高考英语词汇识记必记词缀学案

LearningObjectives/学习目标1.掌握常见的词缀并熟知常见词缀的含义;2.能够通过词缀理解和记忆词义，并能利用语境和词缀知识在语言实践中使用。KeyandDifficultPoints/重难点1.熟知常见词缀2.能够通过词缀判断词义，并能结合语境知识在语言实践中使用。一．构词法基本知识英语的常见构词法有转化法(Conversion)、合成法(pounding)和派生法(derivation)。另外，缩写法和简写法(AbbreviationandSimplification)也是构词法的一种。派生法:即在词根上加前缀或后缀构成另一个与原意略有变化或截然相反的词。前缀prefix：前缀通常只改变词义，不改变词性前缀举例否定ununfair不公平的，unhappy不高兴的,unusual不同寻常的disdiscover发现，disagree不同意的in/im/ir/ilincredible难以置信的impossible不可能的，impolite不礼貌的irregular不规则的illegal不合法的mismistake错误，misunderstanding误会nonnonstop不停的，nonsmoker非吸烟者nonverbal非言语的再，又；rerewrite重写rebuild重建remarry再婚自，自动autoautomation自动化,autobiography自传在前prepreface前言,preview预习远teletelevision电视telescope望远镜telephone使enenlarge扩大，enable使能够encourage鼓励鼓舞关系interInternet因特网international国际的interaction相互作用，相互影响小型，迷你miniminibus小巴士minimum最低限度miniskirt迷你裙minimalist极简主义者生态;经济ecoecology生态ecosystem生态系统economy经济economic经济学的过度；在…之上；覆盖overoverstudy用功过度overwork过度劳累overtreat过度治疗overcoat外套在…下方；不足underundersea海底的underground地下的underline在…下方划线undersized比一般尺寸小的underplay表演不充分；对…轻描淡写自我，自己selfselfconfidence自信心selfawareness自我意识（2）后缀suffix：后缀通常改变词性，构成意思相近的其它词性的词；少数后缀同时会改变词义后缀举例形容词性后缀alnational民族的；国家的；natural自然的educational有教育意义的ableeatable能吃的；可食用的fortable舒适的entdifferent不同的confident自信的innocent无辜的，单纯的persistent坚持不懈的antabundant大量的constant经常的distant遥远的resistant抵抗的calchemical化学的medical医学的botanical植物学的ishchildish孩子气的foolish愚蠢的selfish自私的fulcareful细心的helpful有帮助的cheerful高兴的peaceful和平的lesscareless粗心的homeless无家可归的useless无用的lyorderly有秩序的,friendly友好的yearly每年的enwooden木制的woolen羊毛的golden金色的ousfamous著名的，continuous连续不断的ed/ingexcited激动的，exciting令人激动的embarrassed,embarrassingiveactive积极的，negative负面否定的，creative有创造力的ynoisy嘈杂的rainy下雨的healthy健康的wealthy富有的动词后缀fybeautify美化purify使洁净，净化classify把……分类enwiden加宽，loosen使松散，deepen加深，sharpen削strengthenizeapologize道歉realize实现副词后缀lybadly坏地，easily容易地extremely极其eventually最终wardbackward向后，eastward向东，forward向前名词后缀mentagreement协议，development发展，achievement成就nesshappiness幸福，business事务kindness善良tion/sionexplanation解释，dictation听写，discussion讨论er/orworker工人reporter记者,actor演员，inventor发明家ianIndian印度人Canadian加拿大人politician政治家magician魔术师istpianist,scientist,journalist记者cartoonist漫画家,geologist地质学家ismsocialism社会主义capitalism资本主义heroism英雄主义thtruth真理length长度youth年轻人warmth温暖domkingdom王国wisdom智慧freedom自由数词后缀teen/tyfifteen十五fifty五十thfourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth练习一：利用语境和构词法知识，用所给单词的恰当形式填空。1.Thatmanwasso__________thathelefthissmartphoneonthebusonthewaytowork.A．care B．carefulC．carelessD．carelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.die B.deadC.diedD.death3.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistryB.ChemicalC.chemist D.physician4.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.A.leadB.leaderC.leading D.leadership5.Toeveryone’s________，thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction6.You’dbettergiveupstayinguplateifyouwanttokeep_______.A．health B．healthy C．healthilyD．healthier7．_________________，Tommywasabletocatchthelasttrainandgothomeontime.A．Luck B．LuckyC．Luckily D．Unluckily练习二：利用语境和构词法知识，用所给单词的恰当形式填空。1.Thisbookis___________(use)!Ican’tfindanyoftheinformationIneed.2.Itsnowed___________(heavy)lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.3.Edisonwasagreat___________.Duringhislifehehadmany___________.(invent)4.Ifyou’renotpletely___________withourservice,youcangetyourmoneyback.(satisfy)5.Plantingflowersalongthestreetswillhelpto___________thetown.(beautiful)6.Hewasacarpenter,andspenthissparetimecarvingsmall___________toysforhischildren.(wood)7.My___________toleaveschoolwhenIwasonly15wastheworstmistakeIevermade.(decide)练习三：在语境中猜测划横线的词的含义。（2023新课标=1\*ROMANI卷B篇）Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallanecomachine.Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoselfrepair.（2023新课标=1\*ROMANI卷C篇）Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.（2023新课标=1\*ROMANI卷D篇）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathasetobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.