfuel,aswellasvitalecologicalservices—likecleaningtheair,storingcarbonandprovidinghabitat.We’retalkingabouttrees,ofcourse.Buthumanchangestotheenvironmentappeartobecausingprofoundchangestotreesaroundtheworld.(与过去相比，古老的大树正在以更快的速度死去，留下了更年轻、更少生物多样性的森林，从而在全球范围内储存更少的碳。它们为我们提供纸张和燃料，以及清洁空气、储存碳和提供栖息地等重要的生态服务。当然，我们说的是树。但是人类对环境的改变似乎正在给世界各地的树木带来深刻的变化。)”，且文章末尾部分内容“Thistrendisaproblem,becauseoldtreesarevitallyimportant.(这种趋势是个问题，因为古树至关重要。)”强调了古树的重要性，因此可知，文章主要通过一个科学研究讲述了对于人类有着重要作用的古树却由于人类的行为在减少，由此可推知，文章的主要目的是号召人们保护古树。故选A项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyouinvesttoomuchvalueintowordsaddedbystrangers?Nomatterwhatyoudoorsay,orhowyouact,peoplewillalwaysgivetheiropinionsaboutyou.___16___Otherwise,you'llallowothers'opinionstonotonlyhurtyou,butoftendefineyou.Herearewaystostopcaringaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofyou.Keepinmindnoteveryonecares.Everyoneistroubledbyanxiety,andtheymightbetoobusytoimmediatelyrecognizeyours.___17___They'realwaystoobusythinkingabouttheirfamilies,work,andwhateverelsetoformadetailedopinionaboutyou.Thinkaboutwhoyouwanttobe.Byallowingothers'opinionstoinfluenceanddominateyourlife,you'rehandingthemyourpower.Ifyoucanrelatetothis,askyourself,whatdoyouwant?Areyoumakingthesechoicesonlytoimpressothers?____18____Acceptnoteveryonewilllikeyou.Inlife,somepeoplewilllikeyouandothersmightnot.___19___Butmostofthetime,that'stheirmindsetonly,whichhasnothingtodowithyou.Therewillbepeoplewhowillacceptallofyouandpeoplewhowillbesupportiveandkind.Thesearethepeoplewhodeservetowalkwithyou.____20____Youmayworryaboutendinguplookinglikeafoolbecauseofamistake,butmistakesareunavoidable.Whenyouovereyourfearofmakingmistakesandbuildresiliencetothepainthatmayefromfailure,youwillbeunstoppable.Onewaytodealwithanxietiesaboutmessingupistomakealistofallthepossiblethingsthatcouldgowrong.A.Takeonthechallenges.B.Don'tletthemgettoyou.C.Theonlyopinionthatmatterstoyouisyours.D.Thekeyistobeselectiveaboutwhatyoucareabout.E.Peopleallaroundyouhaveenoughtooccupytheirminds.F.Itisreallyhardtofacesomeonewhohasnegativeviewsofyou.G.Evenyourdecisions,fromthisangle,willhelpyoubeeselfconfident.【答案】16.B17.E18.D19.F20.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲如何正确看待别人对自己的评价。【16题详解】下文“Otherwise,you'llallowothers'opinionstonotonlyhurtyou,butoftendefineyou.”可知，否则他人的意见不仅能伤害你，还经常定义你。根据otherwise可知，前文说的是不要让他人影响你。B.Don'tletthemgettoyou.不要让他们影响到你。符合句意与下文为转折关系，故选B。【17题详解】根据本段中心句“Keepinmindnoteveryonecares”可知，本段主要大意是不是所有人都在乎。上文“Everyoneistroubledbyanxiety,andtheymightbetoobusytoimmediatelyrecognizeyours.”每个人都被焦虑所困扰，他们可能因为太忙而没有马上意识到你的焦虑。E.Peopleallaroundyouhaveenoughtooccupytheirminds.你身边的人有足够多的事情占据他们的思想。此句承接上文，troubledbyanxiety呼应occupytheirminds。故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“Ifyoucanrelatetothis,askyourself,whatdoyouwant?”可知，问一问自己你想要什么。D.Thekeyistobeselectiveaboutwhatyoucareabout.关键是对你所关心的事情要有选择性，选择你真正在乎的，与他人无关，符合本段主题，whatdoyouwant呼应whatyoucareabout。故选D。【19题详解】上文“Acceptnoteveryonewilllikeyou.Inlife,somepeoplewilllikeyouandothersmightnot.”接受生活中不是所有人都喜欢你。F.Itisreallyhardtofacesomeonewhohasnegativeviewsofyou.面对这些对你有消极印象的人真的很难。选项中的“someonewhohasnegativeviewsofyou”呼应前文的“Acceptnoteveryonewilllikeyou.”，承接上文，符合语境，故选F。【20题详解】下文“Youmayworryaboutendinguplookinglikeafoolbecauseofamistake,butmistakesareunavoidable.”，不要担心犯错后像个傻子，错误是不可避免的。可知，多做有挑战的事可以得到成长。A.Takeonthechallenges.接受挑战，符合本段大意，故选A。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MenningertookthehardwaytoclimbEverest—theworld’stallestpeak___21___hikeitup,hedecidedtoclimbasanonnativeEverestporter(挑夫),whichmeant___22___packsweighingupto220poundsalongrough,highaltitudetrails(小路).Menningercameupwithsucha(n)___23___afterspendingaseasonasaguideinNepal,andbeing___24___withlifeoftheseporters.“Mygoalwastohavethesameexperience”,heexplains.Thephysicalandemotional___25___ofthejobislaid___26___asMenningerisfilmedstrugglingwithapackconsistingofmultiplebagstiedtogether,___27___tryingtosleepatnightincrowdedfreezingporterhouses.Atypicalday___28___wakingupataround7:30amandgoingtotheclient’shotelto___29___theirbagsandbeginningtotrek(长途跋涉).Portershaveto____30____fortheirownacmodationduringtreks.Someevenregularlygowithout____31____tokeepcostsdown.Astheyaren’t____32____untilthelastday,theyhavenoideawhetherthetrekhasbeeneconomicallyworthwhileuntilthey’ve____33____it.Lifeisnever____34____forthem.LastyearwasoneofEverest’sdeadliestclimbingseasons,largely____35____difficultweatherconditions,andlackofexperience.____36____theproblemsisalackofmunicationbetweentheportersandtheirmostlywealthyclients.Withhisfilmshotduringthistoughtrek,Menningerwishesmorewere____37____ofhowmuchportersrelyontheirlowsalaries,andhowmuchtheycontributetotheoverallEverestexperience.“____38____,myfilmcouldencouragethoseportersby____39____whatthey’reableto____40____andhowhardtheywork.”21.A.Otherthan B.Simply C.Ratherthan D.Directly22.A.carrying B.preparing C.mailing D.wrapping23.A.approach B.conclusion C.suggestion D.idea24.A.pleased B.bored C.fascinated D.disappointed25.A.payment B.price C.enjoyment D.courage26.A.uncovered B.messy C.untouched D.understandable27.A.but B.or C.while D.and28.A.takes B.involves C.indicates D.requires29.A.search B.collect C.deliver D.repair30.A.fight B.ask C.work D.pay31.A.meals B.permission C.money D.limit32.A.dismissed B.praised C.tipped D.satisfied33.A.climbed B.experienced C.reached D.pleted34.A.easy B.challenging C.encouraging D.tough35.A.focusingon B.owingto C.dependingon D.leadingto36.A.Respondingto B.Bringingabout C.Gettingridof D.Addingto37.A.aware B.informed C.warned D.sure38.A.Joyfully B.Unfortunately C.Generally D.Hopefully39.A.examining B.claiming C.showing D.announcing40.A.understand B.bear C.plain D.imagine【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.B30.D31.A32.C33.D34.A35.B36.D37.A38.D39.C40.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过讲述主人公Menninger的“挑夫”经历展示了珠穆朗玛峰上挑夫的艰辛生活，Menninger将自己的这个经历拍摄成影片，希望能够让更多人的了解他们的生活和工作，同时希望能够给他们带来鼓励。【21题详解】考查介词短语和副词词义辨析。句意：Menninger采取了艰苦的方式攀登世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰，他决定以非本地的珠穆朗玛峰挑夫的身份攀登，而不是徒步攀登，这意味着带着重达220磅的背包沿着崎岖的高海拔路线攀登。A.Otherthan除了；B.Simply简单地；C.Ratherthan而不是；D.Directly直接地。根据后文“hedecidedtoclimbasanonnativeEverest