高考英语阅读理解满分技巧

高考英语阅读理解满分技巧

(名师解析命题特点和解题方法技巧，达到事半功倍)

专题一事实细节类题目

01专题探究Z

［命题特点］

针对原文具体叙述本身设问，可以直接或间接的从文中找到答

案，常以who,which,what,where等设问。

［考查重点］

(1)直接理解题(信息可在原文中直接找到答案)。

(2)语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转

换)。

［方法技巧］

1.查读法

(1)速读全文，明确段落中心句，掌握大意。

(2)按文章体裁、作者组材方式寻找关键信息词。

(3)找到细节，认真推敲甚至计算等。

2.按组材模式阅读(常见模式)

(1)列举型：抓住作者所举事例。

(2)时间、空间型：掌握具体的时间、地点。

(3)分类、例证型：掌握例证的事实细节，以便得到答案。

(4)程序型：理清说明事物的顺序，从而得出答案。

(5)因果分析型：理清因果关系，从而推出答案。

(6)比较、对比型：通过比较，对比事实细节，找到答案。

(7)留意不含阿拉伯数字，但代表时间或数量的单词。

如：atdawn(黎明时)，score(20),fortnight(14days),century(100

years),quarter(；/15minutes),decade(lOyears),aseason(3months)；

week(7days),couple(2个),double/doubled(翻倍)，multiplied(乘)，

bedivided(除以)，average(平均)，sum(求和)，inall(总共)。

Passage1

Lastnight'smeteor（流星）showerleftmanypeopleinthe

communitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabe

Rothschild,EmeraldValley'smayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbs

ofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightly

burningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinstead

wasaskysobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelight

ofthemeteorspassingoverhead.

“Myfamilywassofrustrated,wadmittedtownresidentDuane

Cosby.uWewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,but

itturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.w

Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets-have

beencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlight

pollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycould

seequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmentto

takemeasurestofightagainstit.

Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstar

observersthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.This

populationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.Forexample,

outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating（迁徙的）birds.According

totheInternationalDark—SkyAssociation100millionbirdsayear

throughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsand

towers.w

Countlessmoreanimalcasualties（伤亡）resultfromtheuseof

artificiallighting.CIearly,peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheir

evenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans,

too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreasea

person'schancesofgettingcancer.

EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareof

thenegativeeffectsoflightpoIIution.Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona,

hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassist

astronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeen

madeworldwide,andamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturn

offlightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescan

sharethenight.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了城市的光污染对

日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。在

Flagstaff,Arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。

1.Ithappenedlastnightthat.

A.thecity'slightsaffectedthemeteorwatching

B.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticed

C.thecitylightshowattractedmanypeople

D.themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting

解析：根据第一段最后一句”...sobrightenedbythecity'slights

thatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.”可知，昨

天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选A。

答案：A

2.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?

A.Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.

B.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.

C.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.

D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.

解析：根据第三段”...havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblem

fordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfrom…''可

知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选C。

答案：c

3.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph

4?

A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.

B.Animals'livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.

C.Varietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduced.

D.Animals'survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.

解析：根据第四段第一、二句"...thatsuffersevenmorefromlight

pollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.”

以及本段最后一句"…'100millionbirdsayearthroughout...diein

crasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers/"可知，作者第四段主要

叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影

响。故选D。

答案：D

4.LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,Arizonaareputintoeffect

to.

A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancer

B.createanidealobservationcondition

C.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnight

D.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony

解析：根据第六段第二句“...hasenforcedlightingregulationsin

itscityinordertoassistastronomersat...”可知，这条规定是为了给天

文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。故选B。

答案：B

5.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?

A.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.

B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.

C.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentally

friendly.

D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.

解析：根据整篇文章的叙述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染对人

们生活、工作以及动物的生存造成的影响，因此作者在文中呼吁我们

人类的活动应该对环境有利。故选C。

答案：c

Passage2

Studyingvolcanoesisademandingprofession.HazelRymer

frequentlyhastostrugglethroughrainforests,climbtothetopof

mountains,thenclimb200metresintothecraterofactivevolcanoes.

Butthe38—year—oldvolcanologistdoesherbesttomakeitsound

lessalarmingthanitis.^Drivingtoworkismorerisky,wsheinsists.

“AndthedeepestIgointothecraterofavolcanoisabout300

metres,nsheadds,tryingtomakeitallsoundasordinaryastaking

thedogforawalk.

Hazelhasbeenstudyingvolcanoesforalongtime,soit'snot

surprisingsheisusedtothedanger.Herinterestinvolcanoesbegan

atschool.AteachergaveherabookaboutPompeii."Iremember

readingabouttheeruptionofVesuviusandthedestructionofthe

city,wsheexplains."Thethoughtofallthosepeoplejustfrozenin

timehadquiteaneffectonmeandIamstillexcitedbytheir

dangerousbeautytoday.w

Nowadays,volcanoesaregettingmoreandmoreunpredictable.

Therehavebeenmanychangesinsealevelcausedbyglobalwarming

andmeltingicecaps.Thesehaveresultedinsomedormantvolcanoes

erupting,sostudyingthemismoredangerousthaneverbefore.Hazel

saysthatalthoughshedoesn'ttakeanyunnecessaryrisk,shehashad

somefrighteningmoments.Herworstexperiencewasontheslopesof

MountEtnainSicily,whenshewasslowlysurroundedbylava."I

hadachoiceofwalkingtenhourstogetaroundthelavafloworjust

walkingacrossit,“sheexplains.Shechosetopickapathacrossthe

coolerrocksinthelavastream."Iguessitwasfivemetres.Theflow

was1,000°C,soifyouhesitated,yourbootswouldbegintomelt.It

wasscary,butitreallywasapracticaldecision一therewasn'ttimeto

doanythingelse.”

Andwhataboutthefuture?”Ihaven'tbeentothevolcanoesin

Indonesiayet.AndIwouldlovetospendsometimeworkinginthe

Antarctic,wshesays."Iwouldalsoliketoknowwhyquietlava

flowseruptfromsomevolcanoesandwhyothervolcanoesgobang.^^

Inotherwords,HazelRymerwon'tbeexchanginghervolcanoesfor

therelativesafetyofdrivingtoworkjustyet.

【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了火山学家HazelRymer的一些

关于火山的研究活动。尽管研究火山充满不可预测的风险，但是

Hazel也不会改变自己的选择。

1.Hazel'sclaimthatadrivingtoworkismoreriskywthan

exploringvolcanoesshowsthat.

A.peoplehaveexaggeratedthedangersofvolcanoesinthepast

B.Hazeldoesnotreallyunderstandthedangeroussituationsshe

putsherselfin

C.therearemanybaddriversintheplacewhereHazellives

D.Hazelisbeingmodestandunderstatingthedangersshefaces

解析：由此句话的前一■句“Butthe38—year—oldvolcanologist

doesherbesttomakeitsoundlessalarmingthanitis.”以及此句话

可知，HazelRymer说开车上班比对火山进行研究更危险可推断出，

她是以一种谦虚的说法淡化其面临的危险。

答案：D

2.WhendidHazelfirstbecomeinterestedinvolcanoes?

A.WhenshewasvisitingItaly.

B.Whenshewasatschool.

C.Whenshewastwenty.

D.WhenshesawVesuvius.

解析：由第二段第二句"Herinterestinvolcanoesbeganat

school.”可知她在读书时就对火山感兴趣。

答案：B

3.Theunderlinedword"These”(inParagraph3)refersto

66”

A.meltingicecapsB.volcaniceruptions

C.changesinsealevelD.highertemperatures

解析：由画线词的前一句话"Therehavebeenmanychangesin

sealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandmeltingicecaps.”可知画线词

应该指的是海平线的变化。

答案：C

4.WhenHazelwasonMountEtna,shehadto.

A.takeadangerousroute

B.takeanunnecessaryrisk

C.leaveherbootsbehind

D.walkfortenhoursaroundthemountain

解析：由第三段最后几句"<1hadachoiceofwalkingtenhours

togetaroundthelavafloworjustwalkingacrossit,'she

explains.Shechosetopickapathacrossthecoolerrocksinthelava

stream.(Iguessitwasfivemetres.Theflowwas1,000℃,soifyou

hesitated,yourbootswouldbegintomelt.ltwasscary,butitreally

wasapracticaldecision—therewasn'ttimetodoanythingelse.’"

可知她选择了从熔岩流中走过，而这是一条危险的路。

答案：A

5.Inthefuture,Hazelwantsto.

A.revisitvolcanoessheknows

B.goonholidaytotheAntarctic

C.Andalessdangerousjob

D.discovernewthingsaboutvolcanoes

解析：由最后一段内容”...Iwouldalsoliketoknowwhyquiet

lavaflowseruptfromsomevolcanoesandwhyothervolcanoesgo

bang...”可知，Hazel将继续对火山进行研究，并发现一些新的东西。

答案：D

Passage3

Onlineclothesshopperswillbetoldexactlywhatsizeisbest,for

themusingnewsoftwarewhichcombineswiththeirwebcamor

smartphonetoforma"3Dtapemeasurew.

ScientistsfromSurreyUniversityanddesignexpertsfromthe

LondonCollegeofFashionaredevelopingaprogrammewhichcan

takeprecisewaist,hip,chestandothermeasurementsfromcamera

images.

Usingtheperson'sheightasastartingpoint,thesoftwarewillbe

abletobuildupandestimatetheirsizeatvariousdifferentpointson

thebody,basedontheiroverallproportions.

Theresultwillbeamoreaccuratesizingguidethanprevious

systemsbasedonthewaistsizeoraasmall/medium/largewscale,

whichrelyonlimitedmeasurementsandthebuyer'sperceptionof

theirownbodysize.

Shoppersandretailers（零售商）whochoosetosignupforthe

projectcouldsavemillionsofpoundsayearinpostagecostsby

removingtheneedtoordermultiplesizesofthesamegarment（月艮装）

andsendbackill—fittingclothes,researchersclaimed.

Theproject,sponsoredbytheEngineeringandPhysicalSciences

ResearchCouncil（EPSRC）,isexpectedtobebroughttomarket

withintwoyears.

Afterchoosinganitem,theshopperwillactivatethesoftware,

entertheirheight,standinfrontoftheirwebcamorsmartphonein

theirunderwearandtakeaphotograph.

ThesoftwarewillnotstoreortransmittheimagetotheInternet,

butwilluseittojudgetheperson'sdimensionsatvariouspointson

theirbody.

PhilipDelamoreoftheLondonCollegeofFashionsaid,“The

potentialbenefitsforthefashionindustryandforshoppersarehuge.

Currently,it'scommonforonlineshopperstoordertwoorthree

differentsizesofthesameitemofclothingatthesametime,as

they*reunsurewhichonewillfitbest.”

【语篇解读】英国萨里大学科学家和伦敦时装学院设计专家

共同开发的一款3D软件可以根据用户上传的照片精确测量出用户的

腰围、臀围、胸围等关键尺寸，以帮助用户选定最适合的服装。

1.Whatistheessentialpartofa"3Dtapemeasure"?

A.Asoftware.B.Awebcam.

C.Amicrophone.D.Asmartphone.

解析：通读全文以及第一段”...forthemusingnewsoftware

whichcombineswiththeirwebcamorsmartphonetoforma'3D

tapemeasure*.w可知文章主要介绍了一款能实现3D量体的软件，

因此选A项。

答案：A

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe"3Dtapemeasure”?

A.ItwillstoreortransmittheimagetotheInternet.

B.Itisbasedonthebuyer'sperceptionoftheirsize.

C.Itwillbeaco-workingproduction.

D.Itusesaperson'sweightasastartingpoint.

解析：根据第二段“ScientistsfromSurreyUniversityanddesign

expertsfromtheLondonCollegeofFashionaredevelopinga

programme...”可知，这款软件是科学家和设计专家共同研发的，因

此选C项。

答案：C

3.Comparedwiththetraditionalsizingsystem,a“3Dtape

measure^^is.

A.quickerB.moreprecise

C.morebeautifulD.morevivid

解析：根据第四段“Theresultwillbeamoreaccuratesizing

guidethanprevioussystemsbasedonthewaistsizeora

tsmall/medium/large'scale...w可知，此3D测量软件比传统软件更

精确，因此选B项。

答案：B

4.Howcanthert3Dtapemeasurewbenefitonlineshoppers?

A.Onlineshopperswillgettheirorderedgarmentintime.

B.Onlineshopperswillgettheirorderedgarmentmorequickly.

C.Onlineshopperswillgetanorderedgarmentofhighquality.

D.Onlineshopperswillgetanorderedgarmenttotheir

measure.

解析：通读全文可知，网购者使用文章中介绍的a“3Dtape

measure”来测量衣服的尺寸，能够买到更符合自己型号的衣服，因

此选D项。

答案：D

5.Whatistherightorderforashoppertoforma"3Dtape

measurew?

①totakeaphotowithawebcam

②toactivatethesoftware

③toenterhis/herheight

④tojudgehisorhersizebyanalysinghisorherimage

A.①②③④B.②①③④

C.②③①④D.②③④①

解析：根据倒数第三段"Afterchoosinganitem,theshopperwill

activatethesoftware,entertheirheight,standinfrontoftheir

webcamorsmartphoneintheirunderwearandtakeaphotograph.”

以及倒数第二段"Thesoftwarewillnotstoreortransmittheimageto

theInternet,butwilluseittojudgetheperson'sdimensionsat

variouspointsontheirbody.''可知这个项目首先激活软件，然后测量

其身高，再用网络摄像机摄像，最后通过分析其影像来判断其身材，

故答案为C项。

答案：c

Passage4

ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautiful

place.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreaking

storycouldhaveonegoodconsequence-othercountriesmightlearn

fromitsmistakes.

Forthousandsofyears,Polynesianpeoplelivedintheremote

islandofNauru,farfromWesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeanto

arrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainofthe

Hunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.

However,becauseitwasveryremote,Nauruhadlittle

communicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thewhalingshipsandother

tradersbegantovisitit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelements

destroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsonthe

isIand.Aten—yearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulation

from1,400to900.

Nauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishmining

companydiscoveredphosphate（磷酸盐）ontheisland.Infact,itfound

thattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate；whichwasavery

importantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthe

phosphate.

Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground；itisastrip

mine.Whenacompanydiscoversstripmining,itremovesthetop

layerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Stripmining

totallydestroystheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustarted

tolooklikethemoon.

In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesinthe

world.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsof

dollarsforitsphosphate.

Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlost

millionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsfor

personalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterrible

problem-theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheir

islandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwas

financiallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,

600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswill

probablyneverhappen.

【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了太平洋岛国瑙鲁如何从一个环

境优美的天堂岛变成一个生态失衡、满目疮痍的小岛的故事。

1.Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.

B.Togiveawarningtoothercountries.

C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.

D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.

解析：由文章第一段的"Nowitisanecologicaldisaster

area.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegood

consequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.“可以

看出，作者的目的是给当前很多只注重发展经济而忽略环境保护的国

家一个警告。故选B项。

答案：B

2.WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?

A.Richandpowerful.

B.Modernandopen.

C.Peacefulandattractive.

D.Greedyandaggressive.

解析：从第一段提到的“太平洋上的国家瑙鲁岛曾经是一个美丽

的地方”看出，瑙鲁岛很吸引人；由第二段第一句以及第三段第一句

可知，上千年来，瑙鲁岛的人们生活在偏远的小岛上，过着平静的生

活。故选C项。

答案：c

3.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom

A.soilpollutionB.phosphateovermining

C.farmingactivityD.whalehunting

解析：最后一段的"Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterrible

problem-theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheir

islandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.w即“磷酸盐逐渐减少，

开采殆尽”。由此可以看出，“磷酸盐的过量开采”导致了瑙鲁岛的

生态灾难。故选B项。

答案：B

4.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sHnancial

problem?

A.Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.

B.Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.

C.Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.

D.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.

解析：由最后一段的"Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthe

moneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.lnaddition,theyused

millionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.”看出，是领导人不正确

地使用资金导致了财政问题。故选A项。

答案：A

5.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?

A.Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.

B.Theleaderswilltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.

C.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.

D.Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.

解析：文章最后告诉我们：Expertssaythatitwouldtake

approximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairthe

island.也就是说，瑙鲁岛上的生态损失弥补起来需要大量的资金和时

间，即选项所说的“修复起来很难”。故选A项。

答案：A

Passage5

Anapplepolisher“isonewhogivesgiftstowinfriendshipor

specialtreatment.Itisnotexactlyabribe（贿赂）,butisclosetoit.

Allsortsofpeopleareuapplepolishersincludingpoliticians

andpeopleinhighoffices-justabouteverybody.OliverCromwell,

thegreatEnglishleader,offeredmanygiftstowinthesupportof

GeorgeFoxandhisparty,butfailed.

Thereareotherphrasesmeaningthesamethingas“apple-

polishingw—“soft-soaping“orubuttering-upn.Agiftisjust

onewayto”soft-soap“somebody,orto（ibutterhimup”.

Anotherthatisjustaseffectiveisflattery,givingsomeonehighpraise

一tellinghimhowgoodhelooks,orhowwellhespeaks,orhow

talentedandwiseheis.

Endlessarethewaysofflattery.Whodoesnotlovetohearit?

Onlyanunusualmancanresistthethrillofbeingtoldhow

wonderfulheis.Intruth,flatteryisgoodmedicineformostofus,

whogetsolittleofit.

Weneedittobemoresureofourselves.Itcannothurtunlesswe

getcarriedawaybyit.Butifwejustlapitupforitsgoodvalueand

nourishment,asacatlapsupmilk,thenwecanstillremaintrueto

ourselves.

Sometimes,however,flatterywillgetyounothingfromonewho

hashadtoomuchofit.Agoodexampleisthefamous12thcentury

legendofKingCanuteofDenmarkandEngland.Thekinggottired

oflisteningtoendlesssickeningflatteryofhiscourtiers（朝臣）.They

overpraisedhimtotheskies,asamanoflimitlesspower.

Hedecidedtoteachthemalesson.Hetookthemtotheseashore

andsatdown.Thenheorderedthewavestostopcoiningin.Thetide

wastoobusytolistentohim.ThekingwassatisHed.Thismightshow

hisfollowershowweakhispowerwasandhowemptytheirflattery

was.

【语篇解读】本文论述了现代社会存在的一种普遍现象：人

们往往为了自己的一点儿利益去送礼或者说一些阿谀奉承的话，而且

有时即使这样做了也未必就能实现自己的愿望。

1.Whichofthefollowingactivitieshasnothingtodowith

uapple—polishingw?

A.Aboytellshisgirlfriendhowprettyshelooks.

B.Anemployeetellsherbosshowgoodheisatmanagement.

C.Aknightissaidtobeoflimitlesspowerbyhisfollowers.

D.Ateacherpraisesherstudentsfortheirtalentandwisdom.

解析：根据"An*applepolisher'isonewhogivesgiftstowin

friendshiporspecialtreatment.w可知选D项。

答案：D

2.WhatdoesthewriterwanttoprovewithCromwell's

example?

A.Everybodycanbean“apple-polisher”.

B.Cromwellwasnotagoodaapple-polisherw.

C.GeorgeFoxandhispartywerenot((apple—polishersw.

D.Therearepeoplewhodon'tlikebeing"apple—polished”.

解析：根据第二段"Allsortsofpeopleare*applepolishersJ,

includingpoliticiansandpeopleinhighoffices-justabout

everybody.OliverCromwell,thegreatEnglishleader,offeredmany

giftstowinthesupportofGeorgeFoxandhisparty,butfailed.“可知

高层的领导者都可能是拍马屁的人，可以想象每个人都可能是这种

人。故选A项。

答案：A

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutflatteryisTRUE

accordingtotheauthor?

A.Toomuchflatterycancarryusaway.

B.Flatteryistooemptytodopeopleanygood.

C.Flatterycangetyounothingbutexcessive（过度的）pride.

D.Flatteryisoneofthewaystoapple—polishpeople.

解析:根据第一段"An*applepolisher'isonewhogivesgiftsto

winfriendshiporspecialtreatment.w和第三段“Agiftisjustone

wayto*soft-soap'somebody,orto'butterhimup'.Anotherthat

isjustaseffectiveisflattery...”可知选D项。

答案：D

4.WhydidKingCanuteofDenmarkandEnglandtakehis

followerstotheseashore?

A.Becausehewassickofhisnormallife.

B.Becausehedislikedbeingoverpraisedanymore.

C.Becausehewantedthemtorealizehowwisehewas.

D.Becausehewantedthemtoseehowweakhewasasaking.

解析：根据第六段“Thekinggottiredoflisteningtoendless

sickeningflattei*yofhiscourtiers（朝臣）.”可知国王厌烦了朝臣的阿

谀奉承，故选B项。

答案：B

5.Whodoestheauthorthinkthatflatterycandogoodto?

A.Thosewhoarepoliticiansorinhighoffices.

B.Thosewholackconfidence.

C.Thosewhoarereallyexcellent.

D.Thosewhothinkhighlyofthemselves.

解析：根据第四段"Intruth,flatteryisgoodmedicineformostof

us,whogetsolittleofit.”以及第五段“Weneedittobemoresureof

ourselves.ltcannothurtunlesswegetcarriedawaybyit.“可知，阿谀

奉承对于缺乏自信的人是有好处的。故选B项。

答案：B

专题二主旨、要义、作者的意图、观点和态度

类题目

：01专题探究z

［命题特点］

针对文章的主要内容、中心思想、段落大意以及文章的标题进行

设问。

(1)设题关键词：

©generalidea/mainidea/mainlytells...

②mainmeaning/attitudetowards...

③intention/intendto.../tendto.../haveatendency...

(2)设题切入点：

从文章中的名词、动词、形容词、副词可推断作者的意图与态度。

态度、观点、赞同的关键词：approval/approve/beinfavourof,

argue,believe,suppose*think,beconvincedthat...

［考查重点］

(1)对文章的归纳总结能力。

(2)对标题关键词的提炼能力。

［方法技巧］

(1)利用信息词(如allinall,inaword,there—fore,Itshows...

等)确定主题句、总结句的位置。

(2)对于主题隐含的段落，先弄清问题的意思，然后快速通读全

文，逐项排除，确定主旨。

(3)记叙文：“何人何时何地何法干何事”。

(4)议论文：多在首段或尾段。

(5)夹叙夹议：多在尾段。

专题训练.

Passage1

Over70percentofthe“doublesingle—childcoupleswin

Chinaneedhelpfromtheirparentsintakingcareoftheirownkids,

accordingtoarecentsurvey.

WomenofChinamagazineandaconsultingcompanycarried

outasurveyrecentlyonyoungcouplesofthe“single—child”

generation,theMorningPostreports.Thecouplessurveyedwere

around29andhavebeenmarriedforthreeyearsonaverage,with

universityeducationandmonthlyincomeof4,000jw«n($531).

Amongthem,43.5percenthavekids.

Resultsshowthat71.9percentoftheyoungcoupleshavehelp

fromtheirparentsintakingcareoftheirkids.

Grownupastheasingle—childw，theonlychildinafamily

sincethefamilyplanningpolicywhichwasadoptedin1979,this

generationdependsmuchontheirparents.

Theparentsofthe“single-child“generationfocusedmoreon

theirchildren'sphysicalwell-beingratherthantheirattitudesand

values,accordingtosomepsychologists.

Theresearchalsofoundthatthe“doublesingle—child

coupleswfollowarathertraditionalvaluesystem.

Surveyshowsthat27.5percentofthemgotmarriedafterdating

foronetotwoyears,25.2percenttwotofiveyears,and20percent

didn'ttietheknotuntildatingforfiveyears.Also,30percentofthe

coupleswereschoolmates,while43.8percentwereintroducedby

someone.

Sincetheirmarriageisbasedonenduringrelationships,65.2

percentofthehusbandsand62.9percentofthewivesthinkthat

compromise（妥协）andtolerance（宽容）arenecessaryintheir

marriage.Meanwhile,21.7percentofthehusbandsand37.1percent

ofthewivessupporttheideathathappinessisthekeystandardfora

marriage.

【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了让父母照顾孩子的社会现象。

1.Thebesttitleforthepassageshouldbe"

A.MumandDad,takecareofmykidplease

B.Doublesingle—childcouples

C.Theproblemofthesinglechild

D.ArecentsurveybyWomenofChina

解析：文章首段就点明了文章的论点——很多双独生子女夫妇让

父母为他们照顾孩子。下文就围绕这一论点展开具体论述。

答案：A

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsupportedbythepassage?

A.Themajorityofthedoublesingle—childcoupleswinChina

dependmuchontheirparents.

B.Theparentsofthe“single-child“generationcaredmore

abouttheirstudyandeducation.

C.One-fifthofthecouplessurveyeddidn'tgetmarrieduntil

datingforfiveyears.

D.Allthecouplessurveyedhaveuniversityeducationand30

percentofthemwereschoolmates.

解析：从文章第五段可知这些独生子女的父母更多地关心他们的

身体健康，而不是他们的态度和价值观，这里的态度和价值观当然包

括他们的学习观和教育观，故B项表述错误，符合题意。其他选项

文中均有表述。

答案：B

3.Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutadoublesingle—

childcoupleswisTRUE?

A.Theyaresinglechildrenineitherfamilyandtheyare

independentontheirparents.

B.Theyaresinglechildrenineitherfamilyandtheyare

dependentontheirparents.

C.Theyhaveatleasttwochildrenandcanaffordtosupport

themselves.

D.They,whowereintroducedbysomeone,followarather

traditionalvaluesystem.

解析：文章第四段提到他们都是独生子女，并且很依赖他们的父

母。

答案：B

4.Thetraditionalvaluesystemmentionedinthepassagerefers

toonethat.

A.parentsareconcernedabouttheirchildren'sphysicallifeas

wellasthespirituallife

B.mostcoupleswereintroducedbysomeoneandmadedating

fo