初中英语完型填空解题技巧

./初中英语完形填空解题技巧[复习要点]完形填空题是对学生英语语言知识与语言运用能力的一种测试。其考查的形式灵活,综合性较强,要求考生能综合运用所学的知识在特定的语境中进行合理的推理判断,并能准确地从四个备选项中选出正确答案,使补足后的短文结构完整,意义通畅。一．完形填空题的特点完形填空题能够较为准确地检查学生的各项知识水平和综合运用语言知识的能力。这种题型的主要考查内容为：词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法；②固定搭配与习惯表达；③阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力。近年来,完形填空题更侧重对语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考查。完形填空题〔clozetest它有以下两大特点和规律：第一,一篇完形填空题是一个有机的整体。尽管看起来形式上有残缺〔若干个空,但它的内容、语言习惯,句与句之间的衔接点,句子与段落之间的联系,段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。因此,在做完形填空题时,通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次是十分重要的一步。考生解题时必须自始至终依托语境,注意上下文之间、词与词之间,从语法到意义的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上启下的过渡词等,如so,but,however,then,therefore,also等。第二,完形填空题选材广泛。它涉及社会、政治、经济；文化、教育、历史、地理、科普知识、人物故事等。因此,考生做完形填空题时,要快速通览全文,了解文章概貌与各段落的中心意思,把握文章主旨脉络,掌握文章作者的意图。二．完形填空题的设空规律为了对完形填空题的各种类型有一个深入的了解,探索一下该题型的设空规律是有必要的。⑴上下文直接信息题：本类题的设置特点是,四个选项之间不存在词义区别和用法比较。考生应着眼于对上下文信息的捕捉和对上下文暗示的领会。如下列"考题1"中的第7、8、9小题。⑵词、句、文三结合理解题：本类题的设置特点是：其中某一个或几个选项代入空白处会使句意不通或严重违背上下句意义的衔接或直接与短文内容不符,考生在做这类题时要对各选项的词义作准确的把握。如下列"考题1”中的第4、5小题。⑶词义辨析题：本类题的设置特点是,各选项代入空中后该句的语法都是正确的,但是句子出现了几种不同的含义。在做这类题时,考生要认真比较各词之间的细微差别。如下列"考题1”中的第1、11、15小题。⑷语法知识和固定短语考查题：考生在解答本类题时要注意句子的语法结构要正确：如时态、语态等；对固定短语要注意其结构的完整性,如下列"考题1”中的第10小题。⑸行文逻辑和全文中心把握题：本类题的设空特点是：把各选项中的对象代入空格中可导致上下文之间出现因果关系、递进关系、转折关系、条件关系等。做本类题时,考生要注意全文的主线或脉络,仔细分析上下文之间的逻辑关系,从而准确地选出正确答案。如下列"考题1”中的第2、13小题。三．完形填空解题技巧在做这类题的时候,希望考生一定要牢记四个步骤,反复训练,使自己在短时间内有一个比较好的成绩。第一步就是通读全文,领会大意,第二步就是紧扣内容,分析对比备选答案,第三步就是瞻前顾后,全文贯通,,第四步就是复查核对,决定取舍。1．通读全文,领会大意完形填空题不同于单项选择填空题。单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子,根据本句或前后句就可以判定所选的答案。而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文,所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做题前,必须先浏览全文,了解短文的大意,这是绝不可省的一步。2.紧扣内容,分析对比备选答案完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题,但短文的主题句,往往在每段文章的首句,有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等,这是深入了解全文的"窗口",甚至能以语句为立足点,从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。分析时应注意以下几点：<1>当遇到一个需要填的词时,首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么？词性是什么？<2>如果需要填的是名词,就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。<3>如果需要填的是形容词或副词,就应考虑是用原级或是比较级,还是最高级。<4>如果需要填的是动词,则要考虑动词的时态,语态,人称变化,语气以及非谓语动词〔不定式和动词-ing形式的一般式,被动式和完成式等。<5>如果需要填空的是介词,则要注意固定搭配的用法。<6>如果需要填的是冠词,则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词。<7>另外要注意一些固定句型。3.瞻前顾后,全文贯通短文中每个空白处的正确答案和气上下文在意思上和结构上都有这样或那样的必然联系。一般说来,所选答案只有和上下文和结构上都吻合的时候,才是正确答案。因此,必须注意上下的参照,连贯思考。如果答案一时确定不下来,切记不要耽误太久,可暂放一边,待其他答案选好之后,再回过头来仔细推敲。试题所提供的短文可以说是一个整体,空白处所需要选的答案只是整体中的一部分。有时候,所选答案从局部看是可行的,但从整体看,不见的是最佳的答案。这时就要局部服从整体,从短文的整体内容出发,重新选择答案。对于那些拿不定主意或未能选答的空白,不要仅局限在与上下文的对照上,要把视野扩大到全文。有时一旦和整篇短文联系起来,就可豁然开朗,很容易选出正确答案。4.复查核对,决定取舍全部题目作完以后,要仔细考查核对。填完空白后,重读全文,这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解,对文章的理解也就更进了一步,也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而如果在此时再读一遍文章,就有可能会发现一些其他原来没有注意到的问题,也就能够根据对语篇的理解及内在的联系,反复推敲,比较异同,从而选择一个更符合文章意义的答案,其方法是:把短文连同所选答案细读一遍,凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来,然后将每个空白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照,务求一一过关,避免遗漏。若发现原所选答案与复查时所选答案不同,不要急于涂改,待认真斟酌核实后,再决定取舍。另外,在平时的练习中,对每一篇完形填空均可重复作上几遍,通过反复的练习,不但可以牢固地掌握所学基础知识,而且能够提高完形填空的应试能力。[例题解析]1．完形填空：阅读下面短文,选出最佳答案："Ring…ring…"thetelephonesuddenlyrang.Samgotupto1thecall.Itwashisaunt."Sam,2areyoustillathome?"sheaskedsurprisingly.Sam1ookedattheclock.Itwasalready7:30a.m."Oh,mygoodness!There’sanimportant3today,"Samshoutedout.Hehurriedtowashhisfaceandget4.Whenhewasgoingtoleavethehouse,he5thathehadnotputawayhisbooks.Heranquicklytothe6andputthemintothebag.Hethenwenttothebusstoptogotoschoolas7ashecould.Whenhegotintotheclassroom,hisclassmateswere8writing."Whyareyouso9?"askedtheteacher."I’msorry,sir,"Samanswered,afraidoflooking10."Itwasmyclock.It11towakemeupthismorningand""Don'tsayanythingaboutit,"histeacher12him."Don’ttrytocomelatenexttime!"Samsaidyesandwalkedtohis13quickly.Butwhenhetriedtodothepaper,hecouldnot14inarightway.Heputhisheadonthedeskandsaid,"Whata151.A.findB.giveC.putD.answer2.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where3.A.talkB.partyC.examD.meeting4.A.tiredB.lostC.dressedD.rested5.A.forgotB.rememberedC.understoodD.thought6.A.classroomB.deskC.busD.door7.A.carefullyB.quietlyC.earlyD.fast8.A.worriedB.freeC.busyD.careful9.A.1ateB.illC.lonelyD.ready10.A.downB.upC.outD.back11.A.happenedB.stoppedC.failedD.pointed12.A.helpedB.knewC.followedD.stopped13.A.roomB.tableC.seatD.teacher14.A.thinkB.sitC.turnD.speak15.A.shortB.badC.happyD.usual[限时训练]<A>JackisanEnglishteacheratacollege．HemovedtoNewYorkCitywith_41__family．Jackisanexcellentteacher．Soweallmissedhimverymuchsincehe_42__．Twoweeksago,JackcamebacktoNorthCarolinaforashortvisit．Theteachersandstudentsheldasmall_43__forhim．Attheparty．Icertainlywouldnot_44__thatgoodchancetolearnEnglish．SoItriedtothinkofallkindsoftopicstotalk_45__Grace,anotherEnglishteacher．SuddenlyIheardJacksaytoothers_46__,"IdigNewYork!"IimmediatelyaskedGrace,"IsitreallydifficulttofindajobinNewYork?"WhydoesJack_47__doheavyworksinceheissuchagoodteacher?’’"Whydoyouthinkthat?"Graceaskedme．‘‘Haven’tyouheardhim_48__thatheisdiggingNewYork?Ishebuildinganundergroundpassage?"Iasked．WhenshefinallyrealizedwhatImeant,Gracelaughedtotears．Shethenaskedus_49_weknewthemeaningof"IdigNewYork．"Allofusshookour_50__．SoGraceaskedJacktoexplainit•Itturnsoutthat"IdigNewYork"means"IloveNewYork"inAmericanslang<俚语>．<>41.A.heB.hisC.himself<>42.A.leftB.leavesC.leave<>43.A.meetingB.partyC.lecture<>44.A.lookupB.callupC.giveup<>45.A.withB.atC.of<>46.A.angrilyB.sadlyC.loudly<>47.A.havetoB.hadtoC.hasto<>48.A.talkB.sayC.speak<>49.A.thatB.whetherC.what<>50.A.handsB.armsC.heads<B>Haveyoueverdonesomethingsillythatmadeyoufeelsoembarrassed<尴尬的>?Well,IhadareallybadSaturdaymorning．Iwentshoppinglastweek,_41__mywayhome,Itbegantorain．Iquicklyranintoaphonebox_42__Ididn'thaveanumbrella．ItwasraininghardandIdecidedto_43__inthephoneboxuntilitstopped._44__minuteslater,Isawayoungmanwalkuptothephonebox,wearingayellowraincoatandholdingatoolbox.Ididn’twanttogooutintotherain,soI_45__thephoneandpretendedIwastalkingtosomeone.Ithoughthewouldgoaway,buthedidn’t．Hewaitedinthe_46__rain,watchingmewavemyhandsaboutandactasif1wasdeepinconversation．_47_,therainstoppedafterabouttenminutes．"OK,Mum,"Isaidloudlyintothephone,"I’llseeyoulater.Bye!"Iputthephonedownandwentoutofthephonebox."I’msorrytokeepyou_48__forsolong,"Isaidtotheman．"Oh,Idon’twanttousethephone,"hereplied．"I'vejustcometorepairit．Itdoesn’twork．"Myfaceturned_49__andIquicklyranoffwithmyheaddown.Thatwascertainlythemostembarrassing_50__ofmylife!<>41.A.atB.onC.in<>42.A.soB.andC.because<>43.A.stayB.liveC.come<>44.A.AfewB.AlittleC.Alot<>45.A.lookedupB.pickedupC.turnedup<>46.A.bigB.strongC.heavy<>47.A.LuckilyB.LuckC.Lucky<>48.A.waitB.waitingC.waited<>49.A.greenB.redC.white<>50.A.chanceB.wayC.time〔CEveryoneknowspeopleneedwater．Butdoyouknowjusthow__41_wateristolivingthings?Maybeyoufeellucky__42_yourlifeisn’thard.Butitdoesn’tmeanthatyoudon’thavetoworryaboutwater．Weallfaceseriouswater__43_．Oneofthemiswaterpollution．Allkindsofthingsfromcars,factories,farmsandhomes__44_ourrivers,lakesandoceansdirty.Pollutedwaterisverybad__45_peopletodrink.Anddirtywaterisbadforfish,__46_．Now,34percentofallkindsoffisharedyingout.Howdocarsandfactoriesmakeourwaterdirty?First,theypollutetheair．Then,whenit__47_,therainwatercomesdownandmakesourdrinkingwaterdirty．Dirtyrain,calledacidrain,isalsobadforplants,animalsandbuildings．__48_peoplehavemadewellstogetcleanwaterfromunderground.Buttherestillisn’tenough.Scientists__49_thatin30years,morethanhalfofthepeopleintheworldwon’thaveenoughcleanwater.Whenwedon’ttakecareofourwater,wearehurtingeveryone．It’stimetostartlearninghowtosavemorewaterfor__50_andourchildren．<>41.A.difficultB.importantC.comfortable<>42.A.thatB.whetherC.what<>43.A.eventsB.problemsC.questions<>44.A.keepB.letC.make<>45.A.forB.atC.of<>46.A.alsoB.eitherC.too<>47.A.rainsB.rainC.raining<>48.A.muchB.manyC.few<>49.A.talkB.sayC.speak<>50.A.ourB.weC.ourselves[真题演练]AFearsaresomethingweallhave.Youneedtofaceyourfearsandtogetoverthem.However,it'seasier____<41>thandone.Runningawayfromyourfearsdoesn’tmakethemleaveItjustmakesthem__<42>…thanever.We'renevergoingtobe__<43>fearlesseverythingwedo,butwecanatleastbemorefearlessand<44>Whatarethefearsthatscareyoumuch?Checkwhattheyareandgetthem_<45>intheopen.Aretheythings__<46>heightorsnakes?Areyouafraidtotalktogirlorboy?Ar.youso<47>thatyouarefearingonsayingthewrongthing?Thesearecommonfearsthat__<48>yourdailylivesBeforeyoucanfacethem,youneedtolearnmoreabout<49>makesyoufearfulofthesesituationsCommunicatingyourfearoneway.Otherpeoplemaybeableto__<50>yourAnxiety<焦虑becausetheyknowsomethingyoudon’t.Itcouldhefrom8past__<51>,somethingthatyoucouldneverforgetandhasmadeyoufearful__<52>thenTofacefears,youhaveto__<53>insomething.It'saveryhealthywayoflettingyoufeelasifnothingcango<54>Whenyoufeelthatway,youmayheabletothink___<55>aboutyourfears.Youwillbeable10believethateverythingwillbeokay.Everythingdoesendupbeingokay41.AcalledB.actedC.dreamedD.said42.A.louderBsillierC.brighterD.bigger43.A.similarlyB.speciallyC.completelyD.strongly44.A.honestB.confidentC.patientDenergetic45.A.outB.belowC.aboutDaway46A.likeB.behindC.amongDabove47.A.freeB;shyC.politeD.peaceful48.A.wonderB.pretendC.influenceD.save49.A.whoB.whyCwhereD.what50.A.remindB.realiseC.representD.receive51'.A.seasonB.expressionC.subjectD.experience52.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.until53.A.believeB.suggestC.dreamD.succeed54.A.guiltyB.wrongC.directD.correct55.A.mostlyB.fairlyC.differentlyD.gentlyBForyearsscientistshavebeenarguingaboutwhethernatureornurture<后天>decideswhatpeoplewillbelike.Isitnature—whatpeopleare<41>with—thatdecideswhattheywillbelike?<42>isitnurture—what<43>topeoplewhentheyareborn—thatdecideswhattheywillbelike?Scientistshavebeenstudyingtwinsto<44>iftheycanfindtheanswer,becausetwinsstartoutwiththe<45>DNA.Sometimestwinsdon’tlivetogetheratbirthandgrowupindifferent<46>anddifferentplaces—sothenatureisthesameforboth,butthenurtureisdifferent.Whenscientists<47>thesetwinsintheirlaterlife,theysometimesfindsomesurprising<48>.JimSpringerandJimLewiswereadopted〔收养bytwodifferentfamiliesatbirth.Theyfirstmeteachotheragainthirty-nineyears<49>anddiscoveredtheyhadalotin<50>.Bothhadbeen<51>twice.TheirfirstwiveswerebothnamedLindaandtheirsecondwiveswerebothnamedBetty!Eachtwinhadason—onecalledhissonJamesAlanandthe<52>calledhissonJamesAlan,too.Theirchildreneachhadadogcalled"Toy".Theyevenarrivedattheirfirst<53>inthesamecolorofcar.Sofartwin<54>seemtoshowthatbothnatureandnurtureareimportant.Whatwehavefrombirth,andhowandwherewelivehelptobuild<55>weare.41.A.bornB.grownC.taughtD.made42.A.SoB.AndC.IfD.Or43.A.pretendsB.happensC.fallsD.depends44.A.hearB.winC.seeD.plan45.A.niceB.sameC.fullD.free46.A.familiesB.citiesC.countriesD.nations47.A.believeB.suggestC.receiveD.compare48.A.numbersB.discoveriesC.resultsD.decisions49.A.agoB.laterC.forwardD.behind50.A.commonB.factC.dangerD.trouble51.A.mentionedB.marriedC.succeededD.interviewed52.A.eitherB.elseC.otherD.only53.A.competitionB.educationC.purposeD.meeting54.A.studiesB.moviesC.challengesD.mysteries55.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.whoCSomestudentscheat<作弊>becausethey’rebusyorlazyandtheywanttogetgoodgradeswithout<41>thetimestudying.Otherstudentsmightfeelthattheycan’t<42>thetestwithoutcheating.Evenwhenthereseemstobea"goodreason"forcheating,itisn’tagood<43>.Astudentwhothinkscheatingistheonlywaytopassatest<44>totalkwiththeteacherandhisorherparentssotheycanfindsomebetterwaystogether.Talkin